Site types
Plein air, settlement, and

Location

100 m
Leaflet Tiles © Esri — Source: Esri, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, GeoEye, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, UPR-EGP, and the GIS User Community
Coordinates (degrees)
035.870° N, 038.400° E
Coordinates (DMS)
035° 52' 00" E, 038° 24' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Syrian Arab Republic (SY)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (288)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
OxA-17226 seed/fruit Triticum aestivum 14C 8175±40 BP 9270–9012 cal BP Bronk-Ramsey 2009 Weninger 2022
OxA-1930 seed/fruit Triticum 14C 8180±100 BP 9440–8779 cal BP Weninger 2022
OxA-1931 seed/fruit Triticum 14C 7890±90 BP 8998–8520 cal BP Brami 2011 Weninger 2022
OxA-2044 bone Homo sapiens 14C 390±60 BP 520–311 cal BP Brami 2011 Weninger 2022
OxA-2045 bone Homo sapiens 14C 170±60 BP can not be calculated cal BP Weninger 2022
OxA-2167 seed/fruit Poaceae 14C 8270±100 BP 9465–9020 cal BP Brami 2011 Weninger 2022
OxA-2168 charcoal twig 14C 8330±100 BP 9526–9030 cal BP Housley 1994, 62, brami 2011 Weninger 2022
OxA-2169 seed/fruit Poaceae 14C 8640±110 BP 10120–9443 cal BP Weninger 2022
OxA-386 seed/fruit Triticum monococcum 14C 10800±160 BP 13101–12203 cal BP Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Housley 1994, Schyle 1996 Weninger 2022
OxA-387 bone bos wild 14C 11070±160 BP 13290–12735 cal BP Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Housley 1994, Schyle 1996 Weninger 2022
OxA-397 seed/fruit Triticum monococcum 14C 10420±140 BP 12695–11828 cal BP Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Housley 1994, Schyle 1996 Weninger 2022
OxA-406 bone Ovis 14C 9300±250 BP 11221–9785 cal BP Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Goring-Morris 1991 Weninger 2022
OxA-407 bone wild ovis 14C 10050±180 BP 12464–11176 cal BP Weninger 2022
OxA-408 bone wild ovis 14C 10250±160 BP 12608–11351 cal BP Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Housley 1994, Schyle 1996 Weninger 2022
OxA-430 bone Gazella 14C 11020±150 BP 13175–12727 cal BP Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Housley 1994, Schyle 1996 Weninger 2022
OxA-431 bone Gazella 14C 10680±150 BP 12923–12047 cal BP Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Housley 1994, Schyle 1996 Weninger 2022
OxA-432 bone Gazella 14C 9540±170 BP 11248–10307 cal BP Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Goring-Morris 1991 Weninger 2022
OxA-433 bone NA 14C 9840±200 BP 11943–10600 cal BP Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Goring-Morris 1991 Weninger 2022
OxA-434 bone Gazella 14C 10490±150 BP 12735–11884 cal BP Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Housley 1994, Schyle 1996 Weninger 2022
OxA-435 bone Gazella 14C 10450±180 BP 12747–11652 cal BP Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Housley 1994, Schyle 1996 Weninger 2022

typological date Typological dates (286)

Classification Estimated age References
Neolithic NA Burleigh et al. 1982a, Moore et al. 1986, Brami 2011
Epipalaeolithic NA Burleigh et al. 1982a, Moore et al. 1986, Goring-Morris 1991, Schyle 1996
Natufian NA NA
Neolithic NA Burleigh et al. 1982a, Schyle 1996, Brami 2011
PPNB NA NA
Neolithic NA Burleigh et al. 1982a, Schyle 1996
PPNB NA NA
Neolithic NA Burleigh et al. 1982a, Moore et al. 1986, Brami 2011
PPNB NA NA
Neolithic NA Burleigh et al. 1982a, Schyle 1996
PPNB NA NA
Epipalaeolithic NA Burleigh et al. 1982b, Moore et al. 1986, Goring-Morris 1991, Schyle 1996, Henry (ed.) 1998b
Natufian NA NA
Epipalaeolithic NA Burleigh et al. 1982b, Moore et al. 1986, Goring-Morris 1991, Schyle 1996, Brami 2011
Natufian NA NA
Neolithic NA Burleigh et al. 1982b, Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Goring-Morris 1991
PPNB NA NA
Neolithic NA Burleigh et al. 1982b, Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, brami 2011
PPNB NA NA
Epipalaeolithic NA Burleigh et al. 1982b, Moore et al. 1986, Goring-Morris 1991, Brami 2011

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{Burleigh et al. 1982a, Moore et al. 1986, Brami 2011,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh et al. 1982a, Moore et al. 1986, Goring-Morris 1991, Schyle 1996,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh et al. 1982a, Schyle 1996, Brami 2011,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh et al. 1982a, Schyle 1996,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh et al. 1982b, Moore et al. 1986, Goring-Morris 1991, Schyle 1996, Henry (ed.) 1998b,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh et al. 1982b, Moore et al. 1986, Goring-Morris 1991, Schyle 1996, Brami 2011,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh et al. 1982b, Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Goring-Morris 1991,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh et al. 1982b, Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, brami 2011,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh et al. 1982b, Moore et al. 1986, Goring-Morris 1991, Brami 2011,
  
}
@misc{Brami 2011,
  
}
@misc{Housley 1994, 62, brami 2011 states B/9,
  
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@misc{Goring-Morris 1977, Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Housley 1994, Schyle 1996,
  
}
@misc{Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Housley 1994, Schyle 1996,
  
}
@misc{Bronk-Ramsey 2009,
  
}
@misc{Housley 1994, 62, brami 2011,
  
}
@misc{Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Housley 1994, Schyle 1996,
  
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@misc{Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Goring-Morris 1991,
  
}
@misc{Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Goring-Morris 1991,
  
}
@misc{Oxford Date List 21,
  
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@misc{Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Schyle 1996,
  
}
@misc{Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Housley 1994, Schyle 1996, brami 2011,
  
}
@misc{Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Goring-Morris 1991, Housley 1994,
  
}
@misc{Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Housley 1994,
  
}
@misc{Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Housley 1994, Bienert 2000,
  
}
@misc{Housley 1994,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh et al. 1982a, Moore et al. 1986,
  
}
@misc{Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Housley 1994,
  
}
@misc{Gowlett 1987, Housley 1994,
  
}
@misc{Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett and Hedges 1987, Housley 1994, Waterbolk 1994,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh et al. 1982b, Moore et al. 1986, Gowlett 1987, Goring-Morris 1991,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh et al. 1982b, Moore et al. 1986, Goring-Morris 1991, Schyle 1996,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh et al. 1982b, Moore et al. 1986, Goring-Morris 1991,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh et al. 1982; Moore 1986; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Burleigh et al. 1982; Moore 2000; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Moore 2000; Benz 2014,
  
}
@misc{Moore 1992; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Moore et al. 1986; Housley 1994; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Moore et al. 1986; Gowlett et al. 1987; Housley 1994; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Bronk Ramsey et al. 2009; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Moore 1992; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Gowlett 1987; Benz 2014; CalPal,
  
}
@misc{Moore et al. 1986; Gowlett et al. 1987; Housley 1994; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016; ORAU,
  
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@misc{Moore et al. 1986; Gowlett et al. 1987; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
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@misc{Moore 2000; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
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@misc{Moore et al. 1986; ;CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
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@misc{ORAU,
  
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@misc{Burleigh et al. 1982a Moore et al. 1986 Goring-Morris 1991 Schyle 1996,
  
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@misc{Burleigh et al. 1982a Schyle 1996 Brami 2011,
  
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@misc{Burleigh et al. 1982a Schyle 1996,
  
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@misc{Burleigh et al. 1982b Moore et al. 1986 Goring-Morris 1991 Schyle 1996 Henry (ed.) 1998b,
  
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@misc{Burleigh et al. 1982b Moore et al. 1986 Goring-Morris 1991 Schyle 1996 Brami 2011,
  
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@misc{Burleigh et al. 1982b Moore et al. 1986 Gowlett and Hedges 1987 Goring-Morris 1991,
  
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@misc{Burleigh et al. 1982b Moore et al. 1986 Gowlett 1987 Goring-Morris 1991 brami 2011,
  
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}
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}
@article{RADON,
  title = {RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.},
  author = {Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter},
  date = {2012},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Neolithic Archaeology},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {1–4},
  url = {https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116},
  abstract = {In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}
}
@misc{Moore et al. 1986 Gowlett and Hedges 1987 Housley 1994 Waterbolk 1994,
  
}
@misc{Moore et al. 1986 Gowlett and Hedges 1987 Housley 1994 Schyle 1996,
  
}
@misc{Moore et al. 1986 Gowlett and Hedges 1987 Goring-Morris 1991,
  
}
@misc{Gowlett and Hedges 1987 Goring-Morris 1991,
  
}
@misc{Moore et al. 1986 Gowlett and Hedges 1987 Goring-Morris 1991 Schyle 1996,
  
}
@misc{Moore et al. 1986 Gowlett and Hedges 1987 Goring-Morris 1991 Housley 1994 Schyle 1996 brami 2011,
  
}
@misc{Moore et al. 1986 Gowlett and Hedges 1987 Goring-Morris 1991 Housley 1994,
  
}
@misc{Karin,
  
}
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}
@misc{Carbonell  2000 In: Bar-Yosef & Pilbeam The Geography of Neandertals and Modern Humans in Europe and the Greater Mediterranean Peabody Museum Bulletin 8: 5-34,
  
}
@misc{Ontanon R. 2003. L'Anthropologie 107: 333-363. P a b l o Ar i a s e t a l . - C a n ta b r i a n p o r ta b l e a r t 2013 -W i s s e n s c h a f t l i c h e S c h r i f t e n d e s Ne a n d e r t h a l M u s e u m s 7,
  
}
@misc{Moore et al. 1986 Gowlett and Hedges 1987 Housley 1994,
  
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@misc{CONTEXT,
  url = {http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php},
  note = {Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}
}
@article{RADON,
  title = {RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.},
  author = {Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter},
  date = {2012},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Neolithic Archaeology},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {1–4},
  url = {https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116},
  abstract = {In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}
}
@article{NERD,
  title = {The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP},
  shorttitle = {The NERD Dataset},
  author = {Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen},
  date = {2022-02-22},
  volume = {10},
  number = {0},
  pages = {2},
  publisher = {Ubiquity Press},
  issn = {2049-1565},
  doi = {10.5334/joad.90},
  url = {https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  abstract = {To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.},
  issue = {0},
  langid = {american},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}
}
@dataset{BDA,
  title = {Base de Données Archéologique (BDA)},
  author = {Perrin, Thomas},
  date = {2021-02-03},
  publisher = {NAKALA},
  doi = {10.34847/nkl.dde9fnm8},
  url = {https://nakala.fr/10.34847/nkl.dde9fnm8},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  abstract = {Exports in .xlsx format of the main tables of the BDA database (Archaeological Database), available here https://bda.huma-num.fr/ in Filemaker Pro format.},
  langid = {french}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
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Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}","author":"{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}","date":"{2012}","journaltitle":"{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}","volume":"{14}","pages":"{1–4}","url":"{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}","abstract":"{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Moore et al. 1986 Gowlett and Hedges 1987 Housley 1994 Waterbolk 1994","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Moore et al. 1986 Gowlett and Hedges 1987 Housley 1994 Schyle 1996","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Moore et al. 1986 Gowlett and Hedges 1987 Goring-Morris 1991","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gowlett and Hedges 1987 Goring-Morris 1991","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Moore et al. 1986 Gowlett and Hedges 1987 Goring-Morris 1991 Schyle 1996","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Moore et al. 1986 Gowlett and Hedges 1987 Goring-Morris 1991 Housley 1994 Schyle 1996 brami 2011","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Moore et al. 1986 Gowlett and Hedges 1987 Goring-Morris 1991 Housley 1994","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Karin","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Moore et al. 2000","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Carbonell  2000 In: Bar-Yosef & Pilbeam The Geography of Neandertals and Modern Humans in Europe and the Greater Mediterranean Peabody Museum Bulletin 8: 5-34","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Ontanon R. 2003. L'Anthropologie 107: 333-363. P a b l o Ar i a s e t a l . - C a n ta b r i a n p o r ta b l e a r t 2013 -W i s s e n s c h a f t l i c h e S c h r i f t e n d e s Ne a n d e r t h a l M u s e u m s 7","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Moore et al. 1986 Gowlett and Hedges 1987 Housley 1994","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CONTEXT","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}","note":"{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"}][{"bibtex_key":"RADON","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}","author":"{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}","date":"{2012}","journaltitle":"{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}","volume":"{14}","pages":"{1–4}","url":"{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}","abstract":"{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}"}][{"bibtex_key":"NERD","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP}","shorttitle":"{The NERD Dataset}","author":"{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}","date":"{2022-02-22}","volume":"{10}","number":"{0}","pages":"{2}","publisher":"{Ubiquity Press}","issn":"{2049-1565}","doi":"{10.5334/joad.90}","url":"{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.}","issue":"{0}","langid":"{american}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"BDA","bibtex_type":"dataset","title":"{Base de Données Archéologique (BDA)}","author":"{Perrin, Thomas}","date":"{2021-02-03}","publisher":"{NAKALA}","doi":"{10.34847/nkl.dde9fnm8}","url":"{https://nakala.fr/10.34847/nkl.dde9fnm8}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{Exports in .xlsx format of the main tables of the BDA database (Archaeological Database), available here https://bda.huma-num.fr/ in Filemaker Pro format.}","langid":"{french}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
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- :bibtex_key: RADON
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C
    Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}"
  :author: "{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian,
    Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}"
  :date: "{2012}"
  :journaltitle: "{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}"
  :volume: "{14}"
  :pages: "{1–4}"
  :url: "{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}"
  :abstract: "{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific
    dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently
    of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller
    2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy,
    still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level,
    it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and
    that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as
    sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates,
    but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate
    results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e.
    g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This
    approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which
    we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has
    been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C
    data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia –
    is collected and successively augmented.}"
---
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---
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:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Moore et al. 1986 Gowlett and Hedges 1987 Goring-Morris 1991 Housley
  1994
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Karin
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Moore et al. 2000
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Carbonell  2000 In: Bar-Yosef & Pilbeam The Geography of Neandertals
  and Modern Humans in Europe and the Greater Mediterranean Peabody Museum Bulletin
  8: 5-34'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Ontanon R. 2003. L''Anthropologie 107: 333-363. P a b l o Ar i a s e
  t a l . - C a n ta b r i a n p o r ta b l e a r t 2013 -W i s s e n s c h a f t
  l i c h e S c h r i f t e n d e s Ne a n d e r t h a l M u s e u m s 7'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Moore et al. 1986 Gowlett and Hedges 1987 Housley 1994
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CONTEXT
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}"
  :note: "{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database.
    https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"
---
- :bibtex_key: RADON
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C
    Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}"
  :author: "{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian,
    Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}"
  :date: "{2012}"
  :journaltitle: "{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}"
  :volume: "{14}"
  :pages: "{1–4}"
  :url: "{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}"
  :abstract: "{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific
    dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently
    of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller
    2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy,
    still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level,
    it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and
    that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as
    sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates,
    but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate
    results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e.
    g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This
    approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which
    we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has
    been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C
    data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia –
    is collected and successively augmented.}"
---
- :bibtex_key: NERD
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500
    Cal. Yr. BP}"
  :shorttitle: "{The NERD Dataset}"
  :author: "{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}"
  :date: "{2022-02-22}"
  :volume: "{10}"
  :number: "{0}"
  :pages: "{2}"
  :publisher: "{Ubiquity Press}"
  :issn: "{2049-1565}"
  :doi: "{10.5334/joad.90}"
  :url: "{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :abstract: "{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the
    largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near
    East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP).
    It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected
    comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and
    databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation
    reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing
    the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape,
    Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient
    Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with
    newly published radiocarbon dates.}"
  :issue: "{0}"
  :langid: "{american}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: BDA
  :bibtex_type: :dataset
  :title: "{Base de Données Archéologique (BDA)}"
  :author: "{Perrin, Thomas}"
  :date: "{2021-02-03}"
  :publisher: "{NAKALA}"
  :doi: "{10.34847/nkl.dde9fnm8}"
  :url: "{https://nakala.fr/10.34847/nkl.dde9fnm8}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :abstract: "{Exports in .xlsx format of the main tables of the BDA database (Archaeological
    Database), available here https://bda.huma-num.fr/ in Filemaker Pro format.}"
  :langid: "{french}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog

Name:
Abu Hureyra → Tell Abu Hureyra