Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
024.600° S, 030.650° E
Coordinates (DMS)
024° 36' 00" E, 030° 39' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (23)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
LJ-3135 Stratum 3C - 290-335cm eggshell Struthio camelus conventional 14C 19320±240 BP linick1977jnr
LJ-3136 Stratum 3D - 328-351cm eggshell Struthio camelus conventional 14C 19980±260 BP linick1977jnr
LJ-3137 Stratum 3E - 404-419cm eggshell Struthio camelus conventional 14C 20510±270 BP linick1977jnr
LJ-3138 Stratum 3F - 450-488cm eggshell Struthio camelus conventional 14C 23400±500 BP linick1977jnr
LJ-3150 Stratum 3B - 221-259cm NA conventional 14C 12260±110 BP linick1977jnr
LJ-3198 Stratum 2a - 69-122cm eggshell Struthio camelus conventional 14C 9230±100 BP linick1977jnr
LJ-3199 Stratum 3b - 23-53cm eggshell Struthio camelus conventional 14C 8880±100 BP linick1977jnr
Pta-099 Stratum 2a - 76-107cm charcoal NA conventional 14C 9780±85 BP vogel1971prd
Pta-100 Stratum 3B - 221-235cm NA conventional 14C 13100±110 BP vogel1971prd
Pta-101 Stratum 3E - 435-442cm charred bone NA conventional 14C 24630±300 BP vogel1971prd
Pta-112 Stratum 3b - 45-70cm charred bone NA conventional 14C 7200±70 BP vogel1971prd
Pta-114 Stratum 1 - 145-168cm charred bone NA conventional 14C 10430±150 BP vogel1971prd
LJ-3135 eggshell NA NA 19320±240 BP Linick T. W. 1977. La Jolla natural radiocarbon measurements VII. Radiocarbon 19: 19-48 Bird et al. 2022
LJ-3136 eggshell NA NA 19980±260 BP Linick T. W. 1977. La Jolla natural radiocarbon measurements VII. Radiocarbon 19: 19-48 Bird et al. 2022
LJ-3137 eggshell NA NA 20510±270 BP Linick T. W. 1977. La Jolla natural radiocarbon measurements VII. Radiocarbon 19: 19-48 Bird et al. 2022
LJ-3138 eggshell NA NA 23400±500 BP Linick T. W. 1977. La Jolla natural radiocarbon measurements VII. Radiocarbon 19: 19-48 Bird et al. 2022
LJ-3150 NA NA 12260±110 BP Linick T. W. 1977 Bird et al. 2022
LJ-3198 eggshell NA NA 9230±100 BP Linick T. W. 1977. La Jolla natural radiocarbon measurements VII. Radiocarbon 19: 19-48 Bird et al. 2022
LJ-3199 eggshell NA NA 8880±100 BP Gimbutas et al. 1989: 24f. Linick 1977: 23ff. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-099 charcoal NA NA 9780±85 BP Brami 2011 Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (24)

Classification Estimated age References
LSA NA linick1977jnr
Robberg NA NA
LSA NA linick1977jnr
Robberg NA NA
LSA NA linick1977jnr
ELSA NA NA
LSA NA linick1977jnr
ELSA NA NA
LSA NA linick1977jnr
Robberg NA NA
LSA NA linick1977jnr
Oakhurst NA NA
LSA NA linick1977jnr
Oakhurst NA NA
LSA NA vogel1971prd
Oakhurst NA NA
LSA NA vogel1971prd
Robberg NA NA
LSA NA vogel1971prd
ELSA NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{linick1977jnr,
  
}
@misc{vogel1971prd,
  
}
@misc{Linick T. W. 1977. La Jolla natural radiocarbon measurements VII. Radiocarbon 19: 19-48,
  
}
@misc{Linick T. W. 1977,
  
}
@misc{Gimbutas et al. 1989: 24f. Linick 1977: 23ff.,
  
}
@misc{Brami 2011,
  
}
@misc{Wendt W.E. 1976. 'Art Mobilier'from the Apollo 11 Cave South West Africa: Africa's Oldest Dated Works of Art.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.5-11.,
  
}
@misc{Maggs T.O.C. 1976.Iron Age communities of the southern Highveld(No. 2). Council of the Natal Museum.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"linick1977jnr","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"vogel1971prd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Linick T. W. 1977. La Jolla natural radiocarbon measurements VII. Radiocarbon 19: 19-48","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Linick T. W. 1977","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gimbutas et al. 1989: 24f. Linick 1977: 23ff.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Brami 2011","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wendt W.E. 1976. 'Art Mobilier'from the Apollo 11 Cave South West Africa: Africa's Oldest Dated Works of Art.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.5-11.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Maggs T.O.C. 1976.Iron Age communities of the southern Highveld(No. 2). Council of the Natal Museum.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: linick1977jnr
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: vogel1971prd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Linick T. W. 1977. La Jolla natural radiocarbon measurements VII. Radiocarbon
  19: 19-48'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Linick T. W. 1977
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Gimbutas et al. 1989: 24f. Linick 1977: 23ff.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Brami 2011
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Wendt W.E. 1976. ''Art Mobilier''from the Apollo 11 Cave South West
  Africa: Africa''s Oldest Dated Works of Art.The South African Archaeological Bulletin
  pp.5-11.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Maggs T.O.C. 1976.Iron Age communities of the southern Highveld(No. 2).
  Council of the Natal Museum.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo
  Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog