Grassridge – XRONOS

Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees): 031.567° S, 026.850° E
Coordinates (DMS): 031° 34' 00" E, 026° 51' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166): South Africa (ZA)

Lab ID	Context	Material	Taxon	Method	Uncalibrated age	Calibrated age	References
CAMS-170783		charcoal	NA	AMS	10125±50 BP	11934–11403 cal BP	Collins B. Wilkins J. and Ames C. 2017. Revisiting the Holocene occupations at Grassridge Rockshelter Eastern Cape South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin72(206) pp.162-170. Bird et al. 2022
UCI-209043	5	charcoal	NA	AMS	6085±15 BP	6985–6897 cal BP	ames2020csf
Beta-532052		charcoal	NA	AMS	6360±30 BP	7415–7172 cal BP	Cosgrove 1995 Bird et al. 2022
CAMS-169741		charcoal	NA	AMS	35000±2200 BP	42555–35450 cal BP	Collins B. Wilkins J. and Ames C. 2017. Revisiting the Holocene occupations at Grassridge Rockshelter Eastern Cape South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin72(206) pp.162-170. Bird et al. 2022
UCI-209046	30	charcoal	NA	AMS	24170±190 BP	28732–27875 cal BP	ames2020csf
UCI-209047	31	charcoal	NA	AMS	32120±240 BP	36951–36085 cal BP	ames2020csf
UCI-209042	1	charcoal	NA	AMS	6040±15 BP	6940–6803 cal BP	ames2020csf
Beta-532051		charcoal	NA	AMS	6470±30 BP	7428–7324 cal BP	Ames C.J. Gliganic L. Cordova C.E. Boyd K. Jones B.G. Maher L. and Collins B.R. 2020. Chronostratigraphy Site Formation and Palaeoenvironmental Context of Late Pleistocene and Holocene Occupations at Grassridge Rock Shelter (Eastern Cape South Africa).Open Quaternary6(1). Bird et al. 2022
UCI-209045	15	charcoal	NA	AMS	6355±25 BP	7321–7175 cal BP	ames2020csf
Beta-532051	16	charcoal	NA	AMS	6470±30 BP	7428–7324 cal BP	ames2020csf
Beta-532052	18	charcoal	NA	AMS	6360±30 BP	7415–7172 cal BP	ames2020csf
CAMS-169741	33	charcoal	NA	AMS	35000±2200 BP	42555–35450 cal BP	collins2017rho
CAMS-170783	22	charcoal	NA	AMS	10125±50 BP	11934–11403 cal BP	collins2017rho
CAMS-170784	10	charcoal	NA	AMS	6200±35 BP	7241–6994 cal BP	collins2017rho
UCI-209048	49	charcoal	NA	AMS	32710±260 BP	37725–36358 cal BP	ames2020csf
UCI-209044	8	charcoal	NA	AMS	6100±15 BP	7148–6937 cal BP	ames2020csf
UCI-209049	37	charcoal	NA	AMS	33830±300 BP	39500–37694 cal BP	ames2020csf
UCI-209041	1	charcoal	NA	AMS	6015±15 BP	6892–6795 cal BP	ames2020csf
UCI-209050	39	charcoal	NA	AMS	34720±330 BP	40545–39304 cal BP	ames2020csf
CAMS-170784		charcoal	NA	AMS	6200±35 BP	7241–6994 cal BP	Dixon 1999; Rainey 1939; Faunmap 4443 Bird et al. 2022

Classification	Estimated age	References
LSA	NA	ames2020csf
Wilton	NA	NA
LSA	NA	ames2020csf
Wilton	NA	NA
LSA	NA	ames2020csf
Wilton	NA	NA
LSA	NA	ames2020csf
Wilton	NA	NA
LSA	NA	ames2020csf
Wilton	NA	NA
MSA	NA	ames2020csf
Final MSA	NA	NA
MSA	NA	ames2020csf
Final MSA	NA	NA
MSA	NA	ames2020csf
Final MSA	NA	NA
MSA	NA	ames2020csf
Final MSA	NA	NA
MSA	NA	ames2020csf
Final MSA	NA	NA

Bibliographic references

No bibliographic information available. [ames2020csf]
No bibliographic information available. [collins2017rho]
No bibliographic information available. [opperman1987lsd]
No bibliographic information available. [opperman1988ems]
No bibliographic information available. [Ames C.J. Gliganic L. Cordova C.E. Boyd K. Jones B.G. Maher L. and Collins B.R. 2020. Chronostratigraphy Site Formation and Palaeoenvironmental Context of Late Pleistocene and Holocene Occupations at Grassridge Rock Shelter (Eastern Cape South Africa).Open Quaternary6(1).]
No bibliographic information available. [Cosgrove 1995]
No bibliographic information available. [Collins B. Wilkins J. and Ames C. 2017. Revisiting the Holocene occupations at Grassridge Rockshelter Eastern Cape South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin72(206) pp.162-170.]
No bibliographic information available. [Dixon 1999; Rainey 1939; Faunmap 4443]
No bibliographic information available. [Opperman H. 1988. An excavation of a Middle Stone Age deposit in Grassridge Rockshelter Sterkstroom District Cape Province.Fort Hare Papers9 pp.51-61.]
No bibliographic information available. [Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.]
No bibliographic information available. [Smith A.B. and Jacobson L. 1995. Excavations at Geduld and the appearance of early domestic stock in Namibia.South African Archaeological Bulletin50(161) pp.3-14.]
No bibliographic information available. [Garfinkel 1999]
No bibliographic information available. [Mazel A.D. 1984. Diamond 1 and Clarke's Shelter: report on excavations in the northern Drakensberg Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum26(1) pp.25-70.]
No bibliographic information available. [Mason Roger D. Mark L. Peterson 1994]
https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database [SARD]
Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]

@misc{ames2020csf,
  
}
@misc{collins2017rho,
  
}
@misc{opperman1987lsd,
  
}
@misc{opperman1988ems,
  
}
@misc{Ames C.J. Gliganic L. Cordova C.E. Boyd K. Jones B.G. Maher L. and Collins B.R. 2020. Chronostratigraphy Site Formation and Palaeoenvironmental Context of Late Pleistocene and Holocene Occupations at Grassridge Rock Shelter (Eastern Cape South Africa).Open Quaternary6(1).,
  
}
@misc{Cosgrove 1995,
  
}
@misc{Collins B. Wilkins J. and Ames C. 2017. Revisiting the Holocene occupations at Grassridge Rockshelter Eastern Cape South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin72(206) pp.162-170.,
  
}
@misc{Dixon 1999; Rainey 1939; Faunmap 4443,
  
}
@misc{Opperman H. 1988. An excavation of a Middle Stone Age deposit in Grassridge Rockshelter Sterkstroom District Cape Province.Fort Hare Papers9 pp.51-61.,
  
}
@misc{Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.,
  
}
@misc{Smith A.B. and Jacobson L. 1995. Excavations at Geduld and the appearance of early domestic stock in Namibia.South African Archaeological Bulletin50(161) pp.3-14.,
  
}
@misc{Garfinkel 1999,
  
}
@misc{Mazel A.D. 1984. Diamond 1 and Clarke's Shelter: report on excavations in the northern Drakensberg Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum26(1) pp.25-70.,
  
}
@misc{Mason Roger D. Mark L. Peterson 1994,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

{"bibtex_key":"ames2020csf","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"collins2017rho","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"opperman1987lsd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"opperman1988ems","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Ames C.J. Gliganic L. Cordova C.E. Boyd K. Jones B.G. Maher L. and Collins B.R. 2020. Chronostratigraphy Site Formation and Palaeoenvironmental Context of Late Pleistocene and Holocene Occupations at Grassridge Rock Shelter (Eastern Cape South Africa).Open Quaternary6(1).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Cosgrove 1995","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Collins B. Wilkins J. and Ames C. 2017. Revisiting the Holocene occupations at Grassridge Rockshelter Eastern Cape South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin72(206) pp.162-170.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Dixon 1999; Rainey 1939; Faunmap 4443","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Opperman H. 1988. An excavation of a Middle Stone Age deposit in Grassridge Rockshelter Sterkstroom District Cape Province.Fort Hare Papers9 pp.51-61.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Smith A.B. and Jacobson L. 1995. Excavations at Geduld and the appearance of early domestic stock in Namibia.South African Archaeological Bulletin50(161) pp.3-14.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Garfinkel 1999","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mazel A.D. 1984. Diamond 1 and Clarke's Shelter: report on excavations in the northern Drakensberg Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum26(1) pp.25-70.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mason Roger D. Mark L. Peterson 1994","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]

---
:bibtex_key: ames2020csf
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: collins2017rho
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: opperman1987lsd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: opperman1988ems
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Ames C.J. Gliganic L. Cordova C.E. Boyd K. Jones B.G. Maher L. and Collins
  B.R. 2020. Chronostratigraphy Site Formation and Palaeoenvironmental Context of
  Late Pleistocene and Holocene Occupations at Grassridge Rock Shelter (Eastern Cape
  South Africa).Open Quaternary6(1).
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Cosgrove 1995
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Collins B. Wilkins J. and Ames C. 2017. Revisiting the Holocene occupations
  at Grassridge Rockshelter Eastern Cape South Africa.The South African Archaeological
  Bulletin72(206) pp.162-170.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Dixon 1999; Rainey 1939; Faunmap 4443
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Opperman H. 1988. An excavation of a Middle Stone Age deposit in Grassridge
  Rockshelter Sterkstroom District Cape Province.Fort Hare Papers9 pp.51-61.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its
  foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Smith A.B. and Jacobson L. 1995. Excavations at Geduld and the appearance
  of early domestic stock in Namibia.South African Archaeological Bulletin50(161)
  pp.3-14.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Garfinkel 1999
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mazel A.D. 1984. Diamond 1 and Clarke''s Shelter: report on excavations
  in the northern Drakensberg Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum26(1) pp.25-70.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Mason Roger D. Mark L. Peterson 1994
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog

Imported from source database via c14bazAAR

XRONOS development team 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC

Location

Linked Data

Radiocarbon dates (42)

Typological dates (42)

Bibliographic references

Changelog

Imported from source database via c14bazAAR