Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
018.750° S, 021.750° E
Coordinates (DMS)
018° 45' 00" E, 021° 45' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
Botswana (BW)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (57)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Beta-47864 charcoal NA NA 2260±80 BP Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113. Bird et al. 2022
Beta-47865 charcoal NA NA 4330±160 BP Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113. Bird et al. 2022
Beta-47866 bone NA NA 20340±520 BP Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113. Bird et al. 2022
Beta-47867 bone NA NA 20110±160 BP Dames and Moore 1974 Bird et al. 2022
Beta-55732 charcoal NA NA 3479±90 BP Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-6038 charcoal NA NA 1225±60 BP SARD Bird et al. 2022
SMU-2656 eggshell NA NA 33020±270 BP C Vance Haynes index card Bird et al. 2022
UCR-3289 eggshell NA NA 33470±250 BP Drover C. E. Taylor R. E. Cairns T. and Ericson J. E. 1979; Schroth A. 1979 Bird et al. 2022
UCR-3364 eggshell NA NA 28890±300 BP Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113. Bird et al. 2022
UCR-3365 eggshell NA NA 35510±560 BP Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113. Bird et al. 2022
UCR-3366 eggshell NA NA 3900±50 BP Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113. Bird et al. 2022
UCR-3367 eggshell NA NA 28360±240 BP Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113. Bird et al. 2022
UCR-3368 eggshell NA NA 3860±50 BP Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113. Bird et al. 2022
UCR-3369 bone NA NA 33490±440 BP Schulz 1981 Bird et al. 2022
UCR-3370 eggshell NA NA 3570±60 BP Schulz 1981 Bird et al. 2022
UGA-6728 eggshell NA NA 6840±40 BP Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113. Bird et al. 2022
UGA-6731 eggshell NA NA 31220±320 BP Maslowski et al. 1995 Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (58)

Classification Estimated age References
MSA NA robbins2000apc
NA NA
NA robbins2000apc
LSA NA robbins2000apc
NA NA
LSA NA robbins2000apc
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA robbins2000apc
NA NA
LSA NA robbins2000apc
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA robbins2000apc
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA robbins2000apc
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA robbins2000apc
NA NA
LSA NA robbins2000apc
NA NA
LSA NA robbins2000apc

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{robbins2000apc,
  
}
@misc{sealy1996drd,
  
}
@misc{Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113.,
  
}
@misc{Campbell Janice L. James R. Morehead and A. Frank Servello  1990    Data Recovery at 16VN791; A Multi-Component Prehistoric Site in the Birds Creek Drainage Fort Polk Military Reservation Fort Polk Louisiana.  Report of Investigations No. 188.  Ne,
  
}
@misc{ECKERLE AND MILLER 1991,
  
}
@misc{Gilsen 2000; Lyman 1991: 32; Hutchinson 1992: 72; Sappington 1992: 354; Faunmap 2895,
  
}
@misc{Dames and Moore 1974,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  
}
@misc{C Vance Haynes index card,
  
}
@misc{Drover C. E. Taylor R. E. Cairns T. and Ericson J. E. 1979; Schroth A. 1979,
  
}
@misc{Schulz 1981,
  
}
@misc{Maslowski et al. 1995,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"robbins2000apc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"sealy1996drd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Campbell Janice L. James R. Morehead and A. Frank Servello  1990    Data Recovery at 16VN791; A Multi-Component Prehistoric Site in the Birds Creek Drainage Fort Polk Military Reservation Fort Polk Louisiana.  Report of Investigations No. 188.  Ne","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"ECKERLE AND MILLER 1991","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gilsen 2000; Lyman 1991: 32; Hutchinson 1992: 72; Sappington 1992: 354; Faunmap 2895","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Dames and Moore 1974","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"C Vance Haynes index card","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Drover C. E. Taylor R. E. Cairns T. and Ericson J. E. 1979; Schroth A. 1979","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Schulz 1981","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Maslowski et al. 1995","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: robbins2000apc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: sealy1996drd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein
  R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment
  and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari
  Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Campbell Janice L. James R. Morehead and A. Frank Servello  1990    Data
  Recovery at 16VN791; A Multi-Component Prehistoric Site in the Birds Creek Drainage
  Fort Polk Military Reservation Fort Polk Louisiana.  Report of Investigations No.
  188.  Ne
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: ECKERLE AND MILLER 1991
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Gilsen 2000; Lyman 1991: 32; Hutchinson 1992: 72; Sappington 1992: 354;
  Faunmap 2895'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Dames and Moore 1974
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: C Vance Haynes index card
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Drover C. E. Taylor R. E. Cairns T. and Ericson J. E. 1979; Schroth A.
  1979
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Schulz 1981
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Maslowski et al. 1995
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog