Site types
Shelter and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
044.967° N, 000.933° E
Coordinates (DMS)
044° 58' 00" E, 000° 55' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
France (FR)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (89)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Gif-4584ter habitat NA NA 14C 36000±0 BP 41119–41090 cal BP Delibrias et al. 1986 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Gif-4279 habitat bone NA 14C 35000±0 BP 40134–40065 cal BP Delibrias et al. 1986 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Gif-4584 habitat bone NA 14C 35000±0 BP 40134–40065 cal BP Delibrias et al. 1986 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
GrN-5751 habitat NA NA 14C 33220±570 BP 39342–36510 cal BP Rigaud 2000 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Gif-4277 habitat bone NA 14C 31300±300 BP 36257–35140 cal BP Delibrias et al. 1986 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Gif-4278 habitat bone NA 14C 31250±0 BP 35575–35527 cal BP Delibrias et al. 1986 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
GrN-5750 habitat NA NA 14C 30970±395 BP 36100–34614 cal BP Delibrias 1984 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-405 habitat bone NA AMS 29000±850 BP 34821–31300 cal BP Gowlett et al. 1986b “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Gif-2427 habitat bone NA 14C 28820±1500 BP 36020–30273 cal BP Delibrias and Evin 1980 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Gif-4271 habitat bone NA 14C 28700±250 BP 33757–32110 cal BP Delibrias et al. 1986 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-409 habitat bone NA AMS 28600±1050 BP 35055–30941 cal BP Gowlett et al. 1986b “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-402 habitat bone NA AMS 27900±770 BP 34068–30780 cal BP Gowlett et al. 1986b “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-403 habitat bone NA AMS 27530±720 BP 33475–30265 cal BP Gowlett et al. 1986b “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Gif-4274 habitat bone NA 14C 27470±280 BP 31880–31100 cal BP Delibrias et al. 1986 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Gif-4275 habitat bone NA 14C 27100±320 BP 31766–30472 cal BP Delibrias et al. 1986 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Gif-4273 habitat bone NA 14C 26750±250 BP 31208–30375 cal BP Delibrias et al. 1986 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-404 habitat bone NA AMS 26250±620 BP 31370–29192 cal BP Gowlett et al. 1986b “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Gif-4266 habitat bone NA 14C 26100±210 BP 30840–30028 cal BP Delibrias et al. 1986 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Gif-4272 habitat bone NA 14C 25500±250 BP 30135–29205 cal BP Delibrias et al. 1986 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Gif-2698 habitat bone NA 14C 24650±550 BP 29965–27805 cal BP Delibrias and Evin 1980 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011

typological date Typological dates (81)

Classification Estimated age References
Middle Paleolithic NA Delibrias et al. 1986
Mousterian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Delibrias et al. 1986
Aurignacian NA NA
Middle Paleolithic NA Delibrias et al. 1986
Mousterian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Rigaud 2000
Aurignacian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Delibrias et al. 1986
Aurignacian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Delibrias et al. 1986
Aurignacian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Delibrias 1984
Aurignacian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Gowlett et al. 1986b
Aurignacian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Delibrias and Evin 1980
Aurignacian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Delibrias et al. 1986
Aurignacian NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{van Noten 1982,
  
}
@misc{de Maret 1985a,
  
}
@misc{Burton & Levy 2001,
  
}
@misc{Delibrias and Evin 1980,
  
}
@misc{Gowlett et al. 1986b,
  
}
@misc{Rigaud 2000,
  
}
@misc{Delibrias et al. 1986,
  
}
@misc{Delibrias 1984,
  
}
@misc{CALPAL,
  
}
@article{Vermeersch2020,
  title = {Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included},
  author = {Vermeersch, Pierre M},
  year = {2020},
  month = {aug},
  journal = {Data Brief},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {105793},
  issn = {2352-3409},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793},
  abstract = {At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.},
  month_numeric = {8}
}
@misc{https://sites.google.com/ehu.eus/c14peninsulaiberica/dataciones-14,
  
}
@misc{Cannon 1991;  Nelson and Hobson 1982;  Rutherford et al. 1984;  Chisholm 1986;  Hobson and Nelson 1984;  Cannon et al. 1999;  Carlson 1991 1996,
  
}
@misc{Radiocarbon 1966 86,
  
}
@misc{Banadora. Delibrias G.  1968. Radiocarbon 28: 9-68.,
  
}
@misc{Delibrias G.  1968. Radiocarbon 28: 9-68. Collins C.M. 2012. PhD University of Sheffield.,
  
}
@misc{Delibrias G.  1990. In: Paleolithique moyen recent et Paleolithique superieur ancien en Europe. Memoires du Musee de Prehist. d'Ile-de-France 3:39-42. Delibrias G.  1968. Radiocarbon 28: 9-68. Collins C.M. 2012. PhD University of Sheffield.,
  
}
@misc{Banadora. Delibrias G.  1968. Radiocarbon 28: 9-68. Collins C.M. 2012. PhD University of Sheffield.,
  
}
@misc{Cardoso 1993.Raposo L & Carcoso J.L. 1998. Trabajos de Prehistoria 55: 39-62. Bicho N.F. 1999. The Portugese Paleolithic Occupation and Environment during Isotopic Stages 2 & 3. Eraul 90: 43-55. Zilhao  QuartÔøΩr 58 (2011),
  
}
@misc{Delibrias G.  1990. In: Paleolithique moyen recent et Paleolithique superieur ancien en Europe. Memoires du Musee de Prehist. d'Ile-de-France 3:39-42.,
  
}
@misc{Delibrias G.  1968. Radiocarbon 28: 9-68.,
  
}
@misc{Djindjian F.  1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Collin,
  
}
@misc{Delibrias G.  1990. In: Paleolithique moyen recent et Paleolithique superieur ancien en Europe. Memoires du Musee de Prehist. d'Ile-de-France 3:39-42. Delibrias G.  1968. Radiocarbon 28: 9-68.,
  
}
@misc{Higham T.F.G.  2006a. Radiocarbon 48(2): 179-95. Delibrias G.  1968. Radiocarbon 28: 9-68.,
  
}
@misc{Radiocarbon 28: 18.  Archaeology: Delporte H. 1984 Etudes Quaternaires Memoire No. 7) 1976 (UISPP Field Guide A4: 88-91); Peyrony D. 1934  Delibrias G.  1968. Radiocarbon 28: 9-68.(Prehistoire 3: 1-92).,
  
}
@misc{Paquereau M. M. 1978. Quaternaria XX : 123-164. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309. Delibrias G.  1968. Radiocarbon 28: 9-68.,
  
}
@misc{Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149.,
  
}
@misc{Bertran P.  2008 QSR 27: 2048-2063,
  
}
@misc{Or: 36530 +/-720 BP: OxA datelist 24: 457.  Fortea Perez J. 1996 (UISPP Forli 1996 Commission Paleolithique Superieur bilan 1991-1996;,
  
}
@misc{Guerin G.  2015. JAS ip,
  
}
@misc{Guerin G.  2015. JAS  ip,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@article{dErricoEtAl2011,
  title = {PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database},
  author = {},
  date = {2011},
  journaltitle = {PaleoAnthropology},
  volume = {2011},
  pages = {1–12},
  abstract = {Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.},
  keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}
}
{"bibtex_key":"van Noten 1982","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"de Maret 1985a","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Burton & Levy 2001","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Delibrias and Evin 1980","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gowlett et al. 1986b","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Rigaud 2000","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Delibrias et al. 1986","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Delibrias 1984","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CALPAL","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"Vermeersch2020","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}","author":"{Vermeersch, Pierre M}","year":"{2020}","month":"{aug}","journal":"{Data Brief}","volume":"{31}","pages":"{105793}","issn":"{2352-3409}","doi":"{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}","abstract":"{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a \"cultural\" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in \"My Places\". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.}","month_numeric":"{8}"}]{"bibtex_key":"https://sites.google.com/ehu.eus/c14peninsulaiberica/dataciones-14","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Cannon 1991;  Nelson and Hobson 1982;  Rutherford et al. 1984;  Chisholm 1986;  Hobson and Nelson 1984;  Cannon et al. 1999;  Carlson 1991 1996","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Radiocarbon 1966 86","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Banadora. Delibrias G.  1968. Radiocarbon 28: 9-68.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Delibrias G.  1968. Radiocarbon 28: 9-68. Collins C.M. 2012. PhD University of Sheffield.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Delibrias G.  1990. In: Paleolithique moyen recent et Paleolithique superieur ancien en Europe. Memoires du Musee de Prehist. d'Ile-de-France 3:39-42. Delibrias G.  1968. Radiocarbon 28: 9-68. Collins C.M. 2012. PhD University of Sheffield.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Banadora. Delibrias G.  1968. Radiocarbon 28: 9-68. Collins C.M. 2012. PhD University of Sheffield.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Cardoso 1993.Raposo L & Carcoso J.L. 1998. Trabajos de Prehistoria 55: 39-62. Bicho N.F. 1999. The Portugese Paleolithic Occupation and Environment during Isotopic Stages 2 & 3. Eraul 90: 43-55. Zilhao  QuartÔøΩr 58 (2011)","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Delibrias G.  1990. In: Paleolithique moyen recent et Paleolithique superieur ancien en Europe. Memoires du Musee de Prehist. d'Ile-de-France 3:39-42.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Delibrias G.  1968. Radiocarbon 28: 9-68.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Djindjian F.  1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Collin","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Delibrias G.  1990. In: Paleolithique moyen recent et Paleolithique superieur ancien en Europe. Memoires du Musee de Prehist. d'Ile-de-France 3:39-42. Delibrias G.  1968. Radiocarbon 28: 9-68.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Higham T.F.G.  2006a. Radiocarbon 48(2): 179-95. Delibrias G.  1968. Radiocarbon 28: 9-68.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Radiocarbon 28: 18.  Archaeology: Delporte H. 1984 Etudes Quaternaires Memoire No. 7) 1976 (UISPP Field Guide A4: 88-91); Peyrony D. 1934  Delibrias G.  1968. Radiocarbon 28: 9-68.(Prehistoire 3: 1-92).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Paquereau M. M. 1978. Quaternaria XX : 123-164. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309. Delibrias G.  1968. Radiocarbon 28: 9-68.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bertran P.  2008 QSR 27: 2048-2063","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Or: 36530 +/-720 BP: OxA datelist 24: 457.  Fortea Perez J. 1996 (UISPP Forli 1996 Commission Paleolithique Superieur bilan 1991-1996;","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Guerin G.  2015. JAS ip","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Guerin G.  2015. JAS  ip","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"dErricoEtAl2011","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}","author":"{}","date":"{2011}","journaltitle":"{PaleoAnthropology}","volume":"{2011}","pages":"{1–12}","abstract":"{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.}","keywords":"{⛔ No DOI found}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: van Noten 1982
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: de Maret 1985a
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Burton & Levy 2001
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Delibrias and Evin 1980
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gowlett et al. 1986b
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Rigaud 2000
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Delibrias et al. 1986
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Delibrias 1984
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CALPAL
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: Vermeersch2020
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset
    of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}"
  :author: "{Vermeersch, Pierre M}"
  :year: "{2020}"
  :month: "{aug}"
  :journal: "{Data Brief}"
  :volume: "{31}"
  :pages: "{105793}"
  :issn: "{2352-3409}"
  :doi: "{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}"
  :abstract: '{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late
    Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations,
    was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie
    humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation
    of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes
    Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental
    conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites
    with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available
    radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We
    try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind
    of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated
    with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian
    Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates
    are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic,
    sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database.
    For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft
    Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites
    with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is
    available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file
    open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version
    27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most
    of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data:
    Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U
    and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates
    are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version
    26.}'
  :month_numeric: "{8}"
---
:bibtex_key: https://sites.google.com/ehu.eus/c14peninsulaiberica/dataciones-14
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Cannon 1991;  Nelson and Hobson 1982;  Rutherford et al. 1984;  Chisholm
  1986;  Hobson and Nelson 1984;  Cannon et al. 1999;  Carlson 1991 1996
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Radiocarbon 1966 86
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Banadora. Delibrias G.  1968. Radiocarbon 28: 9-68.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Delibrias G.  1968. Radiocarbon 28: 9-68. Collins C.M. 2012. PhD University
  of Sheffield.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Delibrias G.  1990. In: Paleolithique moyen recent et Paleolithique
  superieur ancien en Europe. Memoires du Musee de Prehist. d''Ile-de-France 3:39-42.
  Delibrias G.  1968. Radiocarbon 28: 9-68. Collins C.M. 2012. PhD University of Sheffield.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Banadora. Delibrias G.  1968. Radiocarbon 28: 9-68. Collins C.M. 2012.
  PhD University of Sheffield.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Cardoso 1993.Raposo L & Carcoso J.L. 1998. Trabajos de Prehistoria 55:
  39-62. Bicho N.F. 1999. The Portugese Paleolithic Occupation and Environment during
  Isotopic Stages 2 & 3. Eraul 90: 43-55. Zilhao  QuartÔøΩr 58 (2011)'
:bibtex_type: :misc
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---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: dErricoEtAl2011
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}"
  :author: "{}"
  :date: "{2011}"
  :journaltitle: "{PaleoAnthropology}"
  :volume: "{2011}"
  :pages: "{1–12}"
  :abstract: "{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic
    and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper
    we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon
    ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene
    in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C
    age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine
    Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820,
    AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive
    contextual information on the dated samples.}"
  :keywords: "{⛔ No DOI found}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"

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