Site types
Settlement and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
030.786° N, 031.823° E
Coordinates (DMS)
030° 47' 00" E, 031° 49' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Egypt (EG)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (89)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
VERA-3641 N/2–3 seed NA AMS 3739±38 BP 4231–3980 cal BP FalconerFall.2016Jordan, ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial
VERA-3642 G/1-3 seed NA AMS 3447±25 BP 3826–3636 cal BP ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
VERA-3643 F-E/3 seed NA AMS 3450±26 BP 3827–3636 cal BP ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
VERA-3644 G/1-3 seed NA AMS 3641±36 BP 4084–3850 cal BP ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
VERA-3645 D/3-D/2 seed NA AMS 3351±38 BP 3688–3470 cal BP ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
VERA-3724 C/2-3 seed NA AMS 3320±29 BP 3619–3459 cal BP ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
VERA-3725 C/2-3 seed NA AMS 3336±29 BP 3636–3481 cal BP ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
OxA-15901 D/2 seed NA AMS 3479±33 BP 3835–3644 cal BP ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
OxA-15948 E/1 grain NA AMS 3511±32 BP 3871–3695 cal BP ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
OxA-15949 E/1 grain NA AMS 3437±30 BP 3824–3580 cal BP ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
OxA-15950c H seed NA AMS 3490±32 BP 3839–3648 cal BP ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
OxA-15951 H seed NA AMS 3522±32 BP 3882–3699 cal BP ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
OxA-15952 H seed NA AMS 3577±32 BP 3974–3730 cal BP ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
OxA-15953 D/2 seed NA AMS 3392±31 BP 3712–3499 cal BP ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
OxA-15954 G/4 seed NA AMS 3532±34 BP 3897–3699 cal BP ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
OxA-15955c G/4 seed NA AMS 3530±32 BP 3894–3699 cal BP ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
OxA-15956 G/4 seed NA AMS 3504±32 BP 3870–3691 cal BP ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
OxA-15957 C/2-3 seed NA AMS 3322±31 BP 3625–3459 cal BP ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
OxA-15958c C/2-3 seed NA AMS 3287±33 BP 3573–3446 cal BP ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
OxA-15959 C/2-3 seed NA AMS 3296±31 BP 3570–3453 cal BP ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk

typological date Typological dates (66)

Classification Estimated age References
MBA I, EBA IV NA ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
EBA IV NA ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
MBA I NA FalconerFall.2016Jordan, ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
EBA IV NA FalconerFall.2016Jordan, ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
EBA IV NA FalconerFall.2016Jordan, ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
MBA I? NA ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
MBA I NA ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
MBA I NA ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
MBA I NA ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
MBA I/II NA ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
MBA II NA ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
MBA III NA ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
MBA III NA ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
MBA III NA ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
LBA I NA ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
EBA IV NA FalconerFall.2016Jordan, ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
LBA I NA ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
MBA III NA ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
MBA III NA ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
MBA II NA ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk,
  
}
@misc{FalconerFall.2016Jordan, ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk,
  
}
@misc{FalconerFall.2016Jordan, ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial,
  
}
@misc{EgyRadDat, ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk,
  
}
@misc{CalPal, EgyRadDat, ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, BurleighMatthews.1982BMXIV, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk,
  
}
@misc{RC24(1982)160,
  
}
@misc{EgyRadDat,
  
}
@misc{MedAfriCarbon,
  
}
@misc{ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII,
  
}
@misc{Kutschera 2012,
  
}
@misc{FalconerFall.2016Jordan,
  
}
@misc{MedAfriCarbon,
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/3689716},
  note = {Lucarini, Giulio, Wilkinson, Toby, Crema, Enrico R., Palombini, Augusto, Bevan, Andrew, & Broodbank, Cyprian. (2020). The MedAfriCarbon radiocarbon database and web application. Archaeological dynamics in Mediterranean Africa, ca. 9600-700 BC [Data set]. In Journal of Open Archaeology Data (1.0.3). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3689716}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"FalconerFall.2016Jordan, ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"FalconerFall.2016Jordan, ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"EgyRadDat, ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CalPal, EgyRadDat, ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, BurleighMatthews.1982BMXIV, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC24(1982)160","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"EgyRadDat","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"MedAfriCarbon","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kutschera 2012","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"FalconerFall.2016Jordan","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"MedAfriCarbon","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/3689716}","note":"{Lucarini, Giulio, Wilkinson, Toby, Crema, Enrico R., Palombini, Augusto, Bevan, Andrew, & Broodbank, Cyprian. (2020). The MedAfriCarbon radiocarbon database and web application. Archaeological dynamics in Mediterranean Africa, ca. 9600-700 BC [Data set]. In Journal of Open Archaeology Data (1.0.3). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3689716}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde,
  vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: FalconerFall.2016Jordan, ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial,
  DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde, vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: FalconerFall.2016Jordan, ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, KutscheraBietak.2012Crucial
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: EgyRadDat, ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde,
  vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CalPal, EgyRadDat, ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII, DrieschPeters.2001FruPferde,
  vondenDriesch.1986Tierkn, BurleighMatthews.1982BMXIV, Boessneck.1976TeIDabTierk
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC24(1982)160
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: EgyRadDat
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: MedAfriCarbon
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: ForstnerMuellerJeuthe.2015RIII
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kutschera 2012
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: FalconerFall.2016Jordan
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: MedAfriCarbon
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/3689716}"
  :note: "{Lucarini, Giulio, Wilkinson, Toby, Crema, Enrico R., Palombini, Augusto,
    Bevan, Andrew, & Broodbank, Cyprian. (2020). The MedAfriCarbon radiocarbon database
    and web application. Archaeological dynamics in Mediterranean Africa, ca. 9600-700
    BC [Data set]. In Journal of Open Archaeology Data (1.0.3). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3689716}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog