Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
018.750° S, 021.750° E
Coordinates (DMS)
018° 45' 00" E, 021° 45' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
Botswana (BW)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (57)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
UCR-3364 390-400 cm eggshell Struthio camelus AMS 28890±300 BP robbins2000apc
UCR-3365 120-130 cm eggshell Struthio camelus AMS 35510±560 BP robbins2000apc
UCR-3366 110-120 cm eggshell Struthio camelus AMS 3900±50 BP robbins2000apc
UCR-3367 250-260 cm eggshell Struthio camelus AMS 28360±240 BP robbins2000apc
UCR-3368 110-120 cm eggshell Struthio camelus AMS 3860±50 BP robbins2000apc
UCR-3369 50-60 cm bone NA AMS 33490±440 BP robbins2000apc
UCR-3370 60-70 cm eggshell Struthio camelus AMS 3570±60 BP robbins2000apc
UGA-6728 110-120 cm eggshell Struthio camelus conventional 14C 6840±40 BP robbins2000apc
UGA-6729 210-220 cm eggshell Struthio camelus conventional 14C robbins2000apc
UGA-6730 250-260 cm eggshell Struthio camelus conventional 14C robbins2000apc
UGA-6731 150-160 cm eggshell Struthio camelus conventional 14C 31220±320 BP robbins2000apc
AA-31280 eggshell NA NA 31880±510 BP Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113. Bird et al. 2022
AA-31729 eggshell NA NA 26460±300 BP Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113. Bird et al. 2022
AA-35233 eggshell NA NA 3555±45 BP Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113. Bird et al. 2022
Beta-33052 charcoal NA NA 500±60 BP Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113. Bird et al. 2022
Beta-33053 charcoal NA NA 3700±130 BP Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113. Bird et al. 2022
Beta-33055 charcoal NA NA 110±80 BP Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113. Bird et al. 2022
Beta-33056 charcoal NA NA 1080±100 BP Campbell Janice L. James R. Morehead and A. Frank Servello 1990 Data Recovery at 16VN791; A Multi-Component Prehistoric Site in the Birds Creek Drainage Fort Polk Military Reservation Fort Polk Louisiana. Report of Investigations No. 188. Ne Bird et al. 2022
Beta-33681 charcoal NA NA 2620±130 BP ECKERLE AND MILLER 1991 Bird et al. 2022
Beta-37489 charcoal NA NA 1780±70 BP Gilsen 2000; Lyman 1991: 32; Hutchinson 1992: 72; Sappington 1992: 354; Faunmap 2895 Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (58)

Classification Estimated age References
NA NA
LSA NA robbins2000apc
ELSA NA NA
LSA NA robbins2000apc
ELSA NA NA
NA robbins2000apc
LSA NA robbins2000apc
NA NA
NA robbins2000apc
NA robbins2000apc
LSA NA sealy1996drd
Ceramic LSA NA NA
MSA NA robbins2000apc
NA NA
MSA NA robbins2000apc
NA NA
LSA NA robbins2000apc
ELSA NA NA
MSA NA robbins2000apc
NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{robbins2000apc,
  
}
@misc{sealy1996drd,
  
}
@misc{Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113.,
  
}
@misc{Campbell Janice L. James R. Morehead and A. Frank Servello  1990    Data Recovery at 16VN791; A Multi-Component Prehistoric Site in the Birds Creek Drainage Fort Polk Military Reservation Fort Polk Louisiana.  Report of Investigations No. 188.  Ne,
  
}
@misc{ECKERLE AND MILLER 1991,
  
}
@misc{Gilsen 2000; Lyman 1991: 32; Hutchinson 1992: 72; Sappington 1992: 354; Faunmap 2895,
  
}
@misc{Dames and Moore 1974,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  
}
@misc{C Vance Haynes index card,
  
}
@misc{Drover C. E. Taylor R. E. Cairns T. and Ericson J. E. 1979; Schroth A. 1979,
  
}
@misc{Schulz 1981,
  
}
@misc{Maslowski et al. 1995,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"robbins2000apc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"sealy1996drd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Campbell Janice L. James R. Morehead and A. Frank Servello  1990    Data Recovery at 16VN791; A Multi-Component Prehistoric Site in the Birds Creek Drainage Fort Polk Military Reservation Fort Polk Louisiana.  Report of Investigations No. 188.  Ne","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"ECKERLE AND MILLER 1991","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gilsen 2000; Lyman 1991: 32; Hutchinson 1992: 72; Sappington 1992: 354; Faunmap 2895","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Dames and Moore 1974","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"C Vance Haynes index card","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Drover C. E. Taylor R. E. Cairns T. and Ericson J. E. 1979; Schroth A. 1979","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Schulz 1981","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Maslowski et al. 1995","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: robbins2000apc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: sealy1996drd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein
  R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment
  and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari
  Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Campbell Janice L. James R. Morehead and A. Frank Servello  1990    Data
  Recovery at 16VN791; A Multi-Component Prehistoric Site in the Birds Creek Drainage
  Fort Polk Military Reservation Fort Polk Louisiana.  Report of Investigations No.
  188.  Ne
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: ECKERLE AND MILLER 1991
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Gilsen 2000; Lyman 1991: 32; Hutchinson 1992: 72; Sappington 1992: 354;
  Faunmap 2895'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Dames and Moore 1974
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: C Vance Haynes index card
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Drover C. E. Taylor R. E. Cairns T. and Ericson J. E. 1979; Schroth A.
  1979
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Schulz 1981
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Maslowski et al. 1995
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog