Site types
Settlement and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
031.180° N, 034.580° E
Coordinates (DMS)
031° 10' 00" E, 034° 34' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Israel (IL)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (109)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Beta-161866 charcoal NA NA 5270±70 BP Burton and Levy 2011 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-161867 charcoal NA NA 5130±70 BP Burton and Levy 2011 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-161868 charcoal NA NA 5460±90 BP Burton and Levy 2011 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-161869 charcoal NA NA 5250±50 BP Burton and Levy 2011 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-161870 charcoal NA NA 5270±70 BP Burton and Levy 2011 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-161871 charcoal NA NA 5300±80 BP Burton and Levy 2011 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-161872 charcoal NA NA 5220±70 BP Burton and Levy 2011 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-161874 charcoal NA NA 5270±70 BP Burton and Levy 2011 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-161875 charcoal NA NA 5280±70 BP Burton and Levy 2011 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-161876 charcoal NA NA 5300±50 BP Burton and Levy 2011 Palmisano et al. 2022
Hel-1915 charcoal NA NA 5320±180 BP Housley 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
OxA-2513 IV NA NA 5710±140 BP CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
OxA-2520 Final Shiqmim;Subter.Room 3, hearth, L320-B728. charcoal NA NA 5060±140 BP Housley 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
OxA-2521 Early Shiqmim;Phase III, altar, L.3053-B.49; 97/89/L.3053-B.Z349 charcoal NA NA 5530±130 BP ORAU; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
OxA-2522 97/89/L.017-B.0124 charcoal NA NA 5600±130 BP Housley 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
OxA-2523 Early Shiqmim;Phase IV, pit 3075-B.Z251; 97/89/L.3075-B.Z251 seeds (charred) NA NA 5710±140 BP Housley 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
OxA-2524 Early Shiqmim;Subterr room 7, floor L.3312-B.833; 97/89/L.3312-B.Z833 charcoal NA NA 5650±140 BP Housley 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
OxA-2525 Early Shiqmim;phase III altar, L.3053-B.173; 97/89/L.3053-B.Z173 charcoal (twig) NA NA 5385±130 BP Housley 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
OxA-2526 Early Shiqmim;Phase IV, pit L.3075-B.Z251; 97/89/L.3075/B.Z251 grain (charred) Poaceae NA 5540±150 BP Housley 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
RT-1317 Locus 3264/Z650,Subterranean Room 1; L3294/Z750, underground subroom (SR) I near basalt bowl charcoal NA NA 5330±50 BP CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (71)

Classification Estimated age References
Chalcolithic NA Housley 1994, 65
Chalcolithic NA Lovell 2001
Shiqmim NA NA
Chalcolithic NA Lovell 2001
Shiqmim NA NA
Chalcolithic NA Lovell 2001
Shiqmim NA NA
Chalcolithic NA Lovell 2001
Shiqmim NA NA
Chalcolithic NA Lovell 2001
Shiqmim NA NA
Chalcolithic NA Lovell 2001
Shiqmim NA NA
Chalcolithic NA Lovell 2001
Shiqmim NA NA
Chalcolithic NA Lovell 2001
Shiqmim NA NA
Chalcolithic NA Lovell 2001
Shiqmim NA NA
Chalcolithic NA Lovell 2001

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

  • No bibliographic information available. [Housley 1994, 65]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Lovell 2001]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Garfinkel 1999]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Housley 1994]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Braun et al. 2013]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Burton and Levy 2011]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Housley 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016]
  • No bibliographic information available. [CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016]
  • No bibliographic information available. [ORAU; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Flohr et al. 2016]
  • No bibliographic information available. [CalPal]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Gilead 1988]
  • No bibliographic information available. [Housley 1994 65]
  • Weninger, B. (2022). CalPal Edition 2022.9. Zenodo. https://doi.org/1010.5281/zenodo.7422618 [CalPal2022]
  • http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php [CONTEXT]
  • Palmisano, A., Bevan, A., Lawrence, D., & Shennan, S. (2022). The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP. 10(0), 2. https://doi.org/10.5334/joad.90 [NERD]
  • Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]
@misc{Housley 1994, 65,
  
}
@misc{Lovell 2001,
  
}
@misc{Garfinkel 1999,
  
}
@misc{Housley 1994,
  
}
@misc{Braun et al. 2013,
  
}
@misc{Burton and Levy 2011,
  
}
@misc{Housley 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{ORAU; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{CalPal,
  
}
@misc{Gilead 1988,
  
}
@misc{Housley 1994 65,
  
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@misc{CONTEXT,
  url = {http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php},
  note = {Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}
}
@article{NERD,
  title = {The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP},
  shorttitle = {The NERD Dataset},
  author = {Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen},
  date = {2022-02-22},
  volume = {10},
  number = {0},
  pages = {2},
  publisher = {Ubiquity Press},
  issn = {2049-1565},
  doi = {10.5334/joad.90},
  url = {https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  abstract = {To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.},
  issue = {0},
  langid = {american},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"Housley 1994, 65","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lovell 2001","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Garfinkel 1999","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Housley 1994","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Braun et al. 2013","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Burton and Levy 2011","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Housley 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"ORAU; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gilead 1988","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Housley 1994 65","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CONTEXT","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}","note":"{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"}][{"bibtex_key":"NERD","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP}","shorttitle":"{The NERD Dataset}","author":"{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}","date":"{2022-02-22}","volume":"{10}","number":"{0}","pages":"{2}","publisher":"{Ubiquity Press}","issn":"{2049-1565}","doi":"{10.5334/joad.90}","url":"{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.}","issue":"{0}","langid":"{american}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Housley 1994, 65
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lovell 2001
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Garfinkel 1999
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Housley 1994
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Braun et al. 2013
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Burton and Levy 2011
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Housley 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: ORAU; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CalPal
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gilead 1988
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Housley 1994 65
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CONTEXT
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}"
  :note: "{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database.
    https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"
---
- :bibtex_key: NERD
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500
    Cal. Yr. BP}"
  :shorttitle: "{The NERD Dataset}"
  :author: "{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}"
  :date: "{2022-02-22}"
  :volume: "{10}"
  :number: "{0}"
  :pages: "{2}"
  :publisher: "{Ubiquity Press}"
  :issn: "{2049-1565}"
  :doi: "{10.5334/joad.90}"
  :url: "{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :abstract: "{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the
    largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near
    East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP).
    It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected
    comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and
    databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation
    reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing
    the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape,
    Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient
    Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with
    newly published radiocarbon dates.}"
  :issue: "{0}"
  :langid: "{american}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog