Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
024.583° S, 030.633° E
Coordinates (DMS)
024° 34' 00" E, 030° 37' 00" S
Country (ISO 3166)
South Africa (ZA)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (26)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Pta-1175 charcoal NA NA 12310±120 BP 14940–14030 cal BP Plug I. 1981. Bushman rock shelter.Guide to archaeological sites in the Northern and Eastern Transvaal pp.110-131. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-1176 charcoal NA NA 12470±120 BP 15105–14169 cal BP Plug I. 1981. Bushman rock shelter.Guide to archaeological sites in the Northern and Eastern Transvaal pp.110-131. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-1177 charcoal NA NA 12800±75 BP 15530–15085 cal BP Plug I. 1981. Bushman rock shelter.Guide to archaeological sites in the Northern and Eastern Transvaal pp.110-131. Bird et al. 2022
Pta-1178 charcoal NA NA 12950±40 BP 15611–15345 cal BP Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80 Bird et al. 2022
Pta-1242 charcoal NA NA 23900±320 BP 28756–27465 cal BP Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117 Bird et al. 2022
UCLA-1755 B bone NA NA 27400±1600 BP 34831–28540 cal BP SARD Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (26)

Classification Estimated age References
LSA NA plug1981bs; vogel1969rdb
Oakhurst NA NA
LSA NA plug1981bs
Robberg NA NA
LSA NA plug1981bs
NA NA
LSA NA plug1981bs
NA NA
LSA NA plug1981bs; vogel1969rdb
Oakhurst NA NA
LSA NA plug1981bs; vogel1969rdb
NA NA
LSA NA plug1981bs; vogel1969rdb
Oakhurst NA NA
LSA NA plug1981bs
Robberg NA NA
LSA NA plug1981bs
NA NA
MSA NA plug1981bs
NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{plug1981bs; vogel1969rdb,
  
}
@misc{plug1981bs,
  
}
@misc{vogel1986prd,
  
}
@misc{Plug I. 1981. Bushman rock shelter.Guide to archaeological sites in the Northern and Eastern Transvaal pp.110-131.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel and Waterbolk 1967 128,
  
}
@misc{P. Allsworth-Jones Colloque Nemours 1988 pp. 79-95 T.C. Hauck  / Quaternary International 485 (2018) 150e166,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  
}
@misc{Çambel and Braidwood (eds.) 1980a 54,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"plug1981bs; vogel1969rdb","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"plug1981bs","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"vogel1986prd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Plug I. 1981. Bushman rock shelter.Guide to archaeological sites in the Northern and Eastern Transvaal pp.110-131.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel and Waterbolk 1967 128","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"P. Allsworth-Jones Colloque Nemours 1988 pp. 79-95 T.C. Hauck  / Quaternary International 485 (2018) 150e166","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Çambel and Braidwood (eds.) 1980a 54","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: plug1981bs; vogel1969rdb
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: plug1981bs
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: vogel1986prd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Plug I. 1981. Bushman rock shelter.Guide to archaeological sites in the
  Northern and Eastern Transvaal pp.110-131.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vogel and Waterbolk 1967 128
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: P. Allsworth-Jones Colloque Nemours 1988 pp. 79-95 T.C. Hauck  / Quaternary
  International 485 (2018) 150e166
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Çambel and Braidwood (eds.) 1980a 54
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon
  23: 43-80'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III.
  Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog