Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
033.317° S, 025.283° E
Coordinates (DMS)
033° 19' 00" E, 025° 16' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (14)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
GaK-1538 rock fall unit NA conventional 14C 10500±190 BP deacon1976whg
Pta-666 medium brown series NA conventional 14C 7660±80 BP deacon1976whg
Pta-668 wedge unit NA conventional 14C 6980±65 BP deacon1976whg
Pta-680 main bedding unit NA conventional 14C 5900±90 BP deacon1976whg
Pta-706 cut away frontal unit NA conventional 14C 2870±90 BP deacon1976whg
UW-233 basal unit NA conventional 14C 15400±120 BP deacon1976whg
UW-234 wilton base marker unit NA conventional 14C 7300±80 BP deacon1976whg
GaK-1538 NA NA 10500±190 BP Deacon J. 1972. Wilton: an assessment after fifty years.The South African Archaeological Bulletin27(105/106) pp.10-48. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-666 NA NA 7660±80 BP Pistorius J.C. 1995. Radio-carbon dates from the Mabyanamatshwaana complex.South African Journal of Ethnology18(3) pp.123-127. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-668 NA NA 6980±65 BP Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-680 NA NA 5900±90 BP Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town). Bird et al. 2022
Pta-706 NA NA 2870±90 BP Kaplan J. and Mitchell P. 2012. The archaeology of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project Phases IA and IB.Southern African Humanities24(1) pp.1-32. Bird et al. 2022
UW-233 NA NA 15400±120 BP Deacon H.J. 1976.Where hunters gathered: a study of Holocene Stone Age people in the eastern Cape(No. 1). South African Archaeological Society. Bird et al. 2022
UW-234 NA NA 7300±80 BP Lyman 2001; Robinson and Thompson 1981; Dorn et al. 1962: 7; Hutchinson 1992: 39; Kidd 1969 Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (14)

Classification Estimated age References
LSA NA deacon1976whg
Oakhurst NA NA
LSA NA deacon1976whg
Oakhurst NA NA
LSA NA deacon1976whg
Wilton NA NA
LSA NA deacon1976whg
Wilton NA NA
LSA NA deacon1976whg
Final LSA NA NA
LSA NA deacon1976whg
Robberg NA NA
LSA NA deacon1976whg
Wilton NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{deacon1976whg,
  
}
@misc{Deacon J. 1972. Wilton: an assessment after fifty years.The South African Archaeological Bulletin27(105/106) pp.10-48.,
  
}
@misc{Pistorius J.C. 1995. Radio-carbon dates from the Mabyanamatshwaana complex.South African Journal of Ethnology18(3) pp.123-127.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.,
  
}
@misc{Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).,
  
}
@misc{Kaplan J. and Mitchell P. 2012. The archaeology of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project Phases IA and IB.Southern African Humanities24(1) pp.1-32.,
  
}
@misc{Deacon H.J. 1976.Where hunters gathered: a study of Holocene Stone Age people in the eastern Cape(No. 1). South African Archaeological Society.,
  
}
@misc{Lyman 2001; Robinson and Thompson 1981; Dorn et al. 1962: 7; Hutchinson 1992: 39; Kidd 1969,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"deacon1976whg","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Deacon J. 1972. Wilton: an assessment after fifty years.The South African Archaeological Bulletin27(105/106) pp.10-48.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Pistorius J.C. 1995. Radio-carbon dates from the Mabyanamatshwaana complex.South African Journal of Ethnology18(3) pp.123-127.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kaplan J. and Mitchell P. 2012. The archaeology of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project Phases IA and IB.Southern African Humanities24(1) pp.1-32.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Deacon H.J. 1976.Where hunters gathered: a study of Holocene Stone Age people in the eastern Cape(No. 1). South African Archaeological Society.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lyman 2001; Robinson and Thompson 1981; Dorn et al. 1962: 7; Hutchinson 1992: 39; Kidd 1969","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: deacon1976whg
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Deacon J. 1972. Wilton: an assessment after fifty years.The South African
  Archaeological Bulletin27(105/106) pp.10-48.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Pistorius J.C. 1995. Radio-carbon dates from the Mabyanamatshwaana complex.South
  African Journal of Ethnology18(3) pp.123-127.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo
  Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast
  of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of
  Cape Town).
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kaplan J. and Mitchell P. 2012. The archaeology of the Lesotho Highlands
  Water Project Phases IA and IB.Southern African Humanities24(1) pp.1-32.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Deacon H.J. 1976.Where hunters gathered: a study of Holocene Stone Age
  people in the eastern Cape(No. 1). South African Archaeological Society.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Lyman 2001; Robinson and Thompson 1981; Dorn et al. 1962: 7; Hutchinson
  1992: 39; Kidd 1969'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog