White Paintings Shelter
Archaeological site
in Botswana
Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team
Contributors: XRONOS development team
Location
- Coordinates (degrees)
- 018.750° S, 021.750° E
- Coordinates (DMS)
- 018° 45' 00" E, 021° 45' 00" S
- Country (ISO 3166)
- Botswana (BW)
Linked Data
There is no linked data available for this record.
Lab ID | Context | Material | Taxon | Method | Uncalibrated age | Calibrated age | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AA-31280 | 180-190 cm | eggshell | Struthio camelus | AMS | 31880±510 BP | 37385–35239 cal BP | robbins2000apc |
AA-31729 | 190-200 cm | eggshell | Struthio camelus | AMS | 26460±300 BP | 31105–30152 cal BP | robbins2000apc |
AA-35233 | 110-120 cm | eggshell | Struthio camelus | AMS | 3555±45 BP | 3974–3700 cal BP | robbins2000apc |
Beta-33052 | 62cm | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 500±60 BP | 647–335 cal BP | robbins2000apc |
Beta-33053 | 90-100 cm | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 3700±130 BP | 4414–3699 cal BP | robbins2000apc |
Beta-33055 | 70 cm | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 110±80 BP | 286–165 cal BP | robbins2000apc |
Beta-33056 | 40-50 cm | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 1080±100 BP | 1261–775 cal BP | robbins2000apc |
Beta-33681 | 77cm | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 2620±130 BP | 3000–2350 cal BP | robbins2000apc |
Beta-37489 | 155-165 cm | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 1780±70 BP | 1861–1531 cal BP | robbins2000apc |
Beta-47864 | 40-50 cm | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 2260±80 BP | 2486–2004 cal BP | robbins2000apc |
Beta-47865 | 110-120 cm | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 4330±160 BP | 5442–4441 cal BP | robbins2000apc |
Beta-47866 | 320-330 cm | bone | NA | AMS | 20340±520 BP | 25694–23315 cal BP | robbins2000apc |
Beta-47867 | 440-450 cm | bone | NA | AMS | 20110±160 BP | 24555–23821 cal BP | robbins2000apc |
Beta-55731 | 139 cm | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 60±80 BP | 280–170 cal BP | robbins2000apc |
Beta-55732 | 180 cm | charcoal | NA | AMS | 3479±90 BP | 3975–3492 cal BP | robbins2000apc |
Beta-55733 | 230 cm | charcoal | NA | AMS | NA | can not be calculated cal BP | robbins2000apc |
Beta-55734 | 285 cm | charcoal | NA | AMS | NA | can not be calculated cal BP | robbins2000apc |
OxA-6038 | 40-50 cm | charcoal | NA | AMS | 1225±60 BP | 1285–978 cal BP | sealy1996drd |
SMU-2656 | 180-190 cm | eggshell | Struthio camelus | conventional 14C | 33020±270 BP | 38745–36810 cal BP | robbins2000apc |
UCR-3289 | 170-180 cm | eggshell | Struthio camelus | AMS | 33470±250 BP | 39167–37510 cal BP | robbins2000apc |
Classification | Estimated age | References |
---|---|---|
MSA | NA | robbins2000apc |
NA | NA | |
NA | robbins2000apc | |
LSA | NA | robbins2000apc |
NA | NA | |
LSA | NA | robbins2000apc |
Ceramic LSA | NA | NA |
LSA | NA | robbins2000apc |
NA | NA | |
LSA | NA | robbins2000apc |
Ceramic LSA | NA | NA |
LSA | NA | robbins2000apc |
Ceramic LSA | NA | NA |
LSA | NA | robbins2000apc |
Ceramic LSA | NA | NA |
LSA | NA | robbins2000apc |
NA | NA | |
LSA | NA | robbins2000apc |
NA | NA | |
LSA | NA | robbins2000apc |
Bibliographic references
- No bibliographic information available. [robbins2000apc]
- No bibliographic information available. [sealy1996drd]
- No bibliographic information available. [Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Campbell Janice L. James R. Morehead and A. Frank Servello 1990 Data Recovery at 16VN791; A Multi-Component Prehistoric Site in the Birds Creek Drainage Fort Polk Military Reservation Fort Polk Louisiana. Report of Investigations No. 188. Ne]
- No bibliographic information available. [ECKERLE AND MILLER 1991]
- No bibliographic information available. [Gilsen 2000; Lyman 1991: 32; Hutchinson 1992: 72; Sappington 1992: 354; Faunmap 2895]
- No bibliographic information available. [Dames and Moore 1974]
- No bibliographic information available. [SARD]
- No bibliographic information available. [C Vance Haynes index card]
- No bibliographic information available. [Drover C. E. Taylor R. E. Cairns T. and Ericson J. E. 1979; Schroth A. 1979]
- No bibliographic information available. [Schulz 1981]
- No bibliographic information available. [Maslowski et al. 1995]
- https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database [SARD]
- Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]
@misc{robbins2000apc,
}
@misc{sealy1996drd,
}
@misc{Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113.,
}
@misc{Campbell Janice L. James R. Morehead and A. Frank Servello 1990 Data Recovery at 16VN791; A Multi-Component Prehistoric Site in the Birds Creek Drainage Fort Polk Military Reservation Fort Polk Louisiana. Report of Investigations No. 188. Ne,
}
@misc{ECKERLE AND MILLER 1991,
}
@misc{Gilsen 2000; Lyman 1991: 32; Hutchinson 1992: 72; Sappington 1992: 354; Faunmap 2895,
}
@misc{Dames and Moore 1974,
}
@misc{SARD,
}
@misc{C Vance Haynes index card,
}
@misc{Drover C. E. Taylor R. E. Cairns T. and Ericson J. E. 1979; Schroth A. 1979,
}
@misc{Schulz 1981,
}
@misc{Maslowski et al. 1995,
}
@misc{SARD,
url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
year = {2022},
month = {jan},
journal = {Scientific Data},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {27},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2052-4463},
doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
langid = {english},
keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"robbins2000apc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"sealy1996drd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Campbell Janice L. James R. Morehead and A. Frank Servello 1990 Data Recovery at 16VN791; A Multi-Component Prehistoric Site in the Birds Creek Drainage Fort Polk Military Reservation Fort Polk Louisiana. Report of Investigations No. 188. Ne","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"ECKERLE AND MILLER 1991","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gilsen 2000; Lyman 1991: 32; Hutchinson 1992: 72; Sappington 1992: 354; Faunmap 2895","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Dames and Moore 1974","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"C Vance Haynes index card","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Drover C. E. Taylor R. E. Cairns T. and Ericson J. E. 1979; Schroth A. 1979","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Schulz 1981","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Maslowski et al. 1995","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: robbins2000apc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: sealy1996drd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Robbins L.H. Murphy M.L. Brook G.A. Ivester A.H. Campbell A.C. Klein
R.G. Milo R.G. Stewart K.M. Downey W.S. and Stevens N.J. 2000. Archaeology palaeoenvironment
and chronology of the Tsodilo Hills White Paintings rock shelter northwest Kalahari
Desert Botswana.Journal of Archaeological Science27(11) pp.1085-1113.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Campbell Janice L. James R. Morehead and A. Frank Servello 1990 Data
Recovery at 16VN791; A Multi-Component Prehistoric Site in the Birds Creek Drainage
Fort Polk Military Reservation Fort Polk Louisiana. Report of Investigations No.
188. Ne
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: ECKERLE AND MILLER 1991
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Gilsen 2000; Lyman 1991: 32; Hutchinson 1992: 72; Sappington 1992: 354;
Faunmap 2895'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Dames and Moore 1974
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: C Vance Haynes index card
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Drover C. E. Taylor R. E. Cairns T. and Ericson J. E. 1979; Schroth A.
1979
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Schulz 1981
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Maslowski et al. 1995
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
:url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
:note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
:bibtex_type: :article
:title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
:author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
Jacob}"
:year: "{2022}"
:month: "{jan}"
:journal: "{Scientific Data}"
:volume: "{9}"
:number: "{1}"
:pages: "{27}"
:publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
:issn: "{2052-4463}"
:doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
:abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
:copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
:langid: "{english}"
:keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
:month_numeric: "{1}"