Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
005.167° S, 014.008° E
Coordinates (DMS)
005° 10' 00" E, 014° 00' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the (COD)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (15)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Lv-1468 20 Charcoal_endocarp_elaeis NA NA 1850±50 BP de Maret 1986: 125; de Maret 1990: 450 Tab. 1; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2, Tab. 18.3; Clist et al. 2019: 15
Lv-1469 42 Charcoal_endocarp_elaeis NA NA 1780±50 BP de Maret 1986: 125; de Maret 1990: 450 Tab. 1; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2, Tab. 18.3; Clist et al. 2019: 15
Lv-1470 12 Charcoal_endocarp_elaeis NA NA 1900±50 BP Gosselain 1988; de Maret 1990: 450 Tab. 1; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2, Tab. 18.3; Garcin et al. 2018
Lv-1471 - Charcoal_endocarp_elaeis NA NA 2110±55 BP de Maret 1986; de Maret 1990: 450 Tab. 1; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2, Tab. 18.3, Tab. 10
Lv-1697 - Charcoal_endocarp_elaeis NA NA 2290±50 BP Gosselain 1988; de Maret 1990: 450 Tab. 1; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2, Tab. 18.3, Tab. 10; Garcin et al. 2018
Lv-1698 24 Charcoal_endocarp_elaeis NA NA 3510±55 BP Gosselain 1988; de Maret 1990: 450 Tab. 1; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2, Tab. 18.3; Garcin et al. 2018
Lv-1699 - Charcoal_endocarp_elaeis NA NA 2120±65 BP Gosselain 1988; de Maret 1990: 450 Tab. 1; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2, Tab. 18.3, Tab. 10; Garcin et al. 2018
Hv-1698 NA NA 3515±55 BP Clist 2004/05 Bird et al. 2022
Lv-1468 Elaeis guineensis/Charcoal NA NA 1850±50 BP Eggert 1993 Bird et al. 2022
Lv-1469 NA NA 1780±50 BP De Maret P. 1986. The Ngovo group : an industry with polished stone tools and pottery in lower Zaïre The African Archaeological Review 4: 103-133. Bird et al. 2022
Lv-1470 NA NA 1900±50 BP De Maret P. 1990. Le Néolithique et l'âge du fer ancien dans le Sud-Ouest de l'Afrique centrale In: Lanfranchi R Schwartz D editors. Paysages quaternaires de l'Afrique Centrale Atlantique ORSTOM Paris p 447-457ORSTOM Paris p 447-457. Bird et al. 2022
Lv-1471 Elaeis guineensis/Charcoal NA NA 2110±55 BP de Maret 1990; Garcin et al. 2018; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2 Tab. 18.3 Bird et al. 2022
Lv-1697 NA NA 2290±50 BP De Maret P. 1990. Le Néolithique et l'âge du fer ancien dans le Sud-Ouest de l'Afrique centrale In: Lanfranchi R Schwartz D editors. Paysages quaternaires de l'Afrique Centrale Atlantique ORSTOM Paris p 447-457ORSTOM Paris p 447-457. Bird et al. 2022
Lv-1698 NA NA 3510±55 BP De Maret P. 1990. Le Néolithique et l'âge du fer ancien dans le Sud-Ouest de l'Afrique centrale In: Lanfranchi R Schwartz D editors. Paysages quaternaires de l'Afrique Centrale Atlantique ORSTOM Paris p 447-457ORSTOM Paris p 447-457. Bird et al. 2022
Lv-1699 mixture of wood charcoal and oil palm endocarp NA NA 2120±65 BP De Maret P. 1990. Le Néolithique et l'âge du fer ancien dans le Sud-Ouest de l'Afrique centrale In: Lanfranchi R Schwartz D editors. Paysages quaternaires de l'Afrique Centrale Atlantique ORSTOM Paris p 447-457ORSTOM Paris p 447-457. Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (4)

Classification Estimated age References
- NA de Maret 1986; de Maret 1990: 450 Tab. 1; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2, Tab. 18.3, Tab. 10
- NA Gosselain 1988; de Maret 1990: 450 Tab. 1; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2, Tab. 18.3, Tab. 10; Garcin et al. 2018
- NA Gosselain 1988; de Maret 1990: 450 Tab. 1; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2, Tab. 18.3; Garcin et al. 2018
- NA Gosselain 1988; de Maret 1990: 450 Tab. 1; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2, Tab. 18.3, Tab. 10; Garcin et al. 2018

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{de Maret 1986: 125; de Maret 1990: 450 Tab. 1; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2, Tab. 18.3; Clist et al. 2019: 15,
  
}
@misc{Gosselain 1988; de Maret 1990: 450 Tab. 1; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2, Tab. 18.3; Garcin et al. 2018,
  
}
@misc{de Maret 1986; de Maret 1990: 450 Tab. 1; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2, Tab. 18.3, Tab. 10,
  
}
@misc{Gosselain 1988; de Maret 1990: 450 Tab. 1; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2, Tab. 18.3, Tab. 10; Garcin et al. 2018,
  
}
@misc{Clist 2004/05,
  
}
@misc{Eggert 1993,
  
}
@misc{De Maret P. 1986. The Ngovo group : an industry with polished stone tools and pottery in lower Zaïre The African Archaeological Review 4: 103-133.,
  
}
@misc{De Maret P. 1990. Le Néolithique et l'âge du fer ancien dans le Sud-Ouest de l'Afrique centrale In: Lanfranchi R Schwartz D editors. Paysages quaternaires de l'Afrique Centrale Atlantique ORSTOM Paris p 447-457ORSTOM Paris p 447-457.,
  
}
@misc{de Maret 1990; Garcin et al. 2018; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2 Tab. 18.3,
  
}
@misc{aDRAC,
  url = {https://github.com/dirkseidensticker/aDRAC},
  note = {Seidensticker, D. & W. Hubau (2021), ’aDRAC. Archive des datations radiocarbones d’Afrique centrale’, Version 2.0. https://github.com/dirkseidensticker/aDRAC}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"de Maret 1986: 125; de Maret 1990: 450 Tab. 1; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2, Tab. 18.3; Clist et al. 2019: 15","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gosselain 1988; de Maret 1990: 450 Tab. 1; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2, Tab. 18.3; Garcin et al. 2018","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"de Maret 1986; de Maret 1990: 450 Tab. 1; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2, Tab. 18.3, Tab. 10","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gosselain 1988; de Maret 1990: 450 Tab. 1; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2, Tab. 18.3, Tab. 10; Garcin et al. 2018","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Clist 2004/05","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Eggert 1993","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"De Maret P. 1986. The Ngovo group : an industry with polished stone tools and pottery in lower Zaïre The African Archaeological Review 4: 103-133.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"De Maret P. 1990. Le Néolithique et l'âge du fer ancien dans le Sud-Ouest de l'Afrique centrale In: Lanfranchi R Schwartz D editors. Paysages quaternaires de l'Afrique Centrale Atlantique ORSTOM Paris p 447-457ORSTOM Paris p 447-457.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"de Maret 1990; Garcin et al. 2018; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2 Tab. 18.3","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"aDRAC","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/dirkseidensticker/aDRAC}","note":"{Seidensticker, D. & W. Hubau (2021), ’aDRAC. Archive des datations radiocarbones d’Afrique centrale’, Version 2.0. https://github.com/dirkseidensticker/aDRAC}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: 'de Maret 1986: 125; de Maret 1990: 450 Tab. 1; Clist 2018: 239 Tab.
  18.2, Tab. 18.3; Clist et al. 2019: 15'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Gosselain 1988; de Maret 1990: 450 Tab. 1; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2,
  Tab. 18.3; Garcin et al. 2018'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'de Maret 1986; de Maret 1990: 450 Tab. 1; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2,
  Tab. 18.3, Tab. 10'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Gosselain 1988; de Maret 1990: 450 Tab. 1; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2,
  Tab. 18.3, Tab. 10; Garcin et al. 2018'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Clist 2004/05
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Eggert 1993
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'De Maret P. 1986. The Ngovo group : an industry with polished stone
  tools and pottery in lower Zaïre The African Archaeological Review 4: 103-133.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'De Maret P. 1990. Le Néolithique et l''âge du fer ancien dans le Sud-Ouest
  de l''Afrique centrale In: Lanfranchi R Schwartz D editors. Paysages quaternaires
  de l''Afrique Centrale Atlantique ORSTOM Paris p 447-457ORSTOM Paris p 447-457.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'de Maret 1990; Garcin et al. 2018; Clist 2018: 239 Tab. 18.2 Tab. 18.3'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: aDRAC
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/dirkseidensticker/aDRAC}"
  :note: "{Seidensticker, D. & W. Hubau (2021), ’aDRAC. Archive des datations radiocarbones
    d’Afrique centrale’, Version 2.0. https://github.com/dirkseidensticker/aDRAC}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog