Pta-0001

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon date from Rose Cottage Cave, c. 43065–36405 cal BP
Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team

Measurement

Age (uncal BP)
36100
Error (±)
2000
Lab
NA
Method
conventional 14C
Sample material
charcoal
Sample taxon
NA

Calibration

Calibration curve
SHCal20 (Hogg et al. 2020)
Calibrated age (2σ, cal BP)
  • 43065–36405

Context

Site
Rose Cottage Cave
Context
Sample position
NA
Sample coordinates
NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references (42) 

@misc{vogel1971prd,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@misc{vogel1970grd,
  
}
@misc{vogel1972rrc,
  
}
@misc{mason1969tir; butzer1979ass,
  
}
@misc{pienaar2007dsc,
  
}
@misc{butzer1979ass; pienaar2007dsc,
  
}
@misc{pienaar2008osl,
  
}
@misc{wadley2000ehl,
  
}
@misc{wadley1991cbp,
  
}
@misc{wadley1991dcl; wadley1992cls,
  
}
@misc{wadley2000wcc,
  
}
@misc{wadley2005tsf,
  
}
@misc{woodborne1997ldc,
  
}
@misc{clark1999ptc,
  
}
@misc{Vogel J. 1970. Groningen radiocarbon dates IX.Radiocarbon12(2) pp.444-471.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Beaumont PB. 1972. Revised radiocarbon chronology for the Stone Age in South Africa.Nature237(5349) pp.50-51.,
  
}
@misc{Mason R.J. 1986.Origins of black people of Johannesburg and the southern western central Transvaal AD 350-1880. Occasional Paper 16. Johannesburg: Archaeological Research Unit Witwatersrand University.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394,
  
}
@misc{Pienaar M. 2007. Dating the stone age at Rose Cottage Cave South Africa - An exercise in optically dating cave sediments. MA dissertation University of Pretoria,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  
}
@misc{Cable JH Scott K and Carter PL 1980. Excavations at Good Hope Shelter Underberg District Natal.Annals of the Natal Museum24(1) pp.1-34.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80,
  
}
@misc{Mazel A.D. 1986. Mgede shelter: A mid-and late Holocene observation in the western Biggarsberg Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum27(2) pp.357-387.,
  
}
@misc{Opperman H. 1996. Strathalan Cave B north-eastern Cape Province South Africa: evidence for human behaviour 29000-26000 years ago.Quaternary International33 pp.45-53.,
  
}
@misc{Wadley L. 1991. Rose Cottage Cave: background and a preliminary report on the recent excavations.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.125-130.,
  
}
@misc{Parkington J. 1992. Making sense of sequence at the Elands Bay cave western Cape South Africa.Guide to archaeological sites in the south-western Cape6 p.12.,
  
}
@misc{Wadley L. 2000. The early Holocene layers of Rose Cottage Cave eastern Free State: technology spatial patterns and environment.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.18-31.,
  
}
@misc{Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).,
  
}
@misc{Deacon H.J. 1976.Where hunters gathered: a study of Holocene Stone Age people in the eastern Cape(No. 1). South African Archaeological Society.,
  
}
@misc{Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2) pp.84-94.,
  
}
@misc{Huffman TN. 2007. Handbook to the Iron Age: The archaeology of pre-colonial farming societies in southern Africa. University of KwaZulu Natal Press Pietermaritzberg,
  
}
@misc{Klatzow S. 2000.Interaction between hunter-gatherers and agriculturists in the eastern Free State.Masters dissertation: University of Witwatersrand.,
  
}
@misc{Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press.,
  
}
@misc{Woodborne S. and Vogel J.C. 1997. Luminescence dating at Rose Cottage Cave: a progress report. South African Journal of Science 93 pp. 476-78,
  
}
@misc{Jerardino A. 2010. Large shell middens in Lamberts Bay South Africa: a case of hunter-gatherer resource intensification. Journal of Archaeological Science 37:2291–2302.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117,
  
}
@misc{Mazel A.D. 1999. iNkolimahashi Shelter: the excavation of Later Stone Age rock shelter deposits in the central Thukela Basin KwaZulu-Natal South Africa.Southern African Humanities11(12) pp.1-21.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.,
  
}
@misc{Clark A.M. 1999. Late Pleistocene technology at Rose Cottage Cave: A search for modern behavior in an MSA context.African Archaeological Review16(2) pp.93-119.,
  
}
@misc{Carter P.L. and Vogel J.C. 1974. The dating of industrial assemblages from stratified sites in eastern Lesotho.Man9(4) pp.557-570.,
  
}
@misc{Sealy J. Maggs T. Jerardino A. and Kaplan J. 2004. Excavations at Melkbosstrand: variability among herder sites on Table Bay South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.17-28.,
  
}

{"bibtex_key":"vogel1971prd","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}]{"bibtex_key":"vogel1970grd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"vogel1972rrc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"mason1969tir; butzer1979ass","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"pienaar2007dsc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"butzer1979ass; pienaar2007dsc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"pienaar2008osl","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"wadley2000ehl","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"wadley1991cbp","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"wadley1991dcl; wadley1992cls","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"wadley2000wcc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"wadley2005tsf","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"woodborne1997ldc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"clark1999ptc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel J. 1970. Groningen radiocarbon dates IX.Radiocarbon12(2) pp.444-471.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Beaumont PB. 1972. Revised radiocarbon chronology for the Stone Age in South Africa.Nature237(5349) pp.50-51.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mason R.J. 1986.Origins of black people of Johannesburg and the southern western central Transvaal AD 350-1880. Occasional Paper 16. Johannesburg: Archaeological Research Unit Witwatersrand University.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Pienaar M. 2007. Dating the stone age at Rose Cottage Cave South Africa - An exercise in optically dating cave sediments. MA dissertation University of Pretoria","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Cable JH Scott K and Carter PL 1980. Excavations at Good Hope Shelter Underberg District Natal.Annals of the Natal Museum24(1) pp.1-34.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mazel A.D. 1986. Mgede shelter: A mid-and late Holocene observation in the western Biggarsberg Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum27(2) pp.357-387.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Opperman H. 1996. Strathalan Cave B north-eastern Cape Province South Africa: evidence for human behaviour 29000-26000 years ago.Quaternary International33 pp.45-53.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wadley L. 1991. Rose Cottage Cave: background and a preliminary report on the recent excavations.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.125-130.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Parkington J. 1992. Making sense of sequence at the Elands Bay cave western Cape South Africa.Guide to archaeological sites in the south-western Cape6 p.12.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wadley L. 2000. The early Holocene layers of Rose Cottage Cave eastern Free State: technology spatial patterns and environment.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.18-31.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Deacon H.J. 1976.Where hunters gathered: a study of Holocene Stone Age people in the eastern Cape(No. 1). South African Archaeological Society.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2) pp.84-94.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Huffman TN. 2007. Handbook to the Iron Age: The archaeology of pre-colonial farming societies in southern Africa. University of KwaZulu Natal Press Pietermaritzberg","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Klatzow S. 2000.Interaction between hunter-gatherers and agriculturists in the eastern Free State.Masters dissertation: University of Witwatersrand.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Woodborne S. and Vogel J.C. 1997. Luminescence dating at Rose Cottage Cave: a progress report. South African Journal of Science 93 pp. 476-78","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Jerardino A. 2010. Large shell middens in Lamberts Bay South Africa: a case of hunter-gatherer resource intensification. Journal of Archaeological Science 37:2291–2302.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mazel A.D. 1999. iNkolimahashi Shelter: the excavation of Later Stone Age rock shelter deposits in the central Thukela Basin KwaZulu-Natal South Africa.Southern African Humanities11(12) pp.1-21.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Clark A.M. 1999. Late Pleistocene technology at Rose Cottage Cave: A search for modern behavior in an MSA context.African Archaeological Review16(2) pp.93-119.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Carter P.L. and Vogel J.C. 1974. The dating of industrial assemblages from stratified sites in eastern Lesotho.Man9(4) pp.557-570.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sealy J. Maggs T. Jerardino A. and Kaplan J. 2004. Excavations at Melkbosstrand: variability among herder sites on Table Bay South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.17-28.","bibtex_type":"misc"}
---
:bibtex_key: vogel1971prd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
:bibtex_key: vogel1970grd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: vogel1972rrc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: mason1969tir; butzer1979ass
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: pienaar2007dsc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: butzer1979ass; pienaar2007dsc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: pienaar2008osl
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: wadley2000ehl
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: wadley1991cbp
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: wadley1991dcl; wadley1992cls
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: wadley2000wcc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: wadley2005tsf
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: woodborne1997ldc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: clark1999ptc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vogel J. 1970. Groningen radiocarbon dates IX.Radiocarbon12(2) pp.444-471.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vogel JC and Beaumont PB. 1972. Revised radiocarbon chronology for the
  Stone Age in South Africa.Nature237(5349) pp.50-51.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mason R.J. 1986.Origins of black people of Johannesburg and the southern
  western central Transvaal AD 350-1880. Occasional Paper 16. Johannesburg: Archaeological
  Research Unit Witwatersrand University.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon
  13: 378-394'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Pienaar M. 2007. Dating the stone age at Rose Cottage Cave South Africa
  - An exercise in optically dating cave sediments. MA dissertation University of
  Pretoria
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Cable JH Scott K and Carter PL 1980. Excavations at Good Hope Shelter
  Underberg District Natal.Annals of the Natal Museum24(1) pp.1-34.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon
  23: 43-80'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mazel A.D. 1986. Mgede shelter: A mid-and late Holocene observation
  in the western Biggarsberg Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal
  Museum27(2) pp.357-387.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Opperman H. 1996. Strathalan Cave B north-eastern Cape Province South
  Africa: evidence for human behaviour 29000-26000 years ago.Quaternary International33
  pp.45-53.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Wadley L. 1991. Rose Cottage Cave: background and a preliminary report
  on the recent excavations.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.125-130.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Parkington J. 1992. Making sense of sequence at the Elands Bay cave western
  Cape South Africa.Guide to archaeological sites in the south-western Cape6 p.12.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Wadley L. 2000. The early Holocene layers of Rose Cottage Cave eastern
  Free State: technology spatial patterns and environment.The South African Archaeological
  Bulletin pp.18-31.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast
  of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of
  Cape Town).
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Deacon H.J. 1976.Where hunters gathered: a study of Holocene Stone Age
  people in the eastern Cape(No. 1). South African Archaeological Society.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone
  Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2)
  pp.84-94.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Huffman TN. 2007. Handbook to the Iron Age: The archaeology of pre-colonial
  farming societies in southern Africa. University of KwaZulu Natal Press Pietermaritzberg'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Klatzow S. 2000.Interaction between hunter-gatherers and agriculturists
  in the eastern Free State.Masters dissertation: University of Witwatersrand.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology
  of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River
  Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Woodborne S. and Vogel J.C. 1997. Luminescence dating at Rose Cottage
  Cave: a progress report. South African Journal of Science 93 pp. 476-78'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Jerardino A. 2010. Large shell middens in Lamberts Bay South Africa:
  a case of hunter-gatherer resource intensification. Journal of Archaeological Science
  37:2291–2302.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III.
  Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mazel A.D. 1999. iNkolimahashi Shelter: the excavation of Later Stone
  Age rock shelter deposits in the central Thukela Basin KwaZulu-Natal South Africa.Southern
  African Humanities11(12) pp.1-21.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo
  Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Clark A.M. 1999. Late Pleistocene technology at Rose Cottage Cave: A
  search for modern behavior in an MSA context.African Archaeological Review16(2)
  pp.93-119.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Carter P.L. and Vogel J.C. 1974. The dating of industrial assemblages
  from stratified sites in eastern Lesotho.Man9(4) pp.557-570.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Sealy J. Maggs T. Jerardino A. and Kaplan J. 2004. Excavations at Melkbosstrand:
  variability among herder sites on Table Bay South Africa.The South African Archaeological
  Bulletin pp.17-28.'
:bibtex_type: :misc

Changelog