Haaskraal Shelter
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Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
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Contributors: XRONOS development team
Location
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Lab ID | Context | Material | Taxon | Method | Uncalibrated age | Calibrated age | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CAMS-61147 | O8 Level 9 (talusScree) | bone | Bos taurus | AMS | 300±40 BP | 470–290 cal BP | sampson2010cdl |
GrA-13541 | M16 Level 10 (talusScree) | plant remains | NA | AMS | 1970±50 BP | 1999–1745 cal BP | sampson2010cdl; sadr2006tte |
GrA-13542 | F5 Level 8 | plant remains | NA | AMS | 1570±50 BP | 1537–1355 cal BP | sampson2010cdl |
GrA-13557 | I2 Level 9 | plant remains | NA | AMS | 1920±130 BP | 2295–1534 cal BP | sampson2010cdl; sadr2006tte |
HSK-1 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 1180±70 BP | 1273–956 cal BP | hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl | |
OxA-4394 | E12 Level 8 | bone | NA | AMS | 410±65 BP | 530–313 cal BP | hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl |
OxA-4395 | E13 Level 8 | bone | Bos taurus | AMS | 515±65 BP | 654–340 cal BP | hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl |
Pta-6029 | plant remains | NA | conventional 14C | 250±70 BP | 479–60 cal BP | sampson1995rcl | |
SMU-1635 | E all Level 12 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 1850±45 BP | 1870–1623 cal BP | sampson2010cdl |
SMU-1636 | E8 Level 8 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 545±45 BP | 645–507 cal BP | hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl |
SMU-1637 | E12/13 Level 3.5 | NA | conventional 14C | 295±40 BP | 465–158 cal BP | sampson2010cdl | |
SMU-1639 | K all Level 7 (talusScree) | NA | conventional 14C | 170±40 BP | 293–56 cal BP | sampson2010cdl | |
SMU-1789 | E15 Level 9 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 1880±70 BP | 1986–1615 cal BP | sampson2010cdl |
SMU-1790 | J2 Level 7 | charcoal | NA | conventional 14C | 1140±60 BP | 1241–928 cal BP | hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl |
CAMS-61147 | bone | NA | NA | 300±40 BP | 470–290 cal BP | Lepofsky et al. 1999 2000a 2000b; Ames 2009 Bird et al. 2022 | |
GrA-13541 | plant remains | NA | NA | 1970±50 BP | 1999–1745 cal BP | Sampson C.G. 2010. Chronology and dynamics of Later Stone Age herders in the upper Seacow River valley South Africa.Journal of Arid Environments74(7) pp.842-848. Bird et al. 2022 | |
GrA-13542 | plant remains | NA | NA | 1570±50 BP | 1537–1355 cal BP | Damblon F Hasaerts P. & vander plicht J. PrÔøΩhisotire europÔøΩenne 1996 9: 177-231. Bird et al. 2022 | |
GrA-13557 | plant remains | NA | NA | 1920±130 BP | 2295–1534 cal BP | Sadr K. and Sampson C.G. 2006. Through thick and thin: early pottery in southern Africa.Journal of African Archaeology4(2) pp.235-252. Bird et al. 2022 | |
OxA-4394 | bone | NA | NA | 410±65 BP | 530–313 cal BP | SARD Bird et al. 2022 | |
OxA-4395 | bone | NA | NA | 515±65 BP | 654–340 cal BP | SARD Bird et al. 2022 |
Classification | Estimated age | References |
---|---|---|
NA | sampson2010cdl | |
LSA | NA | sampson2010cdl; sadr2006tte |
NA | NA | |
LSA | NA | sampson2010cdl |
NA | NA | |
LSA | NA | sampson2010cdl; sadr2006tte |
NA | NA | |
LSA | NA | hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl |
NA | NA | |
LSA | NA | hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl |
Ceramic LSA | NA | NA |
LSA | NA | hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl |
Ceramic LSA | NA | NA |
LSA | NA | sampson1995rcl |
Ceramic LSA | NA | NA |
LSA | NA | sampson2010cdl |
NA | NA | |
NA | hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl | |
NA | sampson2010cdl | |
NA | sampson2010cdl |
Bibliographic references
- No bibliographic information available. [sampson2010cdl]
- No bibliographic information available. [sampson2010cdl; sadr2006tte]
- No bibliographic information available. [hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl]
- No bibliographic information available. [sampson1995rcl]
- No bibliographic information available. [Lepofsky et al. 1999 2000a 2000b; Ames 2009]
- No bibliographic information available. [Sampson C.G. 2010. Chronology and dynamics of Later Stone Age herders in the upper Seacow River valley South Africa.Journal of Arid Environments74(7) pp.842-848.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Damblon F Hasaerts P. & vander plicht J. PrÔøΩhisotire europÔøΩenne 1996 9: 177-231.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Sadr K. and Sampson C.G. 2006. Through thick and thin: early pottery in southern Africa.Journal of African Archaeology4(2) pp.235-252.]
- No bibliographic information available. [SARD]
- No bibliographic information available. [Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2) pp.84-94.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Berry and Berry 1986; Haas and Haynes 1975: 357; Haynes et al. 1984]
- No bibliographic information available. [Haynes et al. 1992:86]
- https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database [SARD]
- Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]
@misc{sampson2010cdl,
}
@misc{sampson2010cdl; sadr2006tte,
}
@misc{hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl,
}
@misc{sampson1995rcl,
}
@misc{Lepofsky et al. 1999 2000a 2000b; Ames 2009,
}
@misc{Sampson C.G. 2010. Chronology and dynamics of Later Stone Age herders in the upper Seacow River valley South Africa.Journal of Arid Environments74(7) pp.842-848.,
}
@misc{Damblon F Hasaerts P. & vander plicht J. PrÔøΩhisotire europÔøΩenne 1996 9: 177-231.,
}
@misc{Sadr K. and Sampson C.G. 2006. Through thick and thin: early pottery in southern Africa.Journal of African Archaeology4(2) pp.235-252.,
}
@misc{SARD,
}
@misc{Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2) pp.84-94.,
}
@misc{Berry and Berry 1986; Haas and Haynes 1975: 357; Haynes et al. 1984,
}
@misc{Haynes et al. 1992:86,
}
@misc{SARD,
url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
year = {2022},
month = {jan},
journal = {Scientific Data},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {27},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2052-4463},
doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
langid = {english},
keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"sampson2010cdl","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"sampson2010cdl; sadr2006tte","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"sampson1995rcl","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lepofsky et al. 1999 2000a 2000b; Ames 2009","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sampson C.G. 2010. Chronology and dynamics of Later Stone Age herders in the upper Seacow River valley South Africa.Journal of Arid Environments74(7) pp.842-848.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Damblon F Hasaerts P. & vander plicht J. PrÔøΩhisotire europÔøΩenne 1996 9: 177-231.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sadr K. and Sampson C.G. 2006. Through thick and thin: early pottery in southern Africa.Journal of African Archaeology4(2) pp.235-252.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2) pp.84-94.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Berry and Berry 1986; Haas and Haynes 1975: 357; Haynes et al. 1984","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Haynes et al. 1992:86","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: sampson2010cdl
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: sampson2010cdl; sadr2006tte
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: sampson1995rcl
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lepofsky et al. 1999 2000a 2000b; Ames 2009
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Sampson C.G. 2010. Chronology and dynamics of Later Stone Age herders
in the upper Seacow River valley South Africa.Journal of Arid Environments74(7)
pp.842-848.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Damblon F Hasaerts P. & vander plicht J. PrÔøΩhisotire europÔøΩenne
1996 9: 177-231.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Sadr K. and Sampson C.G. 2006. Through thick and thin: early pottery
in southern Africa.Journal of African Archaeology4(2) pp.235-252.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone
Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2)
pp.84-94.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Berry and Berry 1986; Haas and Haynes 1975: 357; Haynes et al. 1984'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Haynes et al. 1992:86
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
:url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
:note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
:bibtex_type: :article
:title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
:author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
Jacob}"
:year: "{2022}"
:month: "{jan}"
:journal: "{Scientific Data}"
:volume: "{9}"
:number: "{1}"
:pages: "{27}"
:publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
:issn: "{2052-4463}"
:doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
:abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
:copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
:langid: "{english}"
:keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
:month_numeric: "{1}"