Pta-4201

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon date from Melkbosstrand burials
Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team

Measurement

Age (uncal BP)
2170
Error (±)
60
Lab
NA
Method
conventional 14C
Sample material
bone
Sample taxon
Homo sapiens

Calibration

Calibration curve
IntCal20 (Reimer et al. 2020)
Calibrated age (2σ, BP)
2326 - 2037
2030 - 2002

Context

Site
Melkbosstrand burials
Context
Sample position
NA
Sample coordinates
NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references (19) 

@misc{Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@misc{Pfeiffer S. Sealy J. Harrington L. Loftus E. and Maggs T. 2020. A Late Holocene community burial area: Evidence of diverse mortuary practices in the Western Cape South Africa.Plos one15(4) p.e0230391.,
  
}
@misc{Mason Roger D. Mark L. Peterson 1994,
  
}
@misc{Dincauze 1971 1977,
  
}
@misc{Harington 2003: 417; G. Adams p.c. 1998; Gotthardt 1998; Faunmap 3797,
  
}
@misc{Semken and Falk 1987; Tiffany 1981 1988; Faunmap 537,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  
}
@misc{Areshian 2012,
  
}
@misc{Peltenburg 1988 13,
  
}
@misc{Sealy J. Ludwig B. and Henderson Z. 2006. New radiocarbon dates for Matjes River rock shelter.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.98-101.,
  
}
@misc{Parsons I. 2008. Five Later Stone Age artefact assemblages from the interior Northern Cape province.The South African Archaeological Bulletin63(187) pp.51-60.,
  
}
@misc{Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press.,
  
}
@misc{Webley L. 1992. The history and archaeology of pastoralism and hunter-gatherer settlement in the north-western Cape South Africa. Unpublished PhD thesis: University of Cape Town.,
  
}
@misc{Manhire A. 1993. A report on the excavations at Faraoskop Rock Shelter in the Graafwater district of the south-western Cape.Southern African Field Archaeology2 pp.3-23.,
  
}
@misc{Sadr K. 2004. Feasting on Kasteelbergà Early herders on the west coast of South Africa.Before Farming2004(3) pp.1-17.,
  
}
@misc{Davies O. 1975. Excavations at Shongweni South Cave: the oldest evidence to date for cultigens in southern Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum22(2) pp.627-662.,
  
}
@misc{Orton J. 2012.Late Holocene archaeology in Namaqualand South Africa: hunter-gatherers and herders in a semi-arid environment(Doctoral dissertation University of Oxford).,
  
}
@misc{Sealy JC van der Merwe NJ. 1988. Social spatial and chronological patterning in marine food use as determined by d13 C measurements of Holocene human skeletons from the south-western Cape. World Archaeology 20(1):87–102.,
  
}

{"bibtex_key":"Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Pfeiffer S. Sealy J. Harrington L. Loftus E. and Maggs T. 2020. A Late Holocene community burial area: Evidence of diverse mortuary practices in the Western Cape South Africa.Plos one15(4) p.e0230391.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mason Roger D. Mark L. Peterson 1994","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Dincauze 1971 1977","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Harington 2003: 417; G. Adams p.c. 1998; Gotthardt 1998; Faunmap 3797","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Semken and Falk 1987; Tiffany 1981 1988; Faunmap 537","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Areshian 2012","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Peltenburg 1988 13","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sealy J. Ludwig B. and Henderson Z. 2006. New radiocarbon dates for Matjes River rock shelter.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.98-101.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Parsons I. 2008. Five Later Stone Age artefact assemblages from the interior Northern Cape province.The South African Archaeological Bulletin63(187) pp.51-60.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Webley L. 1992. The history and archaeology of pastoralism and hunter-gatherer settlement in the north-western Cape South Africa. Unpublished PhD thesis: University of Cape Town.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Manhire A. 1993. A report on the excavations at Faraoskop Rock Shelter in the Graafwater district of the south-western Cape.Southern African Field Archaeology2 pp.3-23.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sadr K. 2004. Feasting on Kasteelbergà Early herders on the west coast of South Africa.Before Farming2004(3) pp.1-17.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Davies O. 1975. Excavations at Shongweni South Cave: the oldest evidence to date for cultigens in southern Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum22(2) pp.627-662.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Orton J. 2012.Late Holocene archaeology in Namaqualand South Africa: hunter-gatherers and herders in a semi-arid environment(Doctoral dissertation University of Oxford).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sealy JC van der Merwe NJ. 1988. Social spatial and chronological patterning in marine food use as determined by d13 C measurements of Holocene human skeletons from the south-western Cape. World Archaeology 20(1):87–102.","bibtex_type":"misc"}
---
:bibtex_key: Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock
  art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
:bibtex_key: 'Pfeiffer S. Sealy J. Harrington L. Loftus E. and Maggs T. 2020. A Late
  Holocene community burial area: Evidence of diverse mortuary practices in the Western
  Cape South Africa.Plos one15(4) p.e0230391.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Mason Roger D. Mark L. Peterson 1994
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Dincauze 1971 1977
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Harington 2003: 417; G. Adams p.c. 1998; Gotthardt 1998; Faunmap 3797'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Semken and Falk 1987; Tiffany 1981 1988; Faunmap 537
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Areshian 2012
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Peltenburg 1988 13
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Sealy J. Ludwig B. and Henderson Z. 2006. New radiocarbon dates for Matjes
  River rock shelter.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.98-101.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Parsons I. 2008. Five Later Stone Age artefact assemblages from the interior
  Northern Cape province.The South African Archaeological Bulletin63(187) pp.51-60.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology
  of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River
  Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Webley L. 1992. The history and archaeology of pastoralism and hunter-gatherer
  settlement in the north-western Cape South Africa. Unpublished PhD thesis: University
  of Cape Town.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Manhire A. 1993. A report on the excavations at Faraoskop Rock Shelter
  in the Graafwater district of the south-western Cape.Southern African Field Archaeology2
  pp.3-23.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Sadr K. 2004. Feasting on Kasteelbergà Early herders on the west coast
  of South Africa.Before Farming2004(3) pp.1-17.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Davies O. 1975. Excavations at Shongweni South Cave: the oldest evidence
  to date for cultigens in southern Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum22(2) pp.627-662.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Orton J. 2012.Late Holocene archaeology in Namaqualand South Africa:
  hunter-gatherers and herders in a semi-arid environment(Doctoral dissertation University
  of Oxford).'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Sealy JC van der Merwe NJ. 1988. Social spatial and chronological patterning
  in marine food use as determined by d13 C measurements of Holocene human skeletons
  from the south-western Cape. World Archaeology 20(1):87–102.
:bibtex_type: :misc

Changelog