Byneskranskop 1

Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees): 034.583° S, 019.467° E
Coordinates (DMS): 034° 34' 00" E, 019° 28' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166): South Africa (ZA)

Lab ID	Taxon	Method	Uncalibrated age	Calibrated age	References
UW-409	NA	conventional 14C	6100±140 BP	7306–6652 cal BP	schweitzer1982bql
UW-409	NA	NA	6100±140 BP	7306–6652 cal BP	Lyman 2001; Browman and Munsell 1969: 250; Fairhall et al. 1966: 504; Greengo 1986: 8 Bird et al. 2022
Pta-2347	NA	conventional 14C	7750±90 BP	8925–8372 cal BP	schweitzer1982bql
Pta-2347	NA	NA	7750±90 BP	8925–8372 cal BP	Morris AG. 1992. The skeletons of contact. A study of protohistoric burials from the lower Orange River valley South Africa. Witwatersrand University Press: Johannesburg Bird et al. 2022
Pta-1905	NA	conventional 14C	6540±55 BP	7566–7327 cal BP	schweitzer1982bql
Pta-1905	NA	NA	6540±55 BP	7566–7327 cal BP	Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80 Bird et al. 2022
Pta-1866	NA	NA	535±50 BP	645–501 cal BP	Beaumont P.B. and Boshier A.K. 1974. Report on test excavations in a prehistoric pigment mine near Postmasburg Northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 29(113): 41-59. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-1866	NA	conventional 14C	535±50 BP	645–501 cal BP	schweitzer1982bql
Pta-1865	NA	NA	1880±50 BP	1926–1640 cal BP	Schweitzer FR and Wilson M. 1982. Byneskranskop 1: A Late Quaternary living site in the southern Cape Province. Annals of the South African Museum 88:1–102. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-1865	NA	conventional 14C	1880±50 BP	1926–1640 cal BP	schweitzer1982bql
Pta-1864	NA	NA	255±50 BP	467–141 cal BP	Schweitzer FR and Wilson M. 1982. Byneskranskop 1: A Late Quaternary living site in the southern Cape Province. Annals of the South African Museum 88:1–102. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-1864	NA	conventional 14C	255±50 BP	467–141 cal BP	schweitzer1982bql
Pta-1772	NA	NA	6370±90 BP	7462–7021 cal BP	Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80 Bird et al. 2022
Pta-1772	NA	conventional 14C	6370±90 BP	7462–7021 cal BP	schweitzer1982bql
Pta-1587	NA	NA	9760±85 BP	11393–10783 cal BP	Huffman T.N. and Vogel J.C. 1991. The chronology of Great Zimbabwe.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.61-70. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-1587	NA	conventional 14C	9760±85 BP	11393–10783 cal BP	schweitzer1982bql
Pta-1571	NA	conventional 14C	3900±60 BP	4515–4151 cal BP	schweitzer1982bql
Pta-1571	NA	NA	3900±60 BP	4515–4151 cal BP	Robertshaw P.T. 1979. Excavations at Duiker Eiland Vredenburg District Cape Province.Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums (Human Sciences)1(1) pp.1-26. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-1569	NA	conventional 14C	3400±55 BP	3826–3485 cal BP	schweitzer1982bql
Pta-1569	NA	NA	3400±55 BP	3826–3485 cal BP	Schweitzer FR and Wilson M. 1982. Byneskranskop 1: A Late Quaternary living site in the southern Cape Province. Annals of the South African Museum 88:1–102. Bird et al. 2022

Classification	Estimated age	References
LSA	NA	schweitzer1982bql
Robberg	NA	NA
LSA	NA	loftus2016rdb
Final LSA	NA	NA
LSA	NA	loftus2016rdb
Wilton	NA	NA
LSA	NA	loftus2016rdb
Wilton	NA	NA
LSA	NA	loftus2016rdb
Wilton	NA	NA
LSA	NA	loftus2016rdb
Wilton	NA	NA
LSA	NA	loftus2016rdb
Wilton	NA	NA
LSA	NA	loftus2016rdb
Wilton	NA	NA
LSA	NA	loftus2016rdb
Oakhurst	NA	NA
LSA	NA	loftus2016rdb
Oakhurst	NA	NA

Bibliographic references

No bibliographic information available. [schweitzer1982bql]
No bibliographic information available. [loftus2016rdb]
No bibliographic information available. [hedges1994rdo]
No bibliographic information available. [Loftus E Sealy JC and Lee-Thorp JA. 2016. New Radiocarbon Dates and Bayesian Models for Nelson Bay Cave and Byneskranskop 1: Implications for the South African Later Stone Age Sequence. Radiocarbon 58(2):365–381.]
No bibliographic information available. [SARD]
No bibliographic information available. [Smith A.B. 1987.Seasonal exploitation of resources on the Vredenburg Peninsula after 2000 BP(No. 332 pp. 393-402). Oxford: BAR International Series.]
No bibliographic information available. [Schweitzer FR and Wilson M. 1982. Byneskranskop 1: A Late Quaternary living site in the southern Cape Province. Annals of the South African Museum 88:1–102.]
No bibliographic information available. [Robertshaw P.T. 1979. Excavations at Duiker Eiland Vredenburg District Cape Province.Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums (Human Sciences)1(1) pp.1-26.]
No bibliographic information available. [Huffman T.N. and Vogel J.C. 1991. The chronology of Great Zimbabwe.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.61-70.]
No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80]
No bibliographic information available. [Beaumont P.B. and Boshier A.K. 1974. Report on test excavations in a prehistoric pigment mine near Postmasburg Northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 29(113): 41-59.]
No bibliographic information available. [Morris AG. 1992. The skeletons of contact. A study of protohistoric burials from the lower Orange River valley South Africa. Witwatersrand University Press: Johannesburg]
No bibliographic information available. [Lyman 2001; Browman and Munsell 1969: 250; Fairhall et al. 1966: 504; Greengo 1986: 8]
https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database [SARD]
Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]

@misc{schweitzer1982bql,
  
}
@misc{loftus2016rdb,
  
}
@misc{hedges1994rdo,
  
}
@misc{Loftus E Sealy JC and Lee-Thorp JA. 2016. New Radiocarbon Dates and Bayesian Models for Nelson Bay Cave and Byneskranskop 1: Implications for the South African Later Stone Age Sequence. Radiocarbon 58(2):365–381.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  
}
@misc{Smith A.B. 1987.Seasonal exploitation of resources on the Vredenburg Peninsula after 2000 BP(No. 332 pp. 393-402). Oxford: BAR International Series.,
  
}
@misc{Schweitzer FR and Wilson M. 1982. Byneskranskop 1: A Late Quaternary living site in the southern Cape Province. Annals of the South African Museum 88:1–102.,
  
}
@misc{Robertshaw P.T. 1979. Excavations at Duiker Eiland Vredenburg District Cape Province.Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums (Human Sciences)1(1) pp.1-26.,
  
}
@misc{Huffman T.N. and Vogel J.C. 1991. The chronology of Great Zimbabwe.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.61-70.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80,
  
}
@misc{Beaumont P.B. and Boshier A.K. 1974. Report on test excavations in a prehistoric pigment mine near Postmasburg Northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 29(113): 41-59.,
  
}
@misc{Morris AG. 1992. The skeletons of contact. A study of protohistoric burials from the lower Orange River valley South Africa. Witwatersrand University Press: Johannesburg,
  
}
@misc{Lyman 2001; Browman and Munsell 1969: 250; Fairhall et al. 1966: 504; Greengo 1986: 8,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

{"bibtex_key":"schweitzer1982bql","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"loftus2016rdb","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"hedges1994rdo","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Loftus E Sealy JC and Lee-Thorp JA. 2016. New Radiocarbon Dates and Bayesian Models for Nelson Bay Cave and Byneskranskop 1: Implications for the South African Later Stone Age Sequence. Radiocarbon 58(2):365–381.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Smith A.B. 1987.Seasonal exploitation of resources on the Vredenburg Peninsula after 2000 BP(No. 332 pp. 393-402). Oxford: BAR International Series.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Schweitzer FR and Wilson M. 1982. Byneskranskop 1: A Late Quaternary living site in the southern Cape Province. Annals of the South African Museum 88:1–102.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Robertshaw P.T. 1979. Excavations at Duiker Eiland Vredenburg District Cape Province.Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums (Human Sciences)1(1) pp.1-26.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Huffman T.N. and Vogel J.C. 1991. The chronology of Great Zimbabwe.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.61-70.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Beaumont P.B. and Boshier A.K. 1974. Report on test excavations in a prehistoric pigment mine near Postmasburg Northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 29(113): 41-59.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Morris AG. 1992. The skeletons of contact. A study of protohistoric burials from the lower Orange River valley South Africa. Witwatersrand University Press: Johannesburg","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lyman 2001; Browman and Munsell 1969: 250; Fairhall et al. 1966: 504; Greengo 1986: 8","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]

---
:bibtex_key: schweitzer1982bql
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: loftus2016rdb
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: hedges1994rdo
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Loftus E Sealy JC and Lee-Thorp JA. 2016. New Radiocarbon Dates and
  Bayesian Models for Nelson Bay Cave and Byneskranskop 1: Implications for the South
  African Later Stone Age Sequence. Radiocarbon 58(2):365–381.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Smith A.B. 1987.Seasonal exploitation of resources on the Vredenburg
  Peninsula after 2000 BP(No. 332 pp. 393-402). Oxford: BAR International Series.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Schweitzer FR and Wilson M. 1982. Byneskranskop 1: A Late Quaternary
  living site in the southern Cape Province. Annals of the South African Museum 88:1–102.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Robertshaw P.T. 1979. Excavations at Duiker Eiland Vredenburg District
  Cape Province.Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums (Human Sciences)1(1) pp.1-26.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Huffman T.N. and Vogel J.C. 1991. The chronology of Great Zimbabwe.The
  South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.61-70.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon
  23: 43-80'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Beaumont P.B. and Boshier A.K. 1974. Report on test excavations in a
  prehistoric pigment mine near Postmasburg Northern Cape.The South African Archaeological
  Bulletin 29(113): 41-59.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Morris AG. 1992. The skeletons of contact. A study of protohistoric
  burials from the lower Orange River valley South Africa. Witwatersrand University
  Press: Johannesburg'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Lyman 2001; Browman and Munsell 1969: 250; Fairhall et al. 1966: 504;
  Greengo 1986: 8'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog

Imported from source database via c14bazAAR

XRONOS development team 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC

Location

Linked Data

Radiocarbon dates (47)

Typological dates (48)

Bibliographic references

Changelog

Imported from source database via c14bazAAR