Site type

Location

200 m
Leaflet Tiles © Esri — Source: Esri, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, GeoEye, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, UPR-EGP, and the GIS User Community
Coordinates (degrees)
029.833° N, 031.133° E
Coordinates (DMS)
029° 49' 00" E, 031° 07' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Egypt (EG)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (313)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
ETH-4236 charcoal NA 14C 3850±95 BP 4520–3981 cal BP Weninger 2022
ETH-4237 charcoal NA 14C 3750±105 BP 4413–3849 cal BP Weninger 2022
ETH-4238 charcoal NA 14C 3565±136 BP 4236–3488 cal BP Weninger 2022
ETH-4240 charcoal NA 14C 3829±155 BP 4800–3775 cal BP Weninger 2022
Lu-1503 wood NA 14C 2419±55 BP 2705–2346 cal BP RC 22 (1980) 1063 Weninger 2022
Lu-1504 resin NA 14C 3480±55 BP 3885–3581 cal BP RC 22 (1980) 1063 Weninger 2022
Lu-1505 resin NA 14C 3460±55 BP 3870–3570 cal BP RC 22 (1980) 1063 Weninger 2022
P-1698 reed NA 14C 2990±50 BP 3338–3002 cal BP RC19(1977)201 Weninger 2022
P-1699 wood NA 14C 3010±50 BP 3358–3060 cal BP RC19(1977)201 Weninger 2022
P-1730 reed NA 14C 3120±50 BP 3447–3215 cal BP Olsson(1979)604 Weninger 2022
P-1730a reed NA 14C 3210±50 BP 3560–3347 cal BP Olsson(1979)604 Weninger 2022
P-1731 reed NA 14C 3010±60 BP 3361–3004 cal BP RC19(1977)198 Weninger 2022
P-1733 reed NA 14C 2920±50 BP 3212–2889 cal BP RC19(1977)199 Weninger 2022
P-1734 reed NA 14C 3400±60 BP 3828–3482 cal BP RC19(1977)198 Weninger 2022
P-1734A reed NA 14C 3340±50 BP 3690–3455 cal BP RC19(1977)198 Weninger 2022
P-1735 reed NA 14C 3130±40 BP 3447–3238 cal BP RC19(1979)200 Weninger 2022
P-1737 reed NA 14C 3120±50 BP 3447–3215 cal BP Olsson(1979)605 Weninger 2022
P-1737A reed NA 14C 3020±80 BP 3385–2966 cal BP RC19(1977)200 Weninger 2022
P-1738 wood NA 14C 3060±50 BP 3380–3082 cal BP RC19(1977)200 Weninger 2022
P-5 wood NA 14C 3106±280 BP 4083–2543 cal BP RC 1(1959) 47 Weninger 2022

typological date Typological dates (407)

Classification Estimated age References
Dynastic NA Damon and Long 1962, 248
Dynasty 3 NA NA
Dynastic NA RC24(1982)161
Dynasty 18 NA NA
Dynastic NA RC24(1982)161
Dynasty 18 NA NA
Dynastic NA Barker et al. 1969, 281
Dynasty 2 NA NA
Dynastic NA Berger and Libby 1967, 493
Dynasty 1 NA NA
Dynastic NA Barker ea. 1971
Dynasty 1 NA NA
Dynastic NA Barker ea. 1969
Dynasty 1 NA NA
Dynastic NA Barker ea. 1971
Dynasty 1 NA NA
Dynastic NA Barker ea. 1971
Dynasty 1 NA NA
Dynastic NA Agrawal and Kusumgar 1975, 221
Dynasty 3 NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{Damon and Long 1962, 248,
  
}
@misc{RC24(1982)161,
  
}
@misc{Barker et al. 1969, 281,
  
}
@misc{Berger and Libby 1967, 493,
  
}
@misc{Barker ea. 1971,
  
}
@misc{Barker ea. 1969,
  
}
@misc{Agrawal and Kusumgar 1975, 221,
  
}
@misc{Housley 1994, 56,
  
}
@misc{Bronk-Ramsey 2010,
  
}
@misc{RC13(1971)162,
  
}
@misc{RC27(1985)340,
  
}
@misc{RC 22 (1980) 1063,
  
}
@misc{RC19(1977)201,
  
}
@misc{Olsson(1979)604,
  
}
@misc{RC19(1977)198,
  
}
@misc{RC19(1977)199,
  
}
@misc{RC19(1979)200,
  
}
@misc{Olsson(1979)605,
  
}
@misc{RC19(1977)200,
  
}
@misc{RC 1(1959) 47,
  
}
@misc{Olsson(1979)611,
  
}
@misc{Berger(1970)28,
  
}
@misc{RC19(1977)49,
  
}
@misc{Barker & Mackey 1959,
  
}
@misc{RC13(1971)165,
  
}
@misc{RC19(1977)149,
  
}
@misc{de Vries & Waterbolk 1958b,
  
}
@misc{de Vries & Waterbolk 1958a,
  
}
@misc{Suess 1967,
  
}
@misc{Ralph 1959,
  
}
@misc{Mellaart 1979,
  
}
@misc{Berger & Libby 1967,
  
}
@misc{Gillespie et al. 1984,
  
}
@misc{CALPAL; Vermeersch2019,
  
}
@misc{CALPAL; MedAfriCarbon,
  
}
@misc{CALPAL,
  
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@dataset{RADON-B,
  title = {RADON-B – Radiocarbon Dates Online (Version 2014).  Database for European 14C Dates for the Bronze and Early Iron Age},
  author = {Kneisel, Jutta and Hinz, Martin and Rinne, Christophe},
  date = {2014},
  url = {https://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de},
  abstract = {The database provides a quick overview of 14C dates from Europe. The time frame was limited to the Bronze and Early Iron Ages and covers the period from 2300 BC to 500 BC. The database can be searched by geographic or chronological factors, but also according to the nature of the sample material, the sites or features. The data and related information were taken from the literature cited in each case, and due to the timing of phases and culture assignment, are subject to change. We therefore assume no responsibility for the accuracy of source data.}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"Damon and Long 1962, 248","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC24(1982)161","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Barker et al. 1969, 281","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Berger and Libby 1967, 493","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Barker ea. 1971","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Barker ea. 1969","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Agrawal and Kusumgar 1975, 221","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Housley 1994, 56","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bronk-Ramsey 2010","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC13(1971)162","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC27(1985)340","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC 22 (1980) 1063","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC19(1977)201","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Olsson(1979)604","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC19(1977)198","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC19(1977)199","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC19(1979)200","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Olsson(1979)605","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC19(1977)200","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC 1(1959) 47","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Olsson(1979)611","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Berger(1970)28","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC19(1977)49","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Barker & Mackey 1959","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC13(1971)165","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC19(1977)149","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"de Vries & Waterbolk 1958b","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"de Vries & Waterbolk 1958a","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Suess 1967","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Ralph 1959","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mellaart 1979","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Berger & Libby 1967","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gillespie et al. 1984","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CALPAL; Vermeersch2019","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CALPAL; MedAfriCarbon","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CALPAL","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"RADON-B","bibtex_type":"dataset","title":"{RADON-B – Radiocarbon Dates Online (Version 2014).  Database for European 14C Dates for the Bronze and Early Iron Age}","author":"{Kneisel, Jutta and Hinz, Martin and Rinne, Christophe}","date":"{2014}","url":"{https://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de}","abstract":"{The database provides a quick overview of 14C dates from Europe. The time frame was limited to the Bronze and Early Iron Ages and covers the period from 2300 BC to 500 BC. The database can be searched by geographic or chronological factors, but also according to the nature of the sample material, the sites or features. The data and related information were taken from the literature cited in each case, and due to the timing of phases and culture assignment, are subject to change. We therefore assume no responsibility for the accuracy of source data.}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Damon and Long 1962, 248
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC24(1982)161
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Barker et al. 1969, 281
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Berger and Libby 1967, 493
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Barker ea. 1971
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Barker ea. 1969
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Agrawal and Kusumgar 1975, 221
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Housley 1994, 56
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bronk-Ramsey 2010
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC13(1971)162
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC27(1985)340
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC 22 (1980) 1063
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC19(1977)201
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Olsson(1979)604
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC19(1977)198
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC19(1977)199
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC19(1979)200
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Olsson(1979)605
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC19(1977)200
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC 1(1959) 47
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Olsson(1979)611
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Berger(1970)28
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC19(1977)49
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Barker & Mackey 1959
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC13(1971)165
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC19(1977)149
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: de Vries & Waterbolk 1958b
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: de Vries & Waterbolk 1958a
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Suess 1967
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Ralph 1959
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Mellaart 1979
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Berger & Libby 1967
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gillespie et al. 1984
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CALPAL; Vermeersch2019
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CALPAL; MedAfriCarbon
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CALPAL
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: RADON-B
  :bibtex_type: :dataset
  :title: "{RADON-B – Radiocarbon Dates Online (Version 2014).  Database for European
    14C Dates for the Bronze and Early Iron Age}"
  :author: "{Kneisel, Jutta and Hinz, Martin and Rinne, Christophe}"
  :date: "{2014}"
  :url: "{https://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de}"
  :abstract: "{The database provides a quick overview of 14C dates from Europe. The
    time frame was limited to the Bronze and Early Iron Ages and covers the period
    from 2300 BC to 500 BC. The database can be searched by geographic or chronological
    factors, but also according to the nature of the sample material, the sites or
    features. The data and related information were taken from the literature cited
    in each case, and due to the timing of phases and culture assignment, are subject
    to change. We therefore assume no responsibility for the accuracy of source data.}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog