Trou Walou – XRONOS

Site types

Cave and

Location

Map Map with labels Imagery

100 m

Leaflet Tiles © Esri — Source: Esri, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, GeoEye, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, UPR-EGP, and the GIS User Community

Coordinates (degrees): 050.570° N, 005.680° E
Coordinates (DMS): 050° 34' 00" E, 005° 40' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166): Belgium (BE)

Lab ID	Context	Material	Taxon	Method	Uncalibrated age	Calibrated age	References
Lv-1838	habitat	bone	NA	14C	42000±0 BP	44685–44660 cal BP	Gilot 1993 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1642	habitat	bone	NA	14C	35380±187 BP	40935–40100 cal BP	Gilot 1993 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1641	habitat	bone	NA	14C	33830±1790 BP	41845–35208 cal BP	Djindjian et al. 1999 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1557	habitat	bone	NA	14C	30460±700 BP	36251–33525 cal BP	Gilot 1993 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1587	habitat	charcoal	NA	14C	30000±760 BP	36044–32300 cal BP	Djindjian et al. 2003 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1592	habitat	bone	NA	14C	29470±640 BP	35151–32145 cal BP	Gilot 1993 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1867	habitat	bone	NA	14C	25860±450 BP	30975–29223 cal BP	Gilot 1993 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1837	habitat	bone	NA	14C	24500±580 BP	29960–27691 cal BP	Gilot 1971 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1651	habitat	antler	NA	14C	22800±400 BP	27771–26130 cal BP	Gilot 1971 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1581	habitat	bone	NA	14C	21230±650 BP	26908–23965 cal BP	Gilot 1993 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1593	habitat	bone	NA	14C	13120±190 BP	16273–15205 cal BP	Gilot 1993 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1582	habitat	bone	NA	14C	13030±140 BP	16000–15210 cal BP	Gilot 1993 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1556	habitat	bone	NA	14C	9990±160 BP	12427–10894 cal BP	Lanting and van der Plicht 1996 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
Lv-1583	habitat	bone	NA	14C	9450±270 BP	11604–9914 cal BP	Gilot 1993 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
GrN-22769		humic	NA	NA	28010±340 BP	33045–31273 cal BP	Roodenberg & Schier 2001 Bird et al. 2022
GrN-22904		humic	NA	NA	27760±780 BP	33826–30431 cal BP	van Willigen 2006 Bird et al. 2022
Lv-1557		tooth	NA	NA	30460±700 BP	36251–33525 cal BP	Otte M. & Miller R. 1999. Chronologie palÔøΩolithique du Benelux: phase rÔøΩcente (40-10000 BP). In: European Late Pleistocene Isotope Stages 2 and 3: humans their ecology & cultural adaptations Eraul 90: Bird et al. 2022
Lv-1581D		bone Coelodonta antiquitatis Linty	NA	NA	21230±650 BP	26908–23965 cal BP	Otte M. & Miller R. 1999. Chronologie palÔøΩolithique du Benelux: phase rÔøΩcente (40-10000 BP). In: European Late Pleistocene Isotope Stages 2 and 3: humans their ecology & cultural adaptations Eraul 90: Bird et al. 2022
Lv-1582		bone Coelodonta antiquitatis Linty	NA	NA	13030±140 BP	16000–15210 cal BP	Gilot 1997; Dewez 1986; Gilot 1993a Bird et al. 2022
Lv-1592		bone	NA	NA	29470±640 BP	35151–32145 cal BP	Otte M. & Miller R. 1999. Chronologie palÔøΩolithique du Benelux: phase rÔøΩcente (40-10000 BP). In: European Late Pleistocene Isotope Stages 2 and 3: humans their ecology & cultural adaptations Eraul 90: Bird et al. 2022

Classification	Estimated age	References
Middle Paleolithic	NA	Gilot 1993
Mousterian	NA	NA
unspec.	NA	Gilot 1993
Upper Paleolithic	NA	Djindjian et al. 1999
Aurignacian	NA	NA
Upper Paleolithic	NA	Gilot 1993
Aurignacian	NA	NA
Upper Paleolithic	NA	Djindjian et al. 2003
Aurignacian	NA	NA
Upper Paleolithic	NA	Gilot 1993
Aurignacian	NA	NA
Upper Paleolithic	NA	Gilot 1993
Gravettian	NA	NA
Upper Paleolithic	NA	Gilot 1971
Gravettian	NA	NA
Upper Paleolithic	NA	Gilot 1971
Gravettian	NA	NA
unspec.	NA	Gilot 1993
Upper Paleolithic	NA	Gilot 1993
Magdalenian	NA	NA

Bibliographic references

No bibliographic information available. [Gilot 1993]
No bibliographic information available. [Djindjian et al. 1999]
No bibliographic information available. [Djindjian et al. 2003]
No bibliographic information available. [Gilot 1971]
No bibliographic information available. [Lanting and van der Plicht 1996]
No bibliographic information available. [Roodenberg & Schier 2001]
No bibliographic information available. [van Willigen 2006]
No bibliographic information available. [Otte M. & Miller R. 1999. Chronologie palÔøΩolithique du Benelux: phase rÔøΩcente (40-10000 BP). In: European Late Pleistocene Isotope Stages 2 and 3: humans their ecology & cultural adaptations Eraul 90:]
No bibliographic information available. [Gilot 1997; Dewez 1986; Gilot 1993a]
No bibliographic information available. [Gilot 1997]
No bibliographic information available. [Draily C. 1985. Notae Praehistoricae 18: 25-32. Dewez M. 2008. BAR IS 1789.. Higham T. 2014. Nature 512: 306-309. Toussaint M. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2017;164:193-202]
No bibliographic information available. [Gilot et al. 1965: 121; Cahen/Moeyersons 1977: 813 Tab. 1; van Noten 1982]
No bibliographic information available. [Gilot E. 1997. Studia Praehistorica Belgica 7.]
No bibliographic information available. [Otte M. & Miller R. 1999. Chronologie palÔøΩolithique du Benelux: phase rÔøΩcente (40-10000 BP). In: European Late Pleistocene Isotope Stages 2 and 3: humans their ecology & cultural adaptations Eraul 90: 81-95. Draily C. 2011.La grote Walou]
No bibliographic information available. [Moga 2008]
No bibliographic information available. [Peltenburg 1988 13]
No bibliographic information available. [.Toussaint M. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2017;164:193-202]
PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database. (2011). PaleoAnthropology, 2011, 1–12. [PACEA]
Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]

@misc{Gilot 1993,
  
}
@misc{Djindjian et al. 1999,
  
}
@misc{Djindjian et al. 2003,
  
}
@misc{Gilot 1971,
  
}
@misc{Lanting and van der Plicht 1996,
  
}
@misc{Roodenberg & Schier 2001,
  
}
@misc{van Willigen 2006,
  
}
@misc{Otte M. & Miller R. 1999. Chronologie palÔøΩolithique du Benelux: phase rÔøΩcente (40-10000 BP). In: European Late Pleistocene Isotope Stages 2 and 3: humans their ecology & cultural adaptations Eraul 90:,
  
}
@misc{Gilot 1997; Dewez 1986; Gilot 1993a,
  
}
@misc{Gilot 1997,
  
}
@misc{Draily C. 1985. Notae Praehistoricae 18: 25-32. Dewez M. 2008. BAR IS 1789.. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309. Toussaint M.  Am J  Phys Anthropol. 2017;164:193-202,
  
}
@misc{Gilot et al. 1965: 121; Cahen/Moeyersons 1977: 813 Tab. 1; van Noten 1982,
  
}
@misc{Gilot E. 1997. Studia Praehistorica Belgica 7.,
  
}
@misc{Otte M. & Miller R. 1999. Chronologie palÔøΩolithique du Benelux: phase rÔøΩcente (40-10000 BP). In: European Late Pleistocene Isotope Stages 2 and 3: humans their ecology & cultural adaptations Eraul 90: 81-95. Draily C.  2011.La grote Walou,
  
}
@misc{Moga 2008,
  
}
@misc{Peltenburg 1988 13,
  
}
@misc{.Toussaint M.  Am J  Phys Anthropol. 2017;164:193-202,
  
}
@article{dErricoEtAl2011,
  title = {PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database},
  author = {},
  date = {2011},
  journaltitle = {PaleoAnthropology},
  volume = {2011},
  pages = {1–12},
  abstract = {Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.},
  keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

{"bibtex_key":"Gilot 1993","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Djindjian et al. 1999","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Djindjian et al. 2003","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gilot 1971","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lanting and van der Plicht 1996","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Roodenberg & Schier 2001","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"van Willigen 2006","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Otte M. & Miller R. 1999. Chronologie palÔøΩolithique du Benelux: phase rÔøΩcente (40-10000 BP). In: European Late Pleistocene Isotope Stages 2 and 3: humans their ecology & cultural adaptations Eraul 90:","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gilot 1997; Dewez 1986; Gilot 1993a","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gilot 1997","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Draily C. 1985. Notae Praehistoricae 18: 25-32. Dewez M. 2008. BAR IS 1789.. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309. Toussaint M.  Am J  Phys Anthropol. 2017;164:193-202","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gilot et al. 1965: 121; Cahen/Moeyersons 1977: 813 Tab. 1; van Noten 1982","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gilot E. 1997. Studia Praehistorica Belgica 7.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Otte M. & Miller R. 1999. Chronologie palÔøΩolithique du Benelux: phase rÔøΩcente (40-10000 BP). In: European Late Pleistocene Isotope Stages 2 and 3: humans their ecology & cultural adaptations Eraul 90: 81-95. Draily C.  2011.La grote Walou","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Moga 2008","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Peltenburg 1988 13","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":".Toussaint M.  Am J  Phys Anthropol. 2017;164:193-202","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"dErricoEtAl2011","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}","author":"{}","date":"{2011}","journaltitle":"{PaleoAnthropology}","volume":"{2011}","pages":"{1–12}","abstract":"{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.}","keywords":"{⛔ No DOI found}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]

---
:bibtex_key: Gilot 1993
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Djindjian et al. 1999
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Djindjian et al. 2003
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gilot 1971
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lanting and van der Plicht 1996
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Roodenberg & Schier 2001
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: van Willigen 2006
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Otte M. & Miller R. 1999. Chronologie palÔøΩolithique du Benelux: phase
  rÔøΩcente (40-10000 BP). In: European Late Pleistocene Isotope Stages 2 and 3: humans
  their ecology & cultural adaptations Eraul 90:'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gilot 1997; Dewez 1986; Gilot 1993a
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gilot 1997
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Draily C. 1985. Notae Praehistoricae 18: 25-32. Dewez M. 2008. BAR IS
  1789.. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309. Toussaint M.  Am J  Phys Anthropol.
  2017;164:193-202'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Gilot et al. 1965: 121; Cahen/Moeyersons 1977: 813 Tab. 1; van Noten
  1982'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gilot E. 1997. Studia Praehistorica Belgica 7.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Otte M. & Miller R. 1999. Chronologie palÔøΩolithique du Benelux: phase
  rÔøΩcente (40-10000 BP). In: European Late Pleistocene Isotope Stages 2 and 3: humans
  their ecology & cultural adaptations Eraul 90: 81-95. Draily C.  2011.La grote Walou'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Moga 2008
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Peltenburg 1988 13
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: ".Toussaint M.  Am J  Phys Anthropol. 2017;164:193-202"
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: dErricoEtAl2011
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}"
  :author: "{}"
  :date: "{2011}"
  :journaltitle: "{PaleoAnthropology}"
  :volume: "{2011}"
  :pages: "{1–12}"
  :abstract: "{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic
    and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper
    we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon
    ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene
    in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C
    age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine
    Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820,
    AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive
    contextual information on the dated samples.}"
  :keywords: "{⛔ No DOI found}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog

Imported from source database via c14bazAAR

XRONOS development team 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC

Location

Linked Data

Radiocarbon dates (29)

Typological dates (25)

Bibliographic references

Changelog

Imported from source database via c14bazAAR