Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
022.217° S, 029.383° E
Coordinates (DMS)
022° 13' 00" E, 029° 22' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (17)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Pta-010 NA bone NA NA 100±50 BP 276–8 cal BP Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394 Bird et al. 2022
Pta-0304 NA charcoal NA NA 880±40 BP 909–693 cal BP Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-0305 NA charcoal NA NA 890±50 BP 916–695 cal BP Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-0306 NA charcoal NA NA 850±50 BP 905–675 cal BP Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-0307 NA charcoal NA NA 930±45 BP 921–737 cal BP Pienaar M. 2007. Dating the stone age at Rose Cottage Cave South Africa - An exercise in optically dating cave sediments. MA dissertation University of Pretoria Bird et al. 2022
Pta-1157 NA plant remains NA NA 950±40 BP 929–746 cal BP Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-1214 NA charcoal NA NA 980±40 BP 956–792 cal BP Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-1215 NA charcoal NA NA 970±50 BP 958–745 cal BP Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-1226 NA charcoal NA NA 950±50 BP 953–737 cal BP Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117 Bird et al. 2022
Pta-2051 NA bone NA NA 970±40 BP 956–786 cal BP Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80 Bird et al. 2022
Pta-6064 NA bone NA NA 880±50 BP 911–690 cal BP Mitchell P.J. 1996. The late Quaternary of the Lesotho Highlands southern Africa: Preliminary results and future potential of ongoing research at Sehonghong shelter.Quaternary International33 pp.35-43. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-6073 NA bone NA NA 920±50 BP 920–732 cal BP Mitchell P.J. 1996. The late Quaternary of the Lesotho Highlands southern Africa: Preliminary results and future potential of ongoing research at Sehonghong shelter.Quaternary International33 pp.35-43. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-6080 NA bone NA NA 940±50 BP 927–735 cal BP Mitchell P.J. 1996. The late Quaternary of the Lesotho Highlands southern Africa: Preliminary results and future potential of ongoing research at Sehonghong shelter.Quaternary International33 pp.35-43. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-6097 NA bone NA NA 120±60 BP 280–170 cal BP Webley L. 1997. Jakkalsberg A and B: the cultural material from two pastoralist sites in the Richtersveld Northern Cape. Southern African Field Archaeology 6: 3–19. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-6570 NA bone NA NA 760±50 BP 775–567 cal BP Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-6576 NA bone NA NA 1010±50 BP 1053–788 cal BP Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-6680 NA bone NA NA 1250±40 BP 1278–1072 cal BP Pistorius J.C. 1995. Radio-carbon dates from the Mabyanamatshwaana complex.South African Journal of Ethnology18(3) pp.123-127. Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (0)

Classification Estimated age References

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references 

@misc{Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394,
  
}
@misc{Pienaar M. 2007. Dating the stone age at Rose Cottage Cave South Africa - An exercise in optically dating cave sediments. MA dissertation University of Pretoria,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80,
  
}
@misc{Webley L. 1997. Jakkalsberg A and B: the cultural material from two pastoralist sites in the Richtersveld Northern Cape. Southern African Field Archaeology 6: 3–19.,
  
}
@misc{Mitchell P.J. 1996. The late Quaternary of the Lesotho Highlands southern Africa: Preliminary results and future potential of ongoing research at Sehonghong shelter.Quaternary International33 pp.35-43.,
  
}
@misc{Pistorius J.C. 1995. Radio-carbon dates from the Mabyanamatshwaana complex.South African Journal of Ethnology18(3) pp.123-127.,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

{"bibtex_key":"Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Pienaar M. 2007. Dating the stone age at Rose Cottage Cave South Africa - An exercise in optically dating cave sediments. MA dissertation University of Pretoria","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Webley L. 1997. Jakkalsberg A and B: the cultural material from two pastoralist sites in the Richtersveld Northern Cape. Southern African Field Archaeology 6: 3–19.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mitchell P.J. 1996. The late Quaternary of the Lesotho Highlands southern Africa: Preliminary results and future potential of ongoing research at Sehonghong shelter.Quaternary International33 pp.35-43.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Pistorius J.C. 1995. Radio-carbon dates from the Mabyanamatshwaana complex.South African Journal of Ethnology18(3) pp.123-127.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo
  Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III.
  Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon
  13: 378-394'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Pienaar M. 2007. Dating the stone age at Rose Cottage Cave South Africa
  - An exercise in optically dating cave sediments. MA dissertation University of
  Pretoria
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon
  23: 43-80'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Webley L. 1997. Jakkalsberg A and B: the cultural material from two
  pastoralist sites in the Richtersveld Northern Cape. Southern African Field Archaeology
  6: 3–19.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mitchell P.J. 1996. The late Quaternary of the Lesotho Highlands southern
  Africa: Preliminary results and future potential of ongoing research at Sehonghong
  shelter.Quaternary International33 pp.35-43.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Pistorius J.C. 1995. Radio-carbon dates from the Mabyanamatshwaana complex.South
  African Journal of Ethnology18(3) pp.123-127.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog