Site type

Location

200 m
Leaflet Tiles © Esri — Source: Esri, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, GeoEye, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, UPR-EGP, and the GIS User Community
Coordinates (degrees)
029.833° N, 031.133° E
Coordinates (DMS)
029° 49' 00" E, 031° 07' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Egypt (EG)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (313)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
A-219 wood Acacia 14C 4240±150 BP 5285–4418 cal BP Damon and Long 1962, 248 Weninger 2022
BM-1370 reed NA 14C 3032±57 BP 3370–3069 cal BP RC24(1982)161 Weninger 2022
BM-1641 charcoal NA 14C 2910±40 BP 3171–2940 cal BP RC24(1982)161 Weninger 2022
BM-231 mat NA 14C 4270±65 BP 5035–4581 cal BP Barker et al. 1969, 281 Weninger 2022
BM-319 wood NA 14C 4225±60 BP 4874–4533 cal BP Berger and Libby 1967, 493 Weninger 2022
BM-320 wood NA 14C 4206±80 BP 4958–4449 cal BP Barker ea. 1971 Weninger 2022
BM-321 wood NA 14C 4496±80 BP 5431–4874 cal BP Barker ea. 1969 Weninger 2022
BM-322 wood NA 14C 4349±70 BP 5280–4734 cal BP Barker ea. 1971 Weninger 2022
BM-323 wood NA 14C 4342±70 BP 5280–4727 cal BP Barker ea. 1971 Weninger 2022
BM-508 organic fibre 14C 4106±50 BP 4824–4445 cal BP Agrawal and Kusumgar 1975, 221 Weninger 2022
C-267 wood NA 14C 4883±200 BP 6173–5046 cal BP Weninger 2022
OxA-147 NA 14C 4120±150 BP 5040–4155 cal BP Housley 1994, 56 Weninger 2022
OxA-17850 seed/fruit Scorpiurus muricatus 14C 4084±32 BP 4805–4444 cal BP Bronk-Ramsey 2010 Weninger 2022
OxA-18052 plant Cyperus 14C 2421±28 BP 2690–2353 cal BP Bronk-Ramsey 2010 Weninger 2022
OxA-18053 seed/fruit Lathyus hirsutus 14C 4108±30 BP 4814–4522 cal BP Bronk-Ramsey 2010 Weninger 2022
OxA-18406 plant Lolium temulentum 14C 4135±30 BP 4821–4532 cal BP Bronk-Ramsey 2010 Weninger 2022
OxA-18500 seed/fruit Vicia lutea 14C 4177±28 BP 4833–4617 cal BP Bronk-Ramsey 2010 Weninger 2022
OxA-18553 textile NA 14C 3979±29 BP 4523–4407 cal BP Bronk-Ramsey 2010 Weninger 2022
OxA-18957 plant Triticum 14C 4145±32 BP 4825–4572 cal BP Bronk-Ramsey 2010 Weninger 2022
OxA-19005 plant Triticum 14C 4168±27 BP 4829–4585 cal BP Bronk-Ramsey 2010 Weninger 2022

typological date Typological dates (407)

Classification Estimated age References
Dynasty 20 NA NA
Dynastic NA NA
Dynasty 5 NA NA
Dynastic NA NA
Dynasty 5 NA NA
Dynastic NA NA
Dynasty 5 NA NA
Dynastic NA NA
Dynasty 5 NA NA
Dynastic NA NA
Dynasty 6 NA NA
Dynastic NA NA
Dynasty 5 NA NA
Dynastic NA NA
Dynasty 6 NA NA
Dynastic NA NA
Dynasty 6 NA NA
Dynastic NA NA
Dynasty 6 NA NA
Dynastic NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{Damon and Long 1962, 248,
  
}
@misc{RC24(1982)161,
  
}
@misc{Barker et al. 1969, 281,
  
}
@misc{Berger and Libby 1967, 493,
  
}
@misc{Barker ea. 1971,
  
}
@misc{Barker ea. 1969,
  
}
@misc{Agrawal and Kusumgar 1975, 221,
  
}
@misc{Housley 1994, 56,
  
}
@misc{Bronk-Ramsey 2010,
  
}
@misc{RC13(1971)162,
  
}
@misc{RC27(1985)340,
  
}
@misc{RC 22 (1980) 1063,
  
}
@misc{RC19(1977)201,
  
}
@misc{Olsson(1979)604,
  
}
@misc{RC19(1977)198,
  
}
@misc{RC19(1977)199,
  
}
@misc{RC19(1979)200,
  
}
@misc{Olsson(1979)605,
  
}
@misc{RC19(1977)200,
  
}
@misc{RC 1(1959) 47,
  
}
@misc{Olsson(1979)611,
  
}
@misc{Berger(1970)28,
  
}
@misc{RC19(1977)49,
  
}
@misc{Barker & Mackey 1959,
  
}
@misc{RC13(1971)165,
  
}
@misc{RC19(1977)149,
  
}
@misc{de Vries & Waterbolk 1958b,
  
}
@misc{de Vries & Waterbolk 1958a,
  
}
@misc{Suess 1967,
  
}
@misc{Ralph 1959,
  
}
@misc{Mellaart 1979,
  
}
@misc{Berger & Libby 1967,
  
}
@misc{Gillespie et al. 1984,
  
}
@misc{CALPAL; Vermeersch2019,
  
}
@misc{CALPAL; MedAfriCarbon,
  
}
@misc{CALPAL,
  
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@dataset{RADON-B,
  title = {RADON-B – Radiocarbon Dates Online (Version 2014).  Database for European 14C Dates for the Bronze and Early Iron Age},
  author = {Kneisel, Jutta and Hinz, Martin and Rinne, Christophe},
  date = {2014},
  url = {https://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de},
  abstract = {The database provides a quick overview of 14C dates from Europe. The time frame was limited to the Bronze and Early Iron Ages and covers the period from 2300 BC to 500 BC. The database can be searched by geographic or chronological factors, but also according to the nature of the sample material, the sites or features. The data and related information were taken from the literature cited in each case, and due to the timing of phases and culture assignment, are subject to change. We therefore assume no responsibility for the accuracy of source data.}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"Damon and Long 1962, 248","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC24(1982)161","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Barker et al. 1969, 281","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Berger and Libby 1967, 493","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Barker ea. 1971","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Barker ea. 1969","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Agrawal and Kusumgar 1975, 221","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Housley 1994, 56","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bronk-Ramsey 2010","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC13(1971)162","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC27(1985)340","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC 22 (1980) 1063","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC19(1977)201","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Olsson(1979)604","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC19(1977)198","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC19(1977)199","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC19(1979)200","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Olsson(1979)605","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC19(1977)200","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC 1(1959) 47","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Olsson(1979)611","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Berger(1970)28","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC19(1977)49","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Barker & Mackey 1959","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC13(1971)165","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC19(1977)149","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"de Vries & Waterbolk 1958b","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"de Vries & Waterbolk 1958a","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Suess 1967","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Ralph 1959","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mellaart 1979","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Berger & Libby 1967","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gillespie et al. 1984","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CALPAL; Vermeersch2019","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CALPAL; MedAfriCarbon","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CALPAL","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"RADON-B","bibtex_type":"dataset","title":"{RADON-B – Radiocarbon Dates Online (Version 2014).  Database for European 14C Dates for the Bronze and Early Iron Age}","author":"{Kneisel, Jutta and Hinz, Martin and Rinne, Christophe}","date":"{2014}","url":"{https://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de}","abstract":"{The database provides a quick overview of 14C dates from Europe. The time frame was limited to the Bronze and Early Iron Ages and covers the period from 2300 BC to 500 BC. The database can be searched by geographic or chronological factors, but also according to the nature of the sample material, the sites or features. The data and related information were taken from the literature cited in each case, and due to the timing of phases and culture assignment, are subject to change. We therefore assume no responsibility for the accuracy of source data.}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Damon and Long 1962, 248
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC24(1982)161
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Barker et al. 1969, 281
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Berger and Libby 1967, 493
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Barker ea. 1971
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Barker ea. 1969
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Agrawal and Kusumgar 1975, 221
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Housley 1994, 56
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bronk-Ramsey 2010
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC13(1971)162
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC27(1985)340
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC 22 (1980) 1063
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC19(1977)201
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Olsson(1979)604
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC19(1977)198
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC19(1977)199
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC19(1979)200
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Olsson(1979)605
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC19(1977)200
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC 1(1959) 47
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Olsson(1979)611
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Berger(1970)28
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC19(1977)49
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Barker & Mackey 1959
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC13(1971)165
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC19(1977)149
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: de Vries & Waterbolk 1958b
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: de Vries & Waterbolk 1958a
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Suess 1967
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Ralph 1959
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Mellaart 1979
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Berger & Libby 1967
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gillespie et al. 1984
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CALPAL; Vermeersch2019
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CALPAL; MedAfriCarbon
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CALPAL
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: RADON-B
  :bibtex_type: :dataset
  :title: "{RADON-B – Radiocarbon Dates Online (Version 2014).  Database for European
    14C Dates for the Bronze and Early Iron Age}"
  :author: "{Kneisel, Jutta and Hinz, Martin and Rinne, Christophe}"
  :date: "{2014}"
  :url: "{https://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de}"
  :abstract: "{The database provides a quick overview of 14C dates from Europe. The
    time frame was limited to the Bronze and Early Iron Ages and covers the period
    from 2300 BC to 500 BC. The database can be searched by geographic or chronological
    factors, but also according to the nature of the sample material, the sites or
    features. The data and related information were taken from the literature cited
    in each case, and due to the timing of phases and culture assignment, are subject
    to change. We therefore assume no responsibility for the accuracy of source data.}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog