Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
034.533° S, 019.383° E
Coordinates (DMS)
034° 31' 00" E, 019° 22' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (22)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
GaK-3877 charcoal NA conventional 14C 1650±90 BP schweitzer1970pre
GaK-3878 charcoal NA conventional 14C 2620±100 BP schweitzer1970pre
GaK-3955 charcoal NA conventional 14C 1600±120 BP schweitzer1970pre
GaK-3956 charcoal NA conventional 14C 1590±80 BP schweitzer1979ekp
GX-1685 charcoal NA conventional 14C 1465±100 BP schweitzer1970pre
GX-1686 charcoal NA conventional 14C 2020±95 BP schweitzer1979ekp
GX-1687 charcoal NA conventional 14C 1960±95 BP schweitzer1979ekp
GX-1688 charcoal NA conventional 14C 1960±85 BP schweitzer1979ekp
OxA-3860 B5/7 bone Ovis aries AMS 1325±60 BP sealy1994cip
OxA-3861 AA8/7 bone Ovis aries AMS 1290±60 BP sealy1994cip
UW-291 charcoal NA conventional 14C 1570±55 BP schweitzer1979ekp
GX-1685 charcoal NA NA 1465±100 BP Schweitzer F.R. 1979.Excavations at Die Kelders Cape Province South Africa: the Holocene deposits. South African Museum. Bird et al. 2022
GX-1686 charcoal NA NA 2020±95 BP Schweitzer F.R. 1979.Excavations at Die Kelders Cape Province South Africa: the Holocene deposits. South African Museum. Bird et al. 2022
GX-1687 charcoal NA NA 1960±95 BP Maslowski et al. 1995; Stothers et al. 1994; Stothers 1975; Stothers and Abel 1989; Stothers and Pratt 1981 Bird et al. 2022
GX-1688 charcoal NA NA 1960±85 BP Cox and Will 1999 Bird et al. 2022
GaK-3877 charcoal NA NA 1650±90 BP Schweitzer FR. 1970. A Preliminary Report of Excavations of a Cave at Die Kelders. South African Archaeological Bulletin 25:136–138. Bird et al. 2022
GaK-3878 charcoal NA NA 2620±100 BP Tartaglia 1980 Bird et al. 2022
GaK-3955 charcoal NA NA 1600±120 BP Schweitzer F.R. 1979.Excavations at Die Kelders Cape Province South Africa: the Holocene deposits. South African Museum. Bird et al. 2022
GaK-3956 charcoal NA NA 1590±80 BP Kigoshi & Kobayahsi 1965;Luebbers 1978 cit. Bird & Frankel 1991 Bird et al. 2022
OxA-3860 bone NA NA 1325±60 BP Sealy J. and Yates R. 1994. The chronology of the introduction of pastoralism to the Cape South Africa.Antiquity68(258) pp.58-67. Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (22)

Classification Estimated age References
LSA NA schweitzer1970pre
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA schweitzer1970pre
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA schweitzer1970pre
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA schweitzer1979ekp
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA schweitzer1970pre
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA schweitzer1979ekp
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA schweitzer1979ekp
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA schweitzer1979ekp
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA sealy1994cip
Ceramic LSA NA NA
LSA NA sealy1994cip
Ceramic LSA NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{schweitzer1970pre,
  
}
@misc{schweitzer1979ekp,
  
}
@misc{sealy1994cip,
  
}
@misc{Schweitzer F.R. 1979.Excavations at Die Kelders Cape Province South Africa: the Holocene deposits. South African Museum.,
  
}
@misc{Maslowski et al. 1995; Stothers et al. 1994; Stothers 1975; Stothers and Abel 1989; Stothers and Pratt 1981,
  
}
@misc{Cox and Will 1999,
  
}
@misc{Schweitzer FR. 1970. A Preliminary Report of Excavations of a Cave at Die Kelders. South African Archaeological Bulletin 25:136–138.,
  
}
@misc{Tartaglia 1980,
  
}
@misc{Kigoshi & Kobayahsi 1965;Luebbers 1978 cit.  Bird & Frankel 1991,
  
}
@misc{Sealy J. and Yates R. 1994. The chronology of the introduction of pastoralism to the Cape South Africa.Antiquity68(258) pp.58-67.,
  
}
@misc{Lyman 2001; Fairhall et al. 1976: 230-231; Sprague 1976: 565 1981: 208,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"schweitzer1970pre","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"schweitzer1979ekp","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"sealy1994cip","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Schweitzer F.R. 1979.Excavations at Die Kelders Cape Province South Africa: the Holocene deposits. South African Museum.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Maslowski et al. 1995; Stothers et al. 1994; Stothers 1975; Stothers and Abel 1989; Stothers and Pratt 1981","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Cox and Will 1999","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Schweitzer FR. 1970. A Preliminary Report of Excavations of a Cave at Die Kelders. South African Archaeological Bulletin 25:136–138.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Tartaglia 1980","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kigoshi & Kobayahsi 1965;Luebbers 1978 cit.  Bird & Frankel 1991","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sealy J. and Yates R. 1994. The chronology of the introduction of pastoralism to the Cape South Africa.Antiquity68(258) pp.58-67.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lyman 2001; Fairhall et al. 1976: 230-231; Sprague 1976: 565 1981: 208","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: schweitzer1970pre
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: schweitzer1979ekp
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: sealy1994cip
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Schweitzer F.R. 1979.Excavations at Die Kelders Cape Province South
  Africa: the Holocene deposits. South African Museum.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Maslowski et al. 1995; Stothers et al. 1994; Stothers 1975; Stothers
  and Abel 1989; Stothers and Pratt 1981
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Cox and Will 1999
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Schweitzer FR. 1970. A Preliminary Report of Excavations of a Cave at
  Die Kelders. South African Archaeological Bulletin 25:136–138.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Tartaglia 1980
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kigoshi & Kobayahsi 1965;Luebbers 1978 cit.  Bird & Frankel 1991
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Sealy J. and Yates R. 1994. The chronology of the introduction of pastoralism
  to the Cape South Africa.Antiquity68(258) pp.58-67.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Lyman 2001; Fairhall et al. 1976: 230-231; Sprague 1976: 565 1981: 208'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog