Site types
Cave and

Location

100 m
Leaflet Tiles © Esri — Source: Esri, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, GeoEye, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, UPR-EGP, and the GIS User Community
Coordinates (degrees)
050.220° N, 004.920° E
Coordinates (DMS)
050° 13' 00" E, 004° 55' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Belgium (BE)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (28)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
CAMS-10352 habitat bone NA AMS 41300±1690 BP 46870–42260 cal BP Otte and Straus 1995 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
GX-18537G habitat bone collagen NA 14C 34225±1925 BP 42093–35340 cal BP Otte and Straus 1995 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
GX-18539G habitat bone collagen NA 14C 33800±0 BP 39130–39102 cal BP Otte and Straus 1995 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
CAMS-10358 habitat bone NA AMS 30890±660 BP 36496–34160 cal BP Otte and Straus 1995 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
GX-18538G habitat bone collagen NA 14C 30100±2200 BP 39295–30282 cal BP Otte and Straus 1995 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
GX-18540G habitat bone collagen NA 14C 27900±3400 BP 39160–26045 cal BP Otte and Straus 1995 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
GX-17017G habitat bone collagen NA 14C 26580±1310 BP 33710–28180 cal BP Otte and Straus 1995 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
GX-17017A habitat bone collagen NA 14C 22700±1150 BP 29200–24515 cal BP Otte and Straus 1995 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
CAMS-10362 habitat bone NA AMS 21550±190 BP 26285–25360 cal BP Otte and Straus 1995 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
OxA-4040 habitat charcoal NA AMS 17900±200 BP 22235–21110 cal BP Otte and Straus 1995 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
CAMS-10356 habitat bone NA AMS 12450±250 BP 15395–13806 cal BP Otte and Straus 1995 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
CAMS-10352 Aspartic acid from non modified bone not associated with Aurignacian NA NA 41300±1690 BP 46870–42260 cal BP Anfinson 1997: 35; Dixon 1999: 115; Jenks 1936 Bird et al. 2022
CAMS-10356 aspartic acid NA NA 12450±250 BP 15395–13806 cal BP M. Otte et L.G. Straus 1995 Le Trou Magrite - Fouilles 1991-1992 LiÔøΩge Eraul 69 Bird et al. 2022
CAMS-10358 aspartic acid NA NA 30890±660 BP 36496–34160 cal BP COLTRAIN Bird et al. 2022
CAMS-10362 aspartic acid NA NA 21550±190 BP 26285–25360 cal BP SIMMS LOVELAND AND STUART 1991 Bird et al. 2022
GX-17017 NA NA 26580±1310 BP 33710–28180 cal BP M. Otte et L.G. Straus 1995 Le Trou Magrite - Fouilles 1991-1992 LiÔøΩge Eraul 69. Charles R. 2003. Anthropoloigica et Prehistorica: 81-84. Flas D. 2008.Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253. Bird et al. 2022
GX-17017G bone Coelodonta antiquitatis Linty NA NA 26580±1310 BP 33710–28180 cal BP Guillen 1992 Standen 1997 Bird et al. 2022
GX-17540 NA NA 27900±3400 BP 39160–26045 cal BP Ziolkowski et al 1994 Bird et al. 2022
GX-18537G bone NA NA 34225±2200 BP 42236–34830 cal BP M. Otte Service de PrÔøΩhistoire 7 Place du XX aoÔøΩt bÔøΩt. A1 B-400 LiÔøΩge Belgium. Charles 2003. Flas D. 2008.Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253. Bird et al. 2022
GX-18538G bone Coelodonta antiquitatis Linty NA NA 30100±2200 BP 39295–30282 cal BP M. Otte et L.G. Straus 1995 Le Trou Magrite - Fouilles 1991-1992 LiÔøΩge Eraul 69 Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (22)

Classification Estimated age References
Upper Paleolithic NA Otte and Straus 1995
Aurignacian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Otte and Straus 1995
Aurignacian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Otte and Straus 1995
Aurignacian NA NA
Middle Paleolithic NA Otte and Straus 1995
Mousterian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Otte and Straus 1995
Aurignacian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Otte and Straus 1995
Aurignacian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Otte and Straus 1995
Aurignacian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Otte and Straus 1995
Aurignacian NA NA
Middle Paleolithic NA Otte and Straus 1995
Mousterian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Otte and Straus 1995
Aurignacian NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{Otte and Straus 1995,
  
}
@misc{Anfinson 1997: 35; Dixon 1999: 115; Jenks 1936,
  
}
@misc{M. Otte et L.G. Straus 1995 Le Trou Magrite - Fouilles 1991-1992 LiÔøΩge Eraul 69,
  
}
@misc{COLTRAIN,
  
}
@misc{SIMMS LOVELAND AND STUART 1991,
  
}
@misc{M. Otte et L.G. Straus 1995 Le Trou Magrite - Fouilles 1991-1992 LiÔøΩge Eraul 69. Charles R. 2003. Anthropoloigica et Prehistorica: 81-84. Flas D. 2008.Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253.,
  
}
@misc{Guillen 1992  Standen 1997,
  
}
@misc{Ziolkowski et al 1994,
  
}
@misc{M. Otte Service de PrÔøΩhistoire 7 Place du XX aoÔøΩt bÔøΩt. A1 B-400 LiÔøΩge Belgium. Charles 2003. Flas D. 2008.Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253.,
  
}
@misc{M. Otte Service de PrÔøΩhistoire 7 Place du XX aoÔøΩt bÔøΩt. A1 B-400 LiÔøΩge Belgium. Bocquet-Appel J.-P & Demars P.Y. 2000. Antiquity 74: 544-52.,
  
}
@misc{Gehlen 2010,
  
}
@article{Vermeersch2020,
  title = {Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included},
  author = {Vermeersch, Pierre M},
  year = {2020},
  month = {aug},
  journal = {Data Brief},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {105793},
  issn = {2352-3409},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793},
  abstract = {At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.},
  month_numeric = {8}
}
@misc{Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Peresani M.   2008 Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2986-2996; Riel-Salvatore J. 2009. In Cqmps M. & Szmidt C. Oxbow Books: 211-230.,
  
}
@misc{http://radon.ufg.uni-kiel.de/samples/13207,
  
}
@article{dErricoEtAl2011,
  title = {PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database},
  author = {},
  date = {2011},
  journaltitle = {PaleoAnthropology},
  volume = {2011},
  pages = {1–12},
  abstract = {Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.},
  keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"Otte and Straus 1995","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Anfinson 1997: 35; Dixon 1999: 115; Jenks 1936","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"M. Otte et L.G. Straus 1995 Le Trou Magrite - Fouilles 1991-1992 LiÔøΩge Eraul 69","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"COLTRAIN","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SIMMS LOVELAND AND STUART 1991","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"M. Otte et L.G. Straus 1995 Le Trou Magrite - Fouilles 1991-1992 LiÔøΩge Eraul 69. Charles R. 2003. Anthropoloigica et Prehistorica: 81-84. Flas D. 2008.Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Guillen 1992  Standen 1997","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Ziolkowski et al 1994","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"M. Otte Service de PrÔøΩhistoire 7 Place du XX aoÔøΩt bÔøΩt. A1 B-400 LiÔøΩge Belgium. Charles 2003. Flas D. 2008.Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"M. Otte Service de PrÔøΩhistoire 7 Place du XX aoÔøΩt bÔøΩt. A1 B-400 LiÔøΩge Belgium. Bocquet-Appel J.-P & Demars P.Y. 2000. Antiquity 74: 544-52.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gehlen 2010","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"Vermeersch2020","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}","author":"{Vermeersch, Pierre M}","year":"{2020}","month":"{aug}","journal":"{Data Brief}","volume":"{31}","pages":"{105793}","issn":"{2352-3409}","doi":"{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}","abstract":"{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a \"cultural\" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in \"My Places\". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.}","month_numeric":"{8}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Peresani M.   2008 Journal of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2986-2996; Riel-Salvatore J. 2009. In Cqmps M. & Szmidt C. Oxbow Books: 211-230.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"http://radon.ufg.uni-kiel.de/samples/13207","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"dErricoEtAl2011","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}","author":"{}","date":"{2011}","journaltitle":"{PaleoAnthropology}","volume":"{2011}","pages":"{1–12}","abstract":"{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.}","keywords":"{⛔ No DOI found}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Otte and Straus 1995
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Anfinson 1997: 35; Dixon 1999: 115; Jenks 1936'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: M. Otte et L.G. Straus 1995 Le Trou Magrite - Fouilles 1991-1992 LiÔøΩge
  Eraul 69
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: COLTRAIN
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SIMMS LOVELAND AND STUART 1991
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'M. Otte et L.G. Straus 1995 Le Trou Magrite - Fouilles 1991-1992 LiÔøΩge
  Eraul 69. Charles R. 2003. Anthropoloigica et Prehistorica: 81-84. Flas D. 2008.Anthropologica
  et Praehistorica 119: 3-253.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Guillen 1992  Standen 1997
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Ziolkowski et al 1994
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'M. Otte Service de PrÔøΩhistoire 7 Place du XX aoÔøΩt bÔøΩt. A1 B-400
  LiÔøΩge Belgium. Charles 2003. Flas D. 2008.Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119:
  3-253.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'M. Otte Service de PrÔøΩhistoire 7 Place du XX aoÔøΩt bÔøΩt. A1 B-400
  LiÔøΩge Belgium. Bocquet-Appel J.-P & Demars P.Y. 2000. Antiquity 74: 544-52.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gehlen 2010
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: Vermeersch2020
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset
    of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}"
  :author: "{Vermeersch, Pierre M}"
  :year: "{2020}"
  :month: "{aug}"
  :journal: "{Data Brief}"
  :volume: "{31}"
  :pages: "{105793}"
  :issn: "{2352-3409}"
  :doi: "{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}"
  :abstract: '{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late
    Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations,
    was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie
    humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation
    of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes
    Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental
    conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites
    with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available
    radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We
    try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind
    of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated
    with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian
    Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates
    are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic,
    sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database.
    For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft
    Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites
    with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is
    available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file
    open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version
    27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most
    of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data:
    Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U
    and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates
    are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version
    26.}'
  :month_numeric: "{8}"
---
:bibtex_key: 'Bronk Ramsey C.  2002. Archaeometry 44: 1-149. Peresani M.   2008 Journal
  of Archaeological Science 35 (2008) 2986-2996; Riel-Salvatore J. 2009. In Cqmps
  M. & Szmidt C. Oxbow Books: 211-230.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: http://radon.ufg.uni-kiel.de/samples/13207
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: dErricoEtAl2011
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}"
  :author: "{}"
  :date: "{2011}"
  :journaltitle: "{PaleoAnthropology}"
  :volume: "{2011}"
  :pages: "{1–12}"
  :abstract: "{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic
    and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper
    we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon
    ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene
    in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C
    age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine
    Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820,
    AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive
    contextual information on the dated samples.}"
  :keywords: "{⛔ No DOI found}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog