Melkbosstrand burials

Location

Coordinates (degrees): 033.730° S, 018.440° E
Coordinates (DMS): 033° 43' 00" E, 018° 26' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166 ): South Africa (ZA)

Lab ID	Material	Taxon	Method	Uncalibrated age	References
OxA-29568	bone	Homo sapiens	AMS	467±27 BP	Peltenburg 1988 13 Bird et al. 2022
Pta-4401	bone	Homo sapiens	conventional 14C	620±35 BP	SARD Bird et al. 2022
Pta-4813	bone	Homo sapiens	conventional 14C	630±50 BP	Manhire A. 1993. A report on the excavations at Faraoskop Rock Shelter in the Graafwater district of the south-western Cape.Southern African Field Archaeology2 pp.3-23. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-8767	bone	Homo sapiens	conventional 14C	980±50 BP	Sadr K. 2004. Feasting on Kasteelbergà Early herders on the west coast of South Africa.Before Farming2004(3) pp.1-17. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-4736	bone	Homo sapiens	conventional 14C	1110±50 BP	Webley L. 1992. The history and archaeology of pastoralism and hunter-gatherer settlement in the north-western Cape South Africa. Unpublished PhD thesis: University of Cape Town. Bird et al. 2022
Beta-433877	bone	Homo sapiens	AMS	1180±30 BP	Mason Roger D. Mark L. Peterson 1994 Bird et al. 2022
GX-13182	bone	Homo sapiens	AMS	1440±70 BP	Dincauze 1971 1977 Bird et al. 2022
OxA-29566	bone	Homo sapiens	AMS	1530±28 BP	Pfeiffer S. Sealy J. Harrington L. Loftus E. and Maggs T. 2020. A Late Holocene community burial area: Evidence of diverse mortuary practices in the Western Cape South Africa.Plos one15(4) p.e0230391. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-2056-43	bone	Homo sapiens	AMS	1815±29 BP	Pfeiffer S. Sealy J. Harrington L. Loftus E. and Maggs T. 2020. A Late Holocene community burial area: Evidence of diverse mortuary practices in the Western Cape South Africa.Plos one15(4) p.e0230391. Bird et al. 2022
Beta-433875	bone	Homo sapiens	AMS	1890±30 BP	Pfeiffer S. Sealy J. Harrington L. Loftus E. and Maggs T. 2020. A Late Holocene community burial area: Evidence of diverse mortuary practices in the Western Cape South Africa.Plos one15(4) p.e0230391. Bird et al. 2022
Beta-433876	bone	Homo sapiens	AMS	1910±30 BP	Pfeiffer S. Sealy J. Harrington L. Loftus E. and Maggs T. 2020. A Late Holocene community burial area: Evidence of diverse mortuary practices in the Western Cape South Africa.Plos one15(4) p.e0230391. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-9073	bone	Homo sapiens	conventional 14C	1950±60 BP	Orton J. 2012.Late Holocene archaeology in Namaqualand South Africa: hunter-gatherers and herders in a semi-arid environment(Doctoral dissertation University of Oxford). Bird et al. 2022
Pta-4376	bone	Homo sapiens	conventional 14C	2010±50 BP	Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-2055-46	bone	Homo sapiens	AMS	2011±30 BP	SARD Bird et al. 2022
Beta-433874	bone	Homo sapiens	AMS	2060±30 BP	Pfeiffer S. Sealy J. Harrington L. Loftus E. and Maggs T. 2020. A Late Holocene community burial area: Evidence of diverse mortuary practices in the Western Cape South Africa.Plos one15(4) p.e0230391. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-9069	bone	Homo sapiens	conventional 14C	2120±60 BP	Pfeiffer S. Sealy J. Harrington L. Loftus E. and Maggs T. 2020. A Late Holocene community burial area: Evidence of diverse mortuary practices in the Western Cape South Africa.Plos one15(4) p.e0230391. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-2056-47	bone	Homo sapiens	AMS	2140±29 BP	Areshian 2012 Bird et al. 2022
OxA-2055-44	bone	Homo sapiens	AMS	2161±30 BP	Pfeiffer S. Sealy J. Harrington L. Loftus E. and Maggs T. 2020. A Late Holocene community burial area: Evidence of diverse mortuary practices in the Western Cape South Africa.Plos one15(4) p.e0230391. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-4201	bone	Homo sapiens	conventional 14C	2170±60 BP	Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-V-2056-40	bone	Homo sapiens	AMS	2295±28 BP	Sealy J. Ludwig B. and Henderson Z. 2006. New radiocarbon dates for Matjes River rock shelter.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.98-101. Bird et al. 2022

Classification	Estimated age	References

Bibliographic references

No bibliographic information available. [Pfeiffer S. Sealy J. Harrington L. Loftus E. and Maggs T. 2020. A Late Holocene community burial area: Evidence of diverse mortuary practices in the Western Cape South Africa.Plos one15(4) p.e0230391.]
No bibliographic information available. [Mason Roger D. Mark L. Peterson 1994]
No bibliographic information available. [Dincauze 1971 1977]
No bibliographic information available. [Harington 2003: 417; G. Adams p.c. 1998; Gotthardt 1998; Faunmap 3797]
No bibliographic information available. [Semken and Falk 1987; Tiffany 1981 1988; Faunmap 537]
No bibliographic information available. [SARD]
No bibliographic information available. [Areshian 2012]
No bibliographic information available. [Peltenburg 1988 13]
No bibliographic information available. [Sealy J. Ludwig B. and Henderson Z. 2006. New radiocarbon dates for Matjes River rock shelter.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.98-101.]
No bibliographic information available. [Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.]
No bibliographic information available. [Parsons I. 2008. Five Later Stone Age artefact assemblages from the interior Northern Cape province.The South African Archaeological Bulletin63(187) pp.51-60.]
No bibliographic information available. [Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press.]
No bibliographic information available. [Webley L. 1992. The history and archaeology of pastoralism and hunter-gatherer settlement in the north-western Cape South Africa. Unpublished PhD thesis: University of Cape Town.]
No bibliographic information available. [Manhire A. 1993. A report on the excavations at Faraoskop Rock Shelter in the Graafwater district of the south-western Cape.Southern African Field Archaeology2 pp.3-23.]
No bibliographic information available. [Sadr K. 2004. Feasting on Kasteelbergà Early herders on the west coast of South Africa.Before Farming2004(3) pp.1-17.]
No bibliographic information available. [Davies O. 1975. Excavations at Shongweni South Cave: the oldest evidence to date for cultigens in southern Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum22(2) pp.627-662.]
No bibliographic information available. [Orton J. 2012.Late Holocene archaeology in Namaqualand South Africa: hunter-gatherers and herders in a semi-arid environment(Doctoral dissertation University of Oxford).]
No bibliographic information available. [Sealy JC van der Merwe NJ. 1988. Social spatial and chronological patterning in marine food use as determined by d13 C measurements of Holocene human skeletons from the south-western Cape. World Archaeology 20(1):87–102.]
Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]

@misc{Pfeiffer S. Sealy J. Harrington L. Loftus E. and Maggs T. 2020. A Late Holocene community burial area: Evidence of diverse mortuary practices in the Western Cape South Africa.Plos one15(4) p.e0230391.,
  
}
@misc{Mason Roger D. Mark L. Peterson 1994,
  
}
@misc{Dincauze 1971 1977,
  
}
@misc{Harington 2003: 417; G. Adams p.c. 1998; Gotthardt 1998; Faunmap 3797,
  
}
@misc{Semken and Falk 1987; Tiffany 1981 1988; Faunmap 537,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  
}
@misc{Areshian 2012,
  
}
@misc{Peltenburg 1988 13,
  
}
@misc{Sealy J. Ludwig B. and Henderson Z. 2006. New radiocarbon dates for Matjes River rock shelter.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.98-101.,
  
}
@misc{Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.,
  
}
@misc{Parsons I. 2008. Five Later Stone Age artefact assemblages from the interior Northern Cape province.The South African Archaeological Bulletin63(187) pp.51-60.,
  
}
@misc{Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press.,
  
}
@misc{Webley L. 1992. The history and archaeology of pastoralism and hunter-gatherer settlement in the north-western Cape South Africa. Unpublished PhD thesis: University of Cape Town.,
  
}
@misc{Manhire A. 1993. A report on the excavations at Faraoskop Rock Shelter in the Graafwater district of the south-western Cape.Southern African Field Archaeology2 pp.3-23.,
  
}
@misc{Sadr K. 2004. Feasting on Kasteelbergà Early herders on the west coast of South Africa.Before Farming2004(3) pp.1-17.,
  
}
@misc{Davies O. 1975. Excavations at Shongweni South Cave: the oldest evidence to date for cultigens in southern Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum22(2) pp.627-662.,
  
}
@misc{Orton J. 2012.Late Holocene archaeology in Namaqualand South Africa: hunter-gatherers and herders in a semi-arid environment(Doctoral dissertation University of Oxford).,
  
}
@misc{Sealy JC van der Merwe NJ. 1988. Social spatial and chronological patterning in marine food use as determined by d13 C measurements of Holocene human skeletons from the south-western Cape. World Archaeology 20(1):87–102.,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

{"bibtex_key":"Pfeiffer S. Sealy J. Harrington L. Loftus E. and Maggs T. 2020. A Late Holocene community burial area: Evidence of diverse mortuary practices in the Western Cape South Africa.Plos one15(4) p.e0230391.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mason Roger D. Mark L. Peterson 1994","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Dincauze 1971 1977","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Harington 2003: 417; G. Adams p.c. 1998; Gotthardt 1998; Faunmap 3797","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Semken and Falk 1987; Tiffany 1981 1988; Faunmap 537","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Areshian 2012","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Peltenburg 1988 13","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sealy J. Ludwig B. and Henderson Z. 2006. New radiocarbon dates for Matjes River rock shelter.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.98-101.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Parsons I. 2008. Five Later Stone Age artefact assemblages from the interior Northern Cape province.The South African Archaeological Bulletin63(187) pp.51-60.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Webley L. 1992. The history and archaeology of pastoralism and hunter-gatherer settlement in the north-western Cape South Africa. Unpublished PhD thesis: University of Cape Town.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Manhire A. 1993. A report on the excavations at Faraoskop Rock Shelter in the Graafwater district of the south-western Cape.Southern African Field Archaeology2 pp.3-23.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sadr K. 2004. Feasting on Kasteelbergà Early herders on the west coast of South Africa.Before Farming2004(3) pp.1-17.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Davies O. 1975. Excavations at Shongweni South Cave: the oldest evidence to date for cultigens in southern Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum22(2) pp.627-662.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Orton J. 2012.Late Holocene archaeology in Namaqualand South Africa: hunter-gatherers and herders in a semi-arid environment(Doctoral dissertation University of Oxford).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sealy JC van der Merwe NJ. 1988. Social spatial and chronological patterning in marine food use as determined by d13 C measurements of Holocene human skeletons from the south-western Cape. World Archaeology 20(1):87–102.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]

---
:bibtex_key: 'Pfeiffer S. Sealy J. Harrington L. Loftus E. and Maggs T. 2020. A Late
  Holocene community burial area: Evidence of diverse mortuary practices in the Western
  Cape South Africa.Plos one15(4) p.e0230391.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Mason Roger D. Mark L. Peterson 1994
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Dincauze 1971 1977
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Harington 2003: 417; G. Adams p.c. 1998; Gotthardt 1998; Faunmap 3797'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Semken and Falk 1987; Tiffany 1981 1988; Faunmap 537
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Areshian 2012
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Peltenburg 1988 13
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Sealy J. Ludwig B. and Henderson Z. 2006. New radiocarbon dates for Matjes
  River rock shelter.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.98-101.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock
  art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Parsons I. 2008. Five Later Stone Age artefact assemblages from the interior
  Northern Cape province.The South African Archaeological Bulletin63(187) pp.51-60.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology
  of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River
  Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Webley L. 1992. The history and archaeology of pastoralism and hunter-gatherer
  settlement in the north-western Cape South Africa. Unpublished PhD thesis: University
  of Cape Town.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Manhire A. 1993. A report on the excavations at Faraoskop Rock Shelter
  in the Graafwater district of the south-western Cape.Southern African Field Archaeology2
  pp.3-23.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Sadr K. 2004. Feasting on Kasteelbergà Early herders on the west coast
  of South Africa.Before Farming2004(3) pp.1-17.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Davies O. 1975. Excavations at Shongweni South Cave: the oldest evidence
  to date for cultigens in southern Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum22(2) pp.627-662.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Orton J. 2012.Late Holocene archaeology in Namaqualand South Africa:
  hunter-gatherers and herders in a semi-arid environment(Doctoral dissertation University
  of Oxford).'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Sealy JC van der Merwe NJ. 1988. Social spatial and chronological patterning
  in marine food use as determined by d13 C measurements of Holocene human skeletons
  from the south-western Cape. World Archaeology 20(1):87–102.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog

Imported from source database via c14bazAAR

XRONOS development team 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC

Location

Radiocarbon dates (30)

Typological dates (0)

Bibliographic references

Changelog

Imported from source database via c14bazAAR