Site types
Boyne passage grave, building phase of passage tomb, burial mound, horse, miscellaneous, passage tomb, passage tomb., passage tomb, passage tomb. building phase, passage tomb. unsecure date, settlement, passage grave, and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
053.704° N, 006.467° W
Coordinates (DMS)
053° 42' 00" W, 006° 28' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Ireland (IE)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (126)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
GU-1619 charcoal NA NA 3885±70 BP Manning et al. 2015
GU-1671 charcoal NA NA 4050±65 BP Manning et al. 2015
UB-361 humic acid NA NA 4535±105 BP Manning et al. 2015
GrN-5462-C charcoal NA NA 4425±45 BP Manning et al. 2015
GrN-6344 charcoal NA NA 4050±40 BP Manning et al. 2015
GrN-6343 charcoal NA NA 3990±40 BP Manning et al. 2015
GrN-6342 charcoal NA NA 3885±35 BP Manning et al. 2015
UB-361 basal sod layer in mound collagen, bone humic acid NA 4535±105 BP Whittle et al. 2011b Hinz et al. 2012
GrN-9057 sods possibly redeposited from structure predating main tomb peat NA NA 4480±60 BP Whittle et al. 2011 Hinz et al. 2012
GU-1619 Settlement, Passage grave charcoal NA NA 3885±70 BP Hinz et al. 2012
UB-2394 Settlement, Passage grave charcoal NA NA 3875±90 BP Hinz et al. 2012
GrN-12829 Settlement, Passage grave charcoal NA NA 3930±35 BP Hinz et al. 2012
GrN-5462 NA NA 4500±45 BP Hinz et al. 2012
GrN-6343 charcoal NA NA 3990±40 BP Hinz et al. 2012
GU-1621 Settlement, Passage grave charcoal NA NA 3890±75 BP Hinz et al. 2012
GU-1773 Settlement, Passage grave charcoal NA NA 3975±60 BP Hinz et al. 2012
GU-1771 Settlement, Passage grave charcoal NA NA 3935±70 BP Hinz et al. 2012
GrN-6344 charcoal NA NA 4050±40 BP Hinz et al. 2012
GU-1617 charcoal NA NA 4050±65 BP Hinz et al. 2012
GrN-11800 charcoal NA NA 4070±40 BP Hinz et al. 2012

typological date Typological dates (72)

Classification Estimated age References
Neolithic NA N999738
Neolithic NA N999738
Bronze Age NA Chapple 2019
Bronze Age NA Chapple 2019
Beaker NA NA
Bronze Age NA Chapple 2019
Beaker NA NA
Bronze Age NA Chapple 2019
Beaker NA NA
Bronze Age NA Chapple 2019
Beaker NA NA
Bronze Age NA Chapple 2019
Beaker NA NA
Bronze Age NA Chapple 2019
Beaker NA NA
Bronze Age NA Chapple 2019
Beaker NA NA
UN NA NA
UN NA NA
UN NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{N999738,
  
}
@dataset{IRDD,
  title = {Catalogue of Radiocarbon Determinations & Dendrochronology Dates (August 2019 Release)},
  author = {Chapple, Robert M},
  date = {2019},
  publisher = {Oculus Obscura Press},
  location = {Belfast},
  url = {https://sites.google.com/site/chapplearchaeology/irish-radiocarbon-dendrochronological-dates}
}
@misc{Larsson 2019,
  
}
@misc{Whittle et al. 2011b,
  
}
@misc{Whittle et al. 2011,
  
}
@misc{Whittle et al. 2011; O'Kelly 1969; O'Kelly 1972,
  
}
@misc{O'Kelly 1969; Whittle et al. 2011,
  
}
@misc{O'Kelly 1982, 230; O'Kelly 1989, 351; Waddell 2000, 104; Bergh 1995, 106; van Wijngaarden-Bakker 1974, 315; Cooney, Bayliss, Healy, Whittle, Danaher, Cagney, Mallory, Smyth, Kador & O'Sullivan 2011, 636,
  
}
@misc{O'Kelly 1982, 230; O'Kelly 1989, 351; Waddell 2000, 104; Bergh 1995, 106; Lavell 1971, 3E.2; van Wijngaarden-Bakker 1974, 315; Cooney, Bayliss, Healy, Whittle, Danaher, Cagney, Mallory, Smyth, Kador & O'Sullivan 2011, 639; Lynch et al. 2014, 48,
  
}
@misc{O'Kelly 1982, 230; O'Kelly 1989, 351;Waddell 2000, 104; Bergh 1995, 106; Cooney, Bayliss, Healy, Whittle, Danaher, Cagney, Mallory, Smyth, Kador & O'Sullivan 2011, 639; Lynch et al. 2014, 48,
  
}
@misc{O'Kelly 1982, 230; Bergh 1995, 106; Lavell 1971, 3E.3; van Wijngaarden-Bakker 1974, 315; Cooney, Bayliss, Healy, Whittle, Danaher, Cagney, Mallory, Smyth, Kador & O'Sullivan 2011, 639; Waddell 2000, 105; Lynch et al. 2014, 48,
  
}
@misc{O'Kelly 1982, 230; Smith, Pearson & Pilcher 1971b, 452; Lavell 1971, 3E.3; Cooney, Bayliss, Healy, Whittle, Danaher, Cagney, Mallory, Smyth, Kador & O'Sullivan 2011, 639,
  
}
@misc{O'Kelly 1982, 230,
  
}
@misc{O'Kelly 1982, 230; O'Kelly 1989, 351,
  
}
@misc{Smith, Pearson & Pilcher 1971b, 452; Lavell 1971, 3E.2,
  
}
@misc{Cooney, Bayliss, Healy, Whittle, Danaher, Cagney, Mallory, Smyth, Kador & O'Sullivan 2011, 639,
  
}
@misc{Bendrey et al. 2013, 3, 4,
  
}
@misc{Lynch et al. 2014, 48,
  
}
@dataset{EUROEVOL,
  title = {The Cultural Evolution of Neolithic Europe. EUROEVOL Dataset},
  author = {Manning, K. and Timpson, A. and Colledge, S. and Crema, E. and Shennan, S.},
  date = {2015-07-09},
  url = {https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1469811/},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  abstract = {This dataset comprises the primary data collected for the Cultural Evolution of Neolithic Europe project (EUROEVOL), led by Professor Stephen Shennan, UCL. The dataset offers the largest repository of archaeological site and radiocarbon data from Neolithic Europe (4,757 sites and 14,131 radiocarbon samples), dating between the late Mesolithic and Early Bronze Age, as well as the largest collections of archaeobotanical data (>8300 records for 729 different species, genera and families, and the largest collection of animal bone data with >3 million NISP counts and >36,000 biometrics.},
  langid = {english}
}
@dataset{Bevan2017,
  title = {Radiocarbon Dataset and Analysis from Bevan, A., Colledge, S., Fuller, D., Fyfe, R., Shennan, S. and C. Stevens 2017. Holocene Fluctuations in Human Population Demonstrate Repeated Links to Food Production and Climate},
  author = {Bevan, A. H.},
  date = {2017-10-20},
  publisher = {UCL Institute of Archaeology},
  location = {London, UK},
  doi = {10.14324/000.ds.10025178},
  url = {https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10025178/},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  langid = {english}
}
@misc{Vermeersch2019,
  
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@dataset{EUROEVOL,
  title = {The Cultural Evolution of Neolithic Europe. EUROEVOL Dataset},
  author = {Manning, K. and Timpson, A. and Colledge, S. and Crema, E. and Shennan, S.},
  date = {2015-07-09},
  url = {https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1469811/},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  abstract = {This dataset comprises the primary data collected for the Cultural Evolution of Neolithic Europe project (EUROEVOL), led by Professor Stephen Shennan, UCL. The dataset offers the largest repository of archaeological site and radiocarbon data from Neolithic Europe (4,757 sites and 14,131 radiocarbon samples), dating between the late Mesolithic and Early Bronze Age, as well as the largest collections of archaeobotanical data (>8300 records for 729 different species, genera and families, and the largest collection of animal bone data with >3 million NISP counts and >36,000 biometrics.},
  langid = {english}
}
@article{RADON,
  title = {RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.},
  author = {Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter},
  date = {2012},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Neolithic Archaeology},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {1–4},
  url = {https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116},
  abstract = {In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}
}
@dataset{IRDD,
  title = {Catalogue of Radiocarbon Determinations & Dendrochronology Dates (August 2019 Release)},
  author = {Chapple, Robert M},
  date = {2019},
  publisher = {Oculus Obscura Press},
  location = {Belfast},
  url = {https://sites.google.com/site/chapplearchaeology/irish-radiocarbon-dendrochronological-dates}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"N999738","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"IRDD","bibtex_type":"dataset","title":"{Catalogue of Radiocarbon Determinations & Dendrochronology Dates (August 2019 Release)}","author":"{Chapple, Robert M}","date":"{2019}","publisher":"{Oculus Obscura Press}","location":"{Belfast}","url":"{https://sites.google.com/site/chapplearchaeology/irish-radiocarbon-dendrochronological-dates}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Larsson 2019","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Whittle et al. 2011b","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Whittle et al. 2011","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Whittle et al. 2011; O'Kelly 1969; O'Kelly 1972","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"O'Kelly 1969; Whittle et al. 2011","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"O'Kelly 1982, 230; O'Kelly 1989, 351; Waddell 2000, 104; Bergh 1995, 106; van Wijngaarden-Bakker 1974, 315; Cooney, Bayliss, Healy, Whittle, Danaher, Cagney, Mallory, Smyth, Kador & O'Sullivan 2011, 636","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"O'Kelly 1982, 230; O'Kelly 1989, 351; Waddell 2000, 104; Bergh 1995, 106; Lavell 1971, 3E.2; van Wijngaarden-Bakker 1974, 315; Cooney, Bayliss, Healy, Whittle, Danaher, Cagney, Mallory, Smyth, Kador & O'Sullivan 2011, 639; Lynch et al. 2014, 48","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"O'Kelly 1982, 230; O'Kelly 1989, 351;Waddell 2000, 104; Bergh 1995, 106; Cooney, Bayliss, Healy, Whittle, Danaher, Cagney, Mallory, Smyth, Kador & O'Sullivan 2011, 639; Lynch et al. 2014, 48","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"O'Kelly 1982, 230; Bergh 1995, 106; Lavell 1971, 3E.3; van Wijngaarden-Bakker 1974, 315; Cooney, Bayliss, Healy, Whittle, Danaher, Cagney, Mallory, Smyth, Kador & O'Sullivan 2011, 639; Waddell 2000, 105; Lynch et al. 2014, 48","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"O'Kelly 1982, 230; Smith, Pearson & Pilcher 1971b, 452; Lavell 1971, 3E.3; Cooney, Bayliss, Healy, Whittle, Danaher, Cagney, Mallory, Smyth, Kador & O'Sullivan 2011, 639","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"O'Kelly 1982, 230","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"O'Kelly 1982, 230; O'Kelly 1989, 351","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Smith, Pearson & Pilcher 1971b, 452; Lavell 1971, 3E.2","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Cooney, Bayliss, Healy, Whittle, Danaher, Cagney, Mallory, Smyth, Kador & O'Sullivan 2011, 639","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bendrey et al. 2013, 3, 4","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lynch et al. 2014, 48","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"EUROEVOL","bibtex_type":"dataset","title":"{The Cultural Evolution of Neolithic Europe. EUROEVOL Dataset}","author":"{Manning, K. and Timpson, A. and Colledge, S. and Crema, E. and Shennan, S.}","date":"{2015-07-09}","url":"{https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1469811/}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{This dataset comprises the primary data collected for the Cultural Evolution of Neolithic Europe project (EUROEVOL), led by Professor Stephen Shennan, UCL. The dataset offers the largest repository of archaeological site and radiocarbon data from Neolithic Europe (4,757 sites and 14,131 radiocarbon samples), dating between the late Mesolithic and Early Bronze Age, as well as the largest collections of archaeobotanical data (>8300 records for 729 different species, genera and families, and the largest collection of animal bone data with >3 million NISP counts and >36,000 biometrics.}","langid":"{english}"}][{"bibtex_key":"Bevan2017","bibtex_type":"dataset","title":"{Radiocarbon Dataset and Analysis from Bevan, A., Colledge, S., Fuller, D., Fyfe, R., Shennan, S. and C. Stevens 2017. Holocene Fluctuations in Human Population Demonstrate Repeated Links to Food Production and Climate}","author":"{Bevan, A. H.}","date":"{2017-10-20}","publisher":"{UCL Institute of Archaeology}","location":"{London, UK}","doi":"{10.14324/000.ds.10025178}","url":"{https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10025178/}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","langid":"{english}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Vermeersch2019","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"EUROEVOL","bibtex_type":"dataset","title":"{The Cultural Evolution of Neolithic Europe. EUROEVOL Dataset}","author":"{Manning, K. and Timpson, A. and Colledge, S. and Crema, E. and Shennan, S.}","date":"{2015-07-09}","url":"{https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1469811/}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{This dataset comprises the primary data collected for the Cultural Evolution of Neolithic Europe project (EUROEVOL), led by Professor Stephen Shennan, UCL. The dataset offers the largest repository of archaeological site and radiocarbon data from Neolithic Europe (4,757 sites and 14,131 radiocarbon samples), dating between the late Mesolithic and Early Bronze Age, as well as the largest collections of archaeobotanical data (>8300 records for 729 different species, genera and families, and the largest collection of animal bone data with >3 million NISP counts and >36,000 biometrics.}","langid":"{english}"}][{"bibtex_key":"RADON","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}","author":"{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}","date":"{2012}","journaltitle":"{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}","volume":"{14}","pages":"{1–4}","url":"{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}","abstract":"{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}"}][{"bibtex_key":"IRDD","bibtex_type":"dataset","title":"{Catalogue of Radiocarbon Determinations & Dendrochronology Dates (August 2019 Release)}","author":"{Chapple, Robert M}","date":"{2019}","publisher":"{Oculus Obscura Press}","location":"{Belfast}","url":"{https://sites.google.com/site/chapplearchaeology/irish-radiocarbon-dendrochronological-dates}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: N999738
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: IRDD
  :bibtex_type: :dataset
  :title: "{Catalogue of Radiocarbon Determinations & Dendrochronology Dates (August
    2019 Release)}"
  :author: "{Chapple, Robert M}"
  :date: "{2019}"
  :publisher: "{Oculus Obscura Press}"
  :location: "{Belfast}"
  :url: "{https://sites.google.com/site/chapplearchaeology/irish-radiocarbon-dendrochronological-dates}"
---
:bibtex_key: Larsson 2019
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Whittle et al. 2011b
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Whittle et al. 2011
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Whittle et al. 2011; O'Kelly 1969; O'Kelly 1972
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: O'Kelly 1969; Whittle et al. 2011
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: O'Kelly 1982, 230; O'Kelly 1989, 351; Waddell 2000, 104; Bergh 1995,
  106; van Wijngaarden-Bakker 1974, 315; Cooney, Bayliss, Healy, Whittle, Danaher,
  Cagney, Mallory, Smyth, Kador & O'Sullivan 2011, 636
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: O'Kelly 1982, 230; O'Kelly 1989, 351; Waddell 2000, 104; Bergh 1995,
  106; Lavell 1971, 3E.2; van Wijngaarden-Bakker 1974, 315; Cooney, Bayliss, Healy,
  Whittle, Danaher, Cagney, Mallory, Smyth, Kador & O'Sullivan 2011, 639; Lynch et
  al. 2014, 48
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: O'Kelly 1982, 230; O'Kelly 1989, 351;Waddell 2000, 104; Bergh 1995, 106;
  Cooney, Bayliss, Healy, Whittle, Danaher, Cagney, Mallory, Smyth, Kador & O'Sullivan
  2011, 639; Lynch et al. 2014, 48
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: O'Kelly 1982, 230; Bergh 1995, 106; Lavell 1971, 3E.3; van Wijngaarden-Bakker
  1974, 315; Cooney, Bayliss, Healy, Whittle, Danaher, Cagney, Mallory, Smyth, Kador
  & O'Sullivan 2011, 639; Waddell 2000, 105; Lynch et al. 2014, 48
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: O'Kelly 1982, 230; Smith, Pearson & Pilcher 1971b, 452; Lavell 1971,
  3E.3; Cooney, Bayliss, Healy, Whittle, Danaher, Cagney, Mallory, Smyth, Kador &
  O'Sullivan 2011, 639
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: O'Kelly 1982, 230
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: O'Kelly 1982, 230; O'Kelly 1989, 351
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Smith, Pearson & Pilcher 1971b, 452; Lavell 1971, 3E.2
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Cooney, Bayliss, Healy, Whittle, Danaher, Cagney, Mallory, Smyth, Kador
  & O'Sullivan 2011, 639
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bendrey et al. 2013, 3, 4
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lynch et al. 2014, 48
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: EUROEVOL
  :bibtex_type: :dataset
  :title: "{The Cultural Evolution of Neolithic Europe. EUROEVOL Dataset}"
  :author: "{Manning, K. and Timpson, A. and Colledge, S. and Crema, E. and Shennan,
    S.}"
  :date: "{2015-07-09}"
  :url: "{https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1469811/}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :abstract: "{This dataset comprises the primary data collected for the Cultural
    Evolution of Neolithic Europe project (EUROEVOL), led by Professor Stephen Shennan,
    UCL. The dataset offers the largest repository of archaeological site and radiocarbon
    data from Neolithic Europe (4,757 sites and 14,131 radiocarbon samples), dating
    between the late Mesolithic and Early Bronze Age, as well as the largest collections
    of archaeobotanical data (>8300 records for 729 different species, genera and
    families, and the largest collection of animal bone data with >3 million NISP
    counts and >36,000 biometrics.}"
  :langid: "{english}"
---
- :bibtex_key: Bevan2017
  :bibtex_type: :dataset
  :title: "{Radiocarbon Dataset and Analysis from Bevan, A., Colledge, S., Fuller,
    D., Fyfe, R., Shennan, S. and C. Stevens 2017. Holocene Fluctuations in Human
    Population Demonstrate Repeated Links to Food Production and Climate}"
  :author: "{Bevan, A. H.}"
  :date: "{2017-10-20}"
  :publisher: "{UCL Institute of Archaeology}"
  :location: "{London, UK}"
  :doi: "{10.14324/000.ds.10025178}"
  :url: "{https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10025178/}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :langid: "{english}"
---
:bibtex_key: Vermeersch2019
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: EUROEVOL
  :bibtex_type: :dataset
  :title: "{The Cultural Evolution of Neolithic Europe. EUROEVOL Dataset}"
  :author: "{Manning, K. and Timpson, A. and Colledge, S. and Crema, E. and Shennan,
    S.}"
  :date: "{2015-07-09}"
  :url: "{https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1469811/}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :abstract: "{This dataset comprises the primary data collected for the Cultural
    Evolution of Neolithic Europe project (EUROEVOL), led by Professor Stephen Shennan,
    UCL. The dataset offers the largest repository of archaeological site and radiocarbon
    data from Neolithic Europe (4,757 sites and 14,131 radiocarbon samples), dating
    between the late Mesolithic and Early Bronze Age, as well as the largest collections
    of archaeobotanical data (>8300 records for 729 different species, genera and
    families, and the largest collection of animal bone data with >3 million NISP
    counts and >36,000 biometrics.}"
  :langid: "{english}"
---
- :bibtex_key: RADON
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C
    Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}"
  :author: "{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian,
    Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}"
  :date: "{2012}"
  :journaltitle: "{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}"
  :volume: "{14}"
  :pages: "{1–4}"
  :url: "{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}"
  :abstract: "{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific
    dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently
    of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller
    2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy,
    still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level,
    it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and
    that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as
    sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates,
    but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate
    results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e.
    g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This
    approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which
    we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has
    been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C
    data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia –
    is collected and successively augmented.}"
---
- :bibtex_key: IRDD
  :bibtex_type: :dataset
  :title: "{Catalogue of Radiocarbon Determinations & Dendrochronology Dates (August
    2019 Release)}"
  :author: "{Chapple, Robert M}"
  :date: "{2019}"
  :publisher: "{Oculus Obscura Press}"
  :location: "{Belfast}"
  :url: "{https://sites.google.com/site/chapplearchaeology/irish-radiocarbon-dendrochronological-dates}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

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