Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
031.567° S, 026.850° E
Coordinates (DMS)
031° 34' 00" E, 026° 51' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (42)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
UCI-209041 1 charcoal NA AMS 6015±15 BP 6892–6795 cal BP ames2020csf
UCI-209042 1 charcoal NA AMS 6040±15 BP 6940–6803 cal BP ames2020csf
UCI-209043 5 charcoal NA AMS 6085±15 BP 6985–6897 cal BP ames2020csf
UCI-209044 8 charcoal NA AMS 6100±15 BP 7148–6937 cal BP ames2020csf
UCI-209045 15 charcoal NA AMS 6355±25 BP 7321–7175 cal BP ames2020csf
UCI-209046 30 charcoal NA AMS 24170±190 BP 28732–27875 cal BP ames2020csf
UCI-209047 31 charcoal NA AMS 32120±240 BP 36951–36085 cal BP ames2020csf
UCI-209048 49 charcoal NA AMS 32710±260 BP 37725–36358 cal BP ames2020csf
UCI-209049 37 charcoal NA AMS 33830±300 BP 39500–37694 cal BP ames2020csf
UCI-209050 39 charcoal NA AMS 34720±330 BP 40545–39304 cal BP ames2020csf
Beta-532051 16 charcoal NA AMS 6470±30 BP 7428–7324 cal BP ames2020csf
Beta-532052 18 charcoal NA AMS 6360±30 BP 7415–7172 cal BP ames2020csf
CAMS-169741 33 charcoal NA AMS 35000±2200 BP 42555–35450 cal BP collins2017rho
CAMS-170783 22 charcoal NA AMS 10125±50 BP 11934–11403 cal BP collins2017rho
CAMS-170784 10 charcoal NA AMS 6200±35 BP 7241–6994 cal BP collins2017rho
Pta-2713 BR NA conventional 14C 6280±70 BP 7415–6994 cal BP opperman1987lsd
Pta-2714 KGS charcoal NA conventional 14C 36380±870 BP 42282–39825 cal BP opperman1988ems
Pta-2719 NA conventional 14C 6890±80 BP 7922–7585 cal BP opperman1987lsd
Pta-2949 AS NA conventional 14C 6850±100 BP 7927–7514 cal BP opperman1987lsd
Pta-2952 AS NA conventional 14C 6300±60 BP 7416–7016 cal BP opperman1987lsd

typological date Typological dates (42)

Classification Estimated age References
LSA NA opperman1987lsd
NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references 

@misc{ames2020csf,
  
}
@misc{collins2017rho,
  
}
@misc{opperman1987lsd,
  
}
@misc{opperman1988ems,
  
}
@misc{Ames C.J. Gliganic L. Cordova C.E. Boyd K. Jones B.G. Maher L. and Collins B.R. 2020. Chronostratigraphy Site Formation and Palaeoenvironmental Context of Late Pleistocene and Holocene Occupations at Grassridge Rock Shelter (Eastern Cape South Africa).Open Quaternary6(1).,
  
}
@misc{Cosgrove 1995,
  
}
@misc{Collins B. Wilkins J. and Ames C. 2017. Revisiting the Holocene occupations at Grassridge Rockshelter Eastern Cape South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin72(206) pp.162-170.,
  
}
@misc{Dixon 1999; Rainey 1939; Faunmap 4443,
  
}
@misc{Opperman H. 1988. An excavation of a Middle Stone Age deposit in Grassridge Rockshelter Sterkstroom District Cape Province.Fort Hare Papers9 pp.51-61.,
  
}
@misc{Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.,
  
}
@misc{Smith A.B. and Jacobson L. 1995. Excavations at Geduld and the appearance of early domestic stock in Namibia.South African Archaeological Bulletin50(161) pp.3-14.,
  
}
@misc{Garfinkel 1999,
  
}
@misc{Mazel A.D. 1984. Diamond 1 and Clarke's Shelter: report on excavations in the northern Drakensberg Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum26(1) pp.25-70.,
  
}
@misc{Mason Roger D. Mark L. Peterson 1994,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

{"bibtex_key":"ames2020csf","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"collins2017rho","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"opperman1987lsd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"opperman1988ems","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Ames C.J. Gliganic L. Cordova C.E. Boyd K. Jones B.G. Maher L. and Collins B.R. 2020. Chronostratigraphy Site Formation and Palaeoenvironmental Context of Late Pleistocene and Holocene Occupations at Grassridge Rock Shelter (Eastern Cape South Africa).Open Quaternary6(1).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Cosgrove 1995","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Collins B. Wilkins J. and Ames C. 2017. Revisiting the Holocene occupations at Grassridge Rockshelter Eastern Cape South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin72(206) pp.162-170.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Dixon 1999; Rainey 1939; Faunmap 4443","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Opperman H. 1988. An excavation of a Middle Stone Age deposit in Grassridge Rockshelter Sterkstroom District Cape Province.Fort Hare Papers9 pp.51-61.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Smith A.B. and Jacobson L. 1995. Excavations at Geduld and the appearance of early domestic stock in Namibia.South African Archaeological Bulletin50(161) pp.3-14.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Garfinkel 1999","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mazel A.D. 1984. Diamond 1 and Clarke's Shelter: report on excavations in the northern Drakensberg Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum26(1) pp.25-70.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mason Roger D. Mark L. Peterson 1994","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: ames2020csf
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: collins2017rho
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: opperman1987lsd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: opperman1988ems
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Ames C.J. Gliganic L. Cordova C.E. Boyd K. Jones B.G. Maher L. and Collins
  B.R. 2020. Chronostratigraphy Site Formation and Palaeoenvironmental Context of
  Late Pleistocene and Holocene Occupations at Grassridge Rock Shelter (Eastern Cape
  South Africa).Open Quaternary6(1).
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Cosgrove 1995
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Collins B. Wilkins J. and Ames C. 2017. Revisiting the Holocene occupations
  at Grassridge Rockshelter Eastern Cape South Africa.The South African Archaeological
  Bulletin72(206) pp.162-170.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Dixon 1999; Rainey 1939; Faunmap 4443
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Opperman H. 1988. An excavation of a Middle Stone Age deposit in Grassridge
  Rockshelter Sterkstroom District Cape Province.Fort Hare Papers9 pp.51-61.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its
  foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Smith A.B. and Jacobson L. 1995. Excavations at Geduld and the appearance
  of early domestic stock in Namibia.South African Archaeological Bulletin50(161)
  pp.3-14.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Garfinkel 1999
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mazel A.D. 1984. Diamond 1 and Clarke''s Shelter: report on excavations
  in the northern Drakensberg Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum26(1) pp.25-70.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Mason Roger D. Mark L. Peterson 1994
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog