Rose Cottage Cave
Archaeological site
in South Africa
Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team
Contributors: XRONOS development team
Location
- Coordinates (degrees)
- 029.250° S, 027.500° E
- Coordinates (DMS)
- 029° 15' 00" E, 027° 30' 00" S
- Country (ISO 3166)
- South Africa (ZA)
Linked Data
There is no linked data available for this record.
Radiocarbon dates
(79)
| Lab ID | Context | Material | Taxon | Method | Uncalibrated age | Calibrated age | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GrN-5298 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 1100±30 BP | 1062–935 cal BP | vogel1970grd | |
| GrN-5299 | Pt | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 6850±45 BP | 7783–7605 cal BP | vogel1970grd |
| GrN-5300 | Jf? ""ELSA"" | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 25640±220 BP | 30260–29274 cal BP | vogel1972rrc |
| Pta-0001 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 36100±2000 BP | 43065–36405 cal BP | vogel1971prd | |
| Pta-0211 | ""pre-Wilton"" | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 29430±520 BP | 34760–32222 cal BP | mason1969tir; butzer1979ass |
| Pta-0213 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | NA | can not be calculated cal BP | pienaar2007dsc | |
| Pta-0214 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | NA | can not be calculated cal BP | pienaar2007dsc | |
| Pta-0231 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | NA | can not be calculated cal BP | pienaar2007dsc | |
| Pta-0354 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | NA | can not be calculated cal BP | pienaar2007dsc | |
| Pta-1416 | OrangeSand | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 22700±240 BP | 27362–26410 cal BP | butzer1979ass; pienaar2007dsc |
| Pta-1417 | OrangeSand | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 23400±200 BP | 27826–27290 cal BP | butzer1979ass; pienaar2007dsc |
| Pta-2076 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 8640±100 BP | 10115–9457 cal BP | pienaar2008osl | |
| Pta-350 | potsherd | NA | conventional 14C | 610±50 BP | 664–535 cal BP | vogel1971prd | |
| Pta-5560 | H | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 8614±38 BP | 9670–9530 cal BP | wadley2000ehl |
| Pta-5592 | Ge/OrangeSand | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 31300±900 BP | 38000–33857 cal BP | pienaar2008osl |
| Pta-5593 | DB (top) | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 12690±120 BP | 15541–14490 cal BP | wadley1991cbp |
| Pta-5596 | Dc | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 27200±350 BP | 31907–30755 cal BP | wadley1991cbp |
| Pta-5598 | G/G2 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 20600±250 BP | 25555–24136 cal BP | wadley1991cbp |
| Pta-5599 | O | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 9250±70 BP | 10579–10245 cal BP | wadley2000ehl |
| Pta-5600 | JaG | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 8380±70 BP | 9533–9141 cal BP | wadley2000ehl |
Typological dates
(84)
| Classification | Estimated age | References |
|---|---|---|
| NA | NA | |
| LSA | NA | vogel1970grd |
| Wilton | NA | NA |
| LSA | NA | vogel1972rrc |
| ELSA | NA | NA |
| MSA | NA | vogel1971prd |
| NA | NA | |
| MSA | NA | mason1969tir; butzer1979ass |
| Final MSA | NA | NA |
| MSA | NA | pienaar2007dsc |
| NA | NA | |
| MSA | NA | pienaar2007dsc |
| NA | NA | |
| MSA | NA | pienaar2007dsc |
| NA | NA | |
| MSA | NA | pienaar2007dsc |
| NA | NA | |
| LSA | NA | butzer1979ass; pienaar2007dsc |
| ELSA | NA | NA |
| LSA | NA | vogel1970grd |
Bibliographic references
- No bibliographic information available. [vogel1970grd]
- No bibliographic information available. [vogel1972rrc]
- No bibliographic information available. [vogel1971prd]
- No bibliographic information available. [mason1969tir; butzer1979ass]
- No bibliographic information available. [pienaar2007dsc]
- No bibliographic information available. [butzer1979ass; pienaar2007dsc]
- No bibliographic information available. [pienaar2008osl]
- No bibliographic information available. [wadley2000ehl]
- No bibliographic information available. [wadley1991cbp]
- No bibliographic information available. [wadley1991dcl; wadley1992cls]
- No bibliographic information available. [wadley2000wcc]
- No bibliographic information available. [wadley2005tsf]
- No bibliographic information available. [woodborne1997ldc]
- No bibliographic information available. [clark1999ptc]
- No bibliographic information available. [Vogel J. 1970. Groningen radiocarbon dates IX.Radiocarbon12(2) pp.444-471.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC and Beaumont PB. 1972. Revised radiocarbon chronology for the Stone Age in South Africa.Nature237(5349) pp.50-51.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Mason R.J. 1986.Origins of black people of Johannesburg and the southern western central Transvaal AD 350-1880. Occasional Paper 16. Johannesburg: Archaeological Research Unit Witwatersrand University.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394]
- No bibliographic information available. [Pienaar M. 2007. Dating the stone age at Rose Cottage Cave South Africa - An exercise in optically dating cave sediments. MA dissertation University of Pretoria]
- No bibliographic information available. [SARD]
- No bibliographic information available. [Cable JH Scott K and Carter PL 1980. Excavations at Good Hope Shelter Underberg District Natal.Annals of the Natal Museum24(1) pp.1-34.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80]
- No bibliographic information available. [Mazel A.D. 1986. Mgede shelter: A mid-and late Holocene observation in the western Biggarsberg Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum27(2) pp.357-387.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Opperman H. 1996. Strathalan Cave B north-eastern Cape Province South Africa: evidence for human behaviour 29000-26000 years ago.Quaternary International33 pp.45-53.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Wadley L. 1991. Rose Cottage Cave: background and a preliminary report on the recent excavations.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.125-130.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Parkington J. 1992. Making sense of sequence at the Elands Bay cave western Cape South Africa.Guide to archaeological sites in the south-western Cape6 p.12.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Wadley L. 2000. The early Holocene layers of Rose Cottage Cave eastern Free State: technology spatial patterns and environment.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.18-31.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Deacon H.J. 1976.Where hunters gathered: a study of Holocene Stone Age people in the eastern Cape(No. 1). South African Archaeological Society.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2) pp.84-94.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Huffman TN. 2007. Handbook to the Iron Age: The archaeology of pre-colonial farming societies in southern Africa. University of KwaZulu Natal Press Pietermaritzberg]
- No bibliographic information available. [Klatzow S. 2000.Interaction between hunter-gatherers and agriculturists in the eastern Free State.Masters dissertation: University of Witwatersrand.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Woodborne S. and Vogel J.C. 1997. Luminescence dating at Rose Cottage Cave: a progress report. South African Journal of Science 93 pp. 476-78]
- No bibliographic information available. [Jerardino A. 2010. Large shell middens in Lamberts Bay South Africa: a case of hunter-gatherer resource intensification. Journal of Archaeological Science 37:2291–2302.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117]
- No bibliographic information available. [Mazel A.D. 1999. iNkolimahashi Shelter: the excavation of Later Stone Age rock shelter deposits in the central Thukela Basin KwaZulu-Natal South Africa.Southern African Humanities11(12) pp.1-21.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Clark A.M. 1999. Late Pleistocene technology at Rose Cottage Cave: A search for modern behavior in an MSA context.African Archaeological Review16(2) pp.93-119.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Carter P.L. and Vogel J.C. 1974. The dating of industrial assemblages from stratified sites in eastern Lesotho.Man9(4) pp.557-570.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Sealy J. Maggs T. Jerardino A. and Kaplan J. 2004. Excavations at Melkbosstrand: variability among herder sites on Table Bay South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.17-28.]
- https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database [SARD]
- Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]
@misc{vogel1970grd,
}
@misc{vogel1972rrc,
}
@misc{vogel1971prd,
}
@misc{mason1969tir; butzer1979ass,
}
@misc{pienaar2007dsc,
}
@misc{butzer1979ass; pienaar2007dsc,
}
@misc{pienaar2008osl,
}
@misc{wadley2000ehl,
}
@misc{wadley1991cbp,
}
@misc{wadley1991dcl; wadley1992cls,
}
@misc{wadley2000wcc,
}
@misc{wadley2005tsf,
}
@misc{woodborne1997ldc,
}
@misc{clark1999ptc,
}
@misc{Vogel J. 1970. Groningen radiocarbon dates IX.Radiocarbon12(2) pp.444-471.,
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Beaumont PB. 1972. Revised radiocarbon chronology for the Stone Age in South Africa.Nature237(5349) pp.50-51.,
}
@misc{Mason R.J. 1986.Origins of black people of Johannesburg and the southern western central Transvaal AD 350-1880. Occasional Paper 16. Johannesburg: Archaeological Research Unit Witwatersrand University.,
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394,
}
@misc{Pienaar M. 2007. Dating the stone age at Rose Cottage Cave South Africa - An exercise in optically dating cave sediments. MA dissertation University of Pretoria,
}
@misc{SARD,
}
@misc{Cable JH Scott K and Carter PL 1980. Excavations at Good Hope Shelter Underberg District Natal.Annals of the Natal Museum24(1) pp.1-34.,
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80,
}
@misc{Mazel A.D. 1986. Mgede shelter: A mid-and late Holocene observation in the western Biggarsberg Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum27(2) pp.357-387.,
}
@misc{Opperman H. 1996. Strathalan Cave B north-eastern Cape Province South Africa: evidence for human behaviour 29000-26000 years ago.Quaternary International33 pp.45-53.,
}
@misc{Wadley L. 1991. Rose Cottage Cave: background and a preliminary report on the recent excavations.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.125-130.,
}
@misc{Parkington J. 1992. Making sense of sequence at the Elands Bay cave western Cape South Africa.Guide to archaeological sites in the south-western Cape6 p.12.,
}
@misc{Wadley L. 2000. The early Holocene layers of Rose Cottage Cave eastern Free State: technology spatial patterns and environment.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.18-31.,
}
@misc{Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).,
}
@misc{Deacon H.J. 1976.Where hunters gathered: a study of Holocene Stone Age people in the eastern Cape(No. 1). South African Archaeological Society.,
}
@misc{Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2) pp.84-94.,
}
@misc{Huffman TN. 2007. Handbook to the Iron Age: The archaeology of pre-colonial farming societies in southern Africa. University of KwaZulu Natal Press Pietermaritzberg,
}
@misc{Klatzow S. 2000.Interaction between hunter-gatherers and agriculturists in the eastern Free State.Masters dissertation: University of Witwatersrand.,
}
@misc{Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press.,
}
@misc{Woodborne S. and Vogel J.C. 1997. Luminescence dating at Rose Cottage Cave: a progress report. South African Journal of Science 93 pp. 476-78,
}
@misc{Jerardino A. 2010. Large shell middens in Lamberts Bay South Africa: a case of hunter-gatherer resource intensification. Journal of Archaeological Science 37:2291–2302.,
}
@misc{Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117,
}
@misc{Mazel A.D. 1999. iNkolimahashi Shelter: the excavation of Later Stone Age rock shelter deposits in the central Thukela Basin KwaZulu-Natal South Africa.Southern African Humanities11(12) pp.1-21.,
}
@misc{Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.,
}
@misc{Clark A.M. 1999. Late Pleistocene technology at Rose Cottage Cave: A search for modern behavior in an MSA context.African Archaeological Review16(2) pp.93-119.,
}
@misc{Carter P.L. and Vogel J.C. 1974. The dating of industrial assemblages from stratified sites in eastern Lesotho.Man9(4) pp.557-570.,
}
@misc{Sealy J. Maggs T. Jerardino A. and Kaplan J. 2004. Excavations at Melkbosstrand: variability among herder sites on Table Bay South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.17-28.,
}
@misc{SARD,
url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
year = {2022},
month = {jan},
journal = {Scientific Data},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {27},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2052-4463},
doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
langid = {english},
keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"vogel1970grd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"vogel1972rrc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"vogel1971prd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"mason1969tir; butzer1979ass","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"pienaar2007dsc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"butzer1979ass; pienaar2007dsc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"pienaar2008osl","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"wadley2000ehl","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"wadley1991cbp","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"wadley1991dcl; wadley1992cls","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"wadley2000wcc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"wadley2005tsf","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"woodborne1997ldc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"clark1999ptc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel J. 1970. Groningen radiocarbon dates IX.Radiocarbon12(2) pp.444-471.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Beaumont PB. 1972. Revised radiocarbon chronology for the Stone Age in South Africa.Nature237(5349) pp.50-51.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mason R.J. 1986.Origins of black people of Johannesburg and the southern western central Transvaal AD 350-1880. Occasional Paper 16. Johannesburg: Archaeological Research Unit Witwatersrand University.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Pienaar M. 2007. Dating the stone age at Rose Cottage Cave South Africa - An exercise in optically dating cave sediments. MA dissertation University of Pretoria","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Cable JH Scott K and Carter PL 1980. Excavations at Good Hope Shelter Underberg District Natal.Annals of the Natal Museum24(1) pp.1-34.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mazel A.D. 1986. Mgede shelter: A mid-and late Holocene observation in the western Biggarsberg Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum27(2) pp.357-387.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Opperman H. 1996. Strathalan Cave B north-eastern Cape Province South Africa: evidence for human behaviour 29000-26000 years ago.Quaternary International33 pp.45-53.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wadley L. 1991. Rose Cottage Cave: background and a preliminary report on the recent excavations.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.125-130.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Parkington J. 1992. Making sense of sequence at the Elands Bay cave western Cape South Africa.Guide to archaeological sites in the south-western Cape6 p.12.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wadley L. 2000. The early Holocene layers of Rose Cottage Cave eastern Free State: technology spatial patterns and environment.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.18-31.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Deacon H.J. 1976.Where hunters gathered: a study of Holocene Stone Age people in the eastern Cape(No. 1). South African Archaeological Society.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2) pp.84-94.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Huffman TN. 2007. Handbook to the Iron Age: The archaeology of pre-colonial farming societies in southern Africa. University of KwaZulu Natal Press Pietermaritzberg","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Klatzow S. 2000.Interaction between hunter-gatherers and agriculturists in the eastern Free State.Masters dissertation: University of Witwatersrand.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Woodborne S. and Vogel J.C. 1997. Luminescence dating at Rose Cottage Cave: a progress report. South African Journal of Science 93 pp. 476-78","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Jerardino A. 2010. Large shell middens in Lamberts Bay South Africa: a case of hunter-gatherer resource intensification. Journal of Archaeological Science 37:2291–2302.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mazel A.D. 1999. iNkolimahashi Shelter: the excavation of Later Stone Age rock shelter deposits in the central Thukela Basin KwaZulu-Natal South Africa.Southern African Humanities11(12) pp.1-21.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Clark A.M. 1999. Late Pleistocene technology at Rose Cottage Cave: A search for modern behavior in an MSA context.African Archaeological Review16(2) pp.93-119.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Carter P.L. and Vogel J.C. 1974. The dating of industrial assemblages from stratified sites in eastern Lesotho.Man9(4) pp.557-570.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sealy J. Maggs T. Jerardino A. and Kaplan J. 2004. Excavations at Melkbosstrand: variability among herder sites on Table Bay South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.17-28.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]---
:bibtex_key: vogel1970grd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: vogel1972rrc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: vogel1971prd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: mason1969tir; butzer1979ass
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: pienaar2007dsc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: butzer1979ass; pienaar2007dsc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: pienaar2008osl
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: wadley2000ehl
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: wadley1991cbp
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: wadley1991dcl; wadley1992cls
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: wadley2000wcc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: wadley2005tsf
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: woodborne1997ldc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: clark1999ptc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vogel J. 1970. Groningen radiocarbon dates IX.Radiocarbon12(2) pp.444-471.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vogel JC and Beaumont PB. 1972. Revised radiocarbon chronology for the
Stone Age in South Africa.Nature237(5349) pp.50-51.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mason R.J. 1986.Origins of black people of Johannesburg and the southern
western central Transvaal AD 350-1880. Occasional Paper 16. Johannesburg: Archaeological
Research Unit Witwatersrand University.'
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:url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
:note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
:bibtex_type: :article
:title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
:author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
Jacob}"
:year: "{2022}"
:month: "{jan}"
:journal: "{Scientific Data}"
:volume: "{9}"
:number: "{1}"
:pages: "{27}"
:publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
:issn: "{2052-4463}"
:doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
:abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
:copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
:langid: "{english}"
:keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
:month_numeric: "{1}"