Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
031.524° S, 018.600° E
Coordinates (DMS)
031° 31' 00" E, 018° 36' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (20)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
AA-89911 Layer4top - M11 NE/NW L9a bone NA AMS 4551±54 BP orton2011hsd
AA-89912 Layer6 - M11SE/SW L15c bone NA AMS 5452±54 BP orton2011hsd
OxA-22877 Layer3base - N11 NW L7 plant remains NA AMS 324±22 BP orton2012han
OxA-22984 Layer2 - M11 NE L3 charcoal NA AMS 3327±26 BP orton2012han
OxA-22985 Layer3mid - N11 NW L5 charcoal NA AMS 12770±50 BP orton2012han
OxA-22986 Layer5 - M11 NE L12 charcoal NA AMS 4185±31 BP orton2012han
OxA-24515 Layer3top - O11SW L4a bone Chersina AMS 1921±25 BP orton2012han
OxA-24722 Layer3mid - N11 NW L5 charcoal NA AMS 12955±50 BP orton2012han
OxA-25352 Layer2 - O11SW L3a bone Chersina AMS 1646±25 BP orton2012han
UGAMS-11683 Layer4pit - N11SE L12 plant remains NA AMS 3890±20 BP orton2012han
AA-89911 bone NA NA 4551±54 BP Orton J. Klein R.G. Mackay A. Schwortz S. and Steele T.E. 2011. Two Holocene rock shelter deposits from the Knersvlakte southern Namaqualand South Africa.Southern African Humanities23(1) pp.109-150. Bird et al. 2022
AA-89912 bone NA NA 5452±54 BP Orton J. Klein R.G. Mackay A. Schwortz S. and Steele T.E. 2011. Two Holocene rock shelter deposits from the Knersvlakte southern Namaqualand South Africa.Southern African Humanities23(1) pp.109-150. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-22877 plant remains NA NA 324±22 BP SARD Bird et al. 2022
OxA-22984 charcoal NA NA 3327±26 BP Orton J. 2012.Late Holocene archaeology in Namaqualand South Africa: hunter-gatherers and herders in a semi-arid environment(Doctoral dissertation University of Oxford). Bird et al. 2022
OxA-22985 charcoal NA NA 12770±50 BP Orton J. 2012.Late Holocene archaeology in Namaqualand South Africa: hunter-gatherers and herders in a semi-arid environment(Doctoral dissertation University of Oxford). Bird et al. 2022
OxA-22986 charcoal NA NA 4185±31 BP SARD Bird et al. 2022
OxA-24515 bone NA NA 1921±25 BP Orton J. 2012.Late Holocene archaeology in Namaqualand South Africa: hunter-gatherers and herders in a semi-arid environment(Doctoral dissertation University of Oxford). Bird et al. 2022
OxA-24722 charcoal NA NA 12955±50 BP le Paleolithique supÔøΩrieur europeenBilan quinquennal 1991-1996Union internationale des sciences prÔøΩhistoriques et protohistoriquescommission VIIIp. 319-322. Wood R. 2018. QI 474:56-70 Bird et al. 2022
OxA-25352 bone NA NA 1646±25 BP Orton J. Klein R.G. Mackay A. Schwortz S. and Steele T.E. 2011. Two Holocene rock shelter deposits from the Knersvlakte southern Namaqualand South Africa.Southern African Humanities23(1) pp.109-150. Bird et al. 2022
UGAMS-11683 plant remains NA NA 3890±20 BP Steele T.E. Mackay A. Fitzsimmons K.E. Igreja M. Marwick B. Orton J. Schwortz S. and Stahlschmidt M.C. 2016. Varsche Rivier 003: A Middle and Later Stone Age Site with Still Bay and Howieson's Poort Assemblages in Southern Namaqualand South Africa.PaleoAnthropology: 100-163. Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (17)

Classification Estimated age References
LSA NA orton2011hsd
NA NA
LSA NA orton2011hsd
NA NA
NA orton2012han
LSA NA orton2012han
NA NA
LSA NA orton2012han
NA NA
LSA NA orton2012han
NA NA
NA orton2012han
LSA NA orton2012han
NA NA
NA orton2012han
LSA NA orton2012han
NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{orton2011hsd,
  
}
@misc{orton2012han,
  
}
@misc{Orton J. Klein R.G. Mackay A. Schwortz S. and Steele T.E. 2011. Two Holocene rock shelter deposits from the Knersvlakte southern Namaqualand South Africa.Southern African Humanities23(1) pp.109-150.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  
}
@misc{Orton J. 2012.Late Holocene archaeology in Namaqualand South Africa: hunter-gatherers and herders in a semi-arid environment(Doctoral dissertation University of Oxford).,
  
}
@misc{le Paleolithique supÔøΩrieur europeenBilan quinquennal 1991-1996Union internationale des sciences prÔøΩhistoriques et protohistoriquescommission VIIIp. 319-322. Wood R.  2018. QI 474:56-70,
  
}
@misc{Steele T.E. Mackay A. Fitzsimmons K.E. Igreja M. Marwick B. Orton J. Schwortz S. and Stahlschmidt M.C. 2016. Varsche Rivier 003: A Middle and Later Stone Age Site with Still Bay and Howieson's Poort Assemblages in Southern Namaqualand South Africa.PaleoAnthropology: 100-163.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"orton2011hsd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"orton2012han","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Orton J. Klein R.G. Mackay A. Schwortz S. and Steele T.E. 2011. Two Holocene rock shelter deposits from the Knersvlakte southern Namaqualand South Africa.Southern African Humanities23(1) pp.109-150.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Orton J. 2012.Late Holocene archaeology in Namaqualand South Africa: hunter-gatherers and herders in a semi-arid environment(Doctoral dissertation University of Oxford).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"le Paleolithique supÔøΩrieur europeenBilan quinquennal 1991-1996Union internationale des sciences prÔøΩhistoriques et protohistoriquescommission VIIIp. 319-322. Wood R.  2018. QI 474:56-70","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Steele T.E. Mackay A. Fitzsimmons K.E. Igreja M. Marwick B. Orton J. Schwortz S. and Stahlschmidt M.C. 2016. Varsche Rivier 003: A Middle and Later Stone Age Site with Still Bay and Howieson's Poort Assemblages in Southern Namaqualand South Africa.PaleoAnthropology: 100-163.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: orton2011hsd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: orton2012han
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Orton J. Klein R.G. Mackay A. Schwortz S. and Steele T.E. 2011. Two Holocene
  rock shelter deposits from the Knersvlakte southern Namaqualand South Africa.Southern
  African Humanities23(1) pp.109-150.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Orton J. 2012.Late Holocene archaeology in Namaqualand South Africa:
  hunter-gatherers and herders in a semi-arid environment(Doctoral dissertation University
  of Oxford).'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: le Paleolithique supÔøΩrieur europeenBilan quinquennal 1991-1996Union
  internationale des sciences prÔøΩhistoriques et protohistoriquescommission VIIIp.
  319-322. Wood R.  2018. QI 474:56-70
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Steele T.E. Mackay A. Fitzsimmons K.E. Igreja M. Marwick B. Orton J.
  Schwortz S. and Stahlschmidt M.C. 2016. Varsche Rivier 003: A Middle and Later Stone
  Age Site with Still Bay and Howieson''s Poort Assemblages in Southern Namaqualand
  South Africa.PaleoAnthropology: 100-163.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog