Site types
Cave and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
050.570° N, 005.680° E
Coordinates (DMS)
050° 34' 00" E, 005° 40' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Belgium (BE)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (29)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Lv-1838 habitat bone NA 14C 42000±0 BP Gilot 1993 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1642 habitat bone NA 14C 35380±187 BP Gilot 1993 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1641 habitat bone NA 14C 33830±1790 BP Djindjian et al. 1999 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1557 habitat bone NA 14C 30460±700 BP Gilot 1993 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1587 habitat charcoal NA 14C 30000±760 BP Djindjian et al. 2003 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1592 habitat bone NA 14C 29470±640 BP Gilot 1993 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1867 habitat bone NA 14C 25860±450 BP Gilot 1993 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1837 habitat bone NA 14C 24500±580 BP Gilot 1971 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1651 habitat antler NA 14C 22800±400 BP Gilot 1971 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1581 habitat bone NA 14C 21230±650 BP Gilot 1993 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1593 habitat bone NA 14C 13120±190 BP Gilot 1993 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1582 habitat bone NA 14C 13030±140 BP Gilot 1993 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1556 habitat bone NA 14C 9990±160 BP Lanting and van der Plicht 1996 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1583 habitat bone NA 14C 9450±270 BP Gilot 1993 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
GrN-22769 humic NA NA 28010±340 BP Roodenberg & Schier 2001 Bird et al. 2022
GrN-22904 humic NA NA 27760±780 BP van Willigen 2006 Bird et al. 2022
Lv-1557 tooth NA NA 30460±700 BP Otte M. & Miller R. 1999. Chronologie palÔøΩolithique du Benelux: phase rÔøΩcente (40-10000 BP). In: European Late Pleistocene Isotope Stages 2 and 3: humans their ecology & cultural adaptations Eraul 90: Bird et al. 2022
Lv-1581D bone Coelodonta antiquitatis Linty NA NA 21230±650 BP Otte M. & Miller R. 1999. Chronologie palÔøΩolithique du Benelux: phase rÔøΩcente (40-10000 BP). In: European Late Pleistocene Isotope Stages 2 and 3: humans their ecology & cultural adaptations Eraul 90: Bird et al. 2022
Lv-1582 bone Coelodonta antiquitatis Linty NA NA 13030±140 BP Gilot 1997; Dewez 1986; Gilot 1993a Bird et al. 2022
Lv-1592 bone NA NA 29470±640 BP Otte M. & Miller R. 1999. Chronologie palÔøΩolithique du Benelux: phase rÔøΩcente (40-10000 BP). In: European Late Pleistocene Isotope Stages 2 and 3: humans their ecology & cultural adaptations Eraul 90: Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (25)

Classification Estimated age References
Middle Paleolithic NA Gilot 1993
Mousterian NA NA
unspec. NA Gilot 1993
Upper Paleolithic NA Djindjian et al. 1999
Aurignacian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Gilot 1993
Aurignacian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Djindjian et al. 2003
Aurignacian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Gilot 1993
Aurignacian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Gilot 1993
Gravettian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Gilot 1971
Gravettian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Gilot 1971
Gravettian NA NA
unspec. NA Gilot 1993
Upper Paleolithic NA Gilot 1993
Magdalenian NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{Gilot 1993,
  
}
@misc{Djindjian et al. 1999,
  
}
@misc{Djindjian et al. 2003,
  
}
@misc{Gilot 1971,
  
}
@misc{Lanting and van der Plicht 1996,
  
}
@misc{Roodenberg & Schier 2001,
  
}
@misc{van Willigen 2006,
  
}
@misc{Otte M. & Miller R. 1999. Chronologie palÔøΩolithique du Benelux: phase rÔøΩcente (40-10000 BP). In: European Late Pleistocene Isotope Stages 2 and 3: humans their ecology & cultural adaptations Eraul 90:,
  
}
@misc{Gilot 1997; Dewez 1986; Gilot 1993a,
  
}
@misc{Gilot 1997,
  
}
@misc{Draily C. 1985. Notae Praehistoricae 18: 25-32. Dewez M. 2008. BAR IS 1789.. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309. Toussaint M.  Am J  Phys Anthropol. 2017;164:193-202,
  
}
@misc{Gilot et al. 1965: 121; Cahen/Moeyersons 1977: 813 Tab. 1; van Noten 1982,
  
}
@misc{Gilot E. 1997. Studia Praehistorica Belgica 7.,
  
}
@misc{Otte M. & Miller R. 1999. Chronologie palÔøΩolithique du Benelux: phase rÔøΩcente (40-10000 BP). In: European Late Pleistocene Isotope Stages 2 and 3: humans their ecology & cultural adaptations Eraul 90: 81-95. Draily C.  2011.La grote Walou,
  
}
@misc{Moga 2008,
  
}
@misc{Peltenburg 1988 13,
  
}
@misc{.Toussaint M.  Am J  Phys Anthropol. 2017;164:193-202,
  
}
@article{dErricoEtAl2011,
  title = {PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database},
  author = {},
  date = {2011},
  journaltitle = {PaleoAnthropology},
  volume = {2011},
  pages = {1–12},
  abstract = {Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.},
  keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"Gilot 1993","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Djindjian et al. 1999","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Djindjian et al. 2003","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gilot 1971","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lanting and van der Plicht 1996","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Roodenberg & Schier 2001","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"van Willigen 2006","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Otte M. & Miller R. 1999. Chronologie palÔøΩolithique du Benelux: phase rÔøΩcente (40-10000 BP). In: European Late Pleistocene Isotope Stages 2 and 3: humans their ecology & cultural adaptations Eraul 90:","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gilot 1997; Dewez 1986; Gilot 1993a","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gilot 1997","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Draily C. 1985. Notae Praehistoricae 18: 25-32. Dewez M. 2008. BAR IS 1789.. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309. Toussaint M.  Am J  Phys Anthropol. 2017;164:193-202","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gilot et al. 1965: 121; Cahen/Moeyersons 1977: 813 Tab. 1; van Noten 1982","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gilot E. 1997. Studia Praehistorica Belgica 7.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Otte M. & Miller R. 1999. Chronologie palÔøΩolithique du Benelux: phase rÔøΩcente (40-10000 BP). In: European Late Pleistocene Isotope Stages 2 and 3: humans their ecology & cultural adaptations Eraul 90: 81-95. Draily C.  2011.La grote Walou","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Moga 2008","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Peltenburg 1988 13","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":".Toussaint M.  Am J  Phys Anthropol. 2017;164:193-202","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"dErricoEtAl2011","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}","author":"{}","date":"{2011}","journaltitle":"{PaleoAnthropology}","volume":"{2011}","pages":"{1–12}","abstract":"{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.}","keywords":"{⛔ No DOI found}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Gilot 1993
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Djindjian et al. 1999
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Djindjian et al. 2003
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gilot 1971
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lanting and van der Plicht 1996
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Roodenberg & Schier 2001
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: van Willigen 2006
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Otte M. & Miller R. 1999. Chronologie palÔøΩolithique du Benelux: phase
  rÔøΩcente (40-10000 BP). In: European Late Pleistocene Isotope Stages 2 and 3: humans
  their ecology & cultural adaptations Eraul 90:'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gilot 1997; Dewez 1986; Gilot 1993a
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gilot 1997
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Draily C. 1985. Notae Praehistoricae 18: 25-32. Dewez M. 2008. BAR IS
  1789.. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309. Toussaint M.  Am J  Phys Anthropol.
  2017;164:193-202'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Gilot et al. 1965: 121; Cahen/Moeyersons 1977: 813 Tab. 1; van Noten
  1982'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gilot E. 1997. Studia Praehistorica Belgica 7.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Otte M. & Miller R. 1999. Chronologie palÔøΩolithique du Benelux: phase
  rÔøΩcente (40-10000 BP). In: European Late Pleistocene Isotope Stages 2 and 3: humans
  their ecology & cultural adaptations Eraul 90: 81-95. Draily C.  2011.La grote Walou'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Moga 2008
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Peltenburg 1988 13
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: ".Toussaint M.  Am J  Phys Anthropol. 2017;164:193-202"
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: dErricoEtAl2011
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}"
  :author: "{}"
  :date: "{2011}"
  :journaltitle: "{PaleoAnthropology}"
  :volume: "{2011}"
  :pages: "{1–12}"
  :abstract: "{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic
    and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper
    we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon
    ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene
    in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C
    age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine
    Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820,
    AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive
    contextual information on the dated samples.}"
  :keywords: "{⛔ No DOI found}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog