Site type

Location

200 m
Leaflet Tiles © Esri — Source: Esri, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, GeoEye, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, UPR-EGP, and the GIS User Community
Coordinates (degrees)
031.533° S, 024.217° E
Coordinates (DMS)
031° 31' 00" E, 024° 13' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (27)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
CAMS-61147 O8 Level 9 (talusScree) bone Bos taurus AMS 300±40 BP 470–290 cal BP sampson2010cdl
GrA-13541 M16 Level 10 (talusScree) plant remains NA AMS 1970±50 BP 1999–1745 cal BP sampson2010cdl; sadr2006tte
GrA-13542 F5 Level 8 plant remains NA AMS 1570±50 BP 1537–1355 cal BP sampson2010cdl
GrA-13557 I2 Level 9 plant remains NA AMS 1920±130 BP 2295–1534 cal BP sampson2010cdl; sadr2006tte
HSK-1 charcoal NA conventional 14C 1180±70 BP 1273–956 cal BP hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl
OxA-4394 E12 Level 8 bone NA AMS 410±65 BP 530–313 cal BP hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl
OxA-4395 E13 Level 8 bone Bos taurus AMS 515±65 BP 654–340 cal BP hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl
Pta-6029 plant remains NA conventional 14C 250±70 BP 479–60 cal BP sampson1995rcl
SMU-1635 E all Level 12 charcoal NA conventional 14C 1850±45 BP 1870–1623 cal BP sampson2010cdl
SMU-1636 E8 Level 8 charcoal NA conventional 14C 545±45 BP 645–507 cal BP hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl
SMU-1637 E12/13 Level 3.5 NA conventional 14C 295±40 BP 465–158 cal BP sampson2010cdl
SMU-1639 K all Level 7 (talusScree) NA conventional 14C 170±40 BP 293–56 cal BP sampson2010cdl
SMU-1789 E15 Level 9 charcoal NA conventional 14C 1880±70 BP 1986–1615 cal BP sampson2010cdl
SMU-1790 J2 Level 7 charcoal NA conventional 14C 1140±60 BP 1241–928 cal BP hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl
CAMS-61147 bone NA NA 300±40 BP 470–290 cal BP Lepofsky et al. 1999 2000a 2000b; Ames 2009 Bird et al. 2022
GrA-13541 plant remains NA NA 1970±50 BP 1999–1745 cal BP Sampson C.G. 2010. Chronology and dynamics of Later Stone Age herders in the upper Seacow River valley South Africa.Journal of Arid Environments74(7) pp.842-848. Bird et al. 2022
GrA-13542 plant remains NA NA 1570±50 BP 1537–1355 cal BP Damblon F Hasaerts P. & vander plicht J. PrÔøΩhisotire europÔøΩenne 1996 9: 177-231. Bird et al. 2022
GrA-13557 plant remains NA NA 1920±130 BP 2295–1534 cal BP Sadr K. and Sampson C.G. 2006. Through thick and thin: early pottery in southern Africa.Journal of African Archaeology4(2) pp.235-252. Bird et al. 2022
OxA-4394 bone NA NA 410±65 BP 530–313 cal BP SARD Bird et al. 2022
OxA-4395 bone NA NA 515±65 BP 654–340 cal BP SARD Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (24)

Classification Estimated age References
NA sampson2010cdl
LSA NA sampson2010cdl; sadr2006tte
NA NA
LSA NA sampson2010cdl
NA NA
LSA NA sampson2010cdl; sadr2006tte
NA NA
LSA NA hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl
NA NA
LSA NA hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA sampson1995rcl
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA sampson2010cdl
NA NA
NA hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl
NA sampson2010cdl
NA sampson2010cdl

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{sampson2010cdl,
  
}
@misc{sampson2010cdl; sadr2006tte,
  
}
@misc{hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl,
  
}
@misc{sampson1995rcl,
  
}
@misc{Lepofsky et al. 1999 2000a 2000b; Ames 2009,
  
}
@misc{Sampson C.G. 2010. Chronology and dynamics of Later Stone Age herders in the upper Seacow River valley South Africa.Journal of Arid Environments74(7) pp.842-848.,
  
}
@misc{Damblon F Hasaerts P.  & vander plicht J. PrÔøΩhisotire europÔøΩenne 1996 9: 177-231.,
  
}
@misc{Sadr K. and Sampson C.G. 2006. Through thick and thin: early pottery in southern Africa.Journal of African Archaeology4(2) pp.235-252.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  
}
@misc{Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2) pp.84-94.,
  
}
@misc{Berry and Berry 1986; Haas and Haynes 1975: 357; Haynes et al. 1984,
  
}
@misc{Haynes et al. 1992:86,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"sampson2010cdl","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"sampson2010cdl; sadr2006tte","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"sampson1995rcl","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lepofsky et al. 1999 2000a 2000b; Ames 2009","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sampson C.G. 2010. Chronology and dynamics of Later Stone Age herders in the upper Seacow River valley South Africa.Journal of Arid Environments74(7) pp.842-848.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Damblon F Hasaerts P.  & vander plicht J. PrÔøΩhisotire europÔøΩenne 1996 9: 177-231.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sadr K. and Sampson C.G. 2006. Through thick and thin: early pottery in southern Africa.Journal of African Archaeology4(2) pp.235-252.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2) pp.84-94.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Berry and Berry 1986; Haas and Haynes 1975: 357; Haynes et al. 1984","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Haynes et al. 1992:86","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: sampson2010cdl
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: sampson2010cdl; sadr2006tte
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: hart1989hvl; bollong1996lsc; sampson2010cdl
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: sampson1995rcl
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lepofsky et al. 1999 2000a 2000b; Ames 2009
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Sampson C.G. 2010. Chronology and dynamics of Later Stone Age herders
  in the upper Seacow River valley South Africa.Journal of Arid Environments74(7)
  pp.842-848.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Damblon F Hasaerts P.  & vander plicht J. PrÔøΩhisotire europÔøΩenne
  1996 9: 177-231.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Sadr K. and Sampson C.G. 2006. Through thick and thin: early pottery
  in southern Africa.Journal of African Archaeology4(2) pp.235-252.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone
  Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2)
  pp.84-94.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Berry and Berry 1986; Haas and Haynes 1975: 357; Haynes et al. 1984'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Haynes et al. 1992:86
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog