Site types
Cave and

Location

100 m
Leaflet Tiles © Esri — Source: Esri, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, GeoEye, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, UPR-EGP, and the GIS User Community
Coordinates (degrees)
041.670° N, 015.580° E
Coordinates (DMS)
041° 40' 00" E, 015° 34' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Italy (IT)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (90)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
F-95 NA NA 11950±190 BP 14786–13354 cal BP Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Milliken S. 1998. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 17: 269-287. Bird et al. 2022
F-96 NA NA 13590±200 BP 17008–15860 cal BP Vermeersch 2020 Bird et al. 2022
GRN-14320 charcoal NA NA 15990±160 BP 19610–18899 cal BP Vermeersch 2020 Bird et al. 2022
GRN-14321 charcoal NA NA 16030±190 BP 19826–18917 cal BP Boschin F. Quaternary Research (2018) 90 470-482 Bird et al. 2022
GrN-14316 charcoal NA NA 15950±350 BP 20165–18354 cal BP Vermeersch 2020 Bird et al. 2022
GrN-14317 charcoal NA NA 15730±330 BP 19818–18283 cal BP Vermeersch 2020 Bird et al. 2022
GrN-14318 charcoal NA NA 15480±150 BP 19079–18305 cal BP Vermeersch 2020 Bird et al. 2022
GrN-14319 charcoal NA NA 16310±350 BP 20480–18915 cal BP Vermeersch 2020 Bird et al. 2022
GrN-14322 charcoal NA NA 15930±200 BP 19788–18815 cal BP Vermeersch 2020 Bird et al. 2022
GrN-14323 charcoal NA NA 15750±160 BP 19428–18775 cal BP Vermeersch 2020 Bird et al. 2022
GrN-14324 charcoal NA NA 16260±160 BP 20035–19194 cal BP Boschin F. Quaternary Research (2018) 90 470-482 Bird et al. 2022
GrN-14325 charcoal NA NA 16690±150 BP 20520–19644 cal BP Boschin F. Quaternary Research (2018) 90 470-482 Bird et al. 2022
GrN-14326 charcoal NA NA 16450±190 BP 20365–19443 cal BP Larsson 2019 Bird et al. 2022
GrN-14870 NA NA 16970±130 BP 20836–20215 cal BP Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Bird et al. 2022
GrN-14871 NA NA 16750±150 BP 20572–19855 cal BP Vermeersch 2020 Bird et al. 2022
GrN-14872 NA NA 16480±150 BP 20275–19544 cal BP Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Bird et al. 2022
GrN-14873 NA NA 16850±150 BP 20747–19970 cal BP Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Bird et al. 2022
GrN-14874 NA NA 16890±160 BP 20820–20010 cal BP Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Bird et al. 2022
GrN-14875 NA NA 17050±160 BP 20930–20235 cal BP Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Boschin F. Quaternary Research (2018) 90 470-482 Bird et al. 2022
GrN-14876 NA NA 16940±160 BP 20856–20095 cal BP Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (90)

Classification Estimated age References
Upper Paleolithic NA Mussi et al. 2006
Aurignacian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Palma di Cesnola 1975, 1989, 1993
Aurignacian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA NA
Gravettian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Azzi et al. 1974
Gravettian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Azzi et al. 1974
Gravettian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Azzi et al. 1974
Gravettian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Azzi et al. 1974
Gravettian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Azzi et al. 1974
Gravettian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Azzi et al. 1974
Gravettian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Azzi et al. 1974
Gravettian NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{Mussi et al. 2006,
  
}
@misc{Palma di Cesnola 1975, 1989, 1993,
  
}
@misc{Azzi et al. 1974,
  
}
@misc{Azzi et al. 1977,
  
}
@misc{Evin et al. 1979,
  
}
@article{Vermeersch2020,
  title = {Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included},
  author = {Vermeersch, Pierre M},
  year = {2020},
  month = {aug},
  journal = {Data Brief},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {105793},
  issn = {2352-3409},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793},
  abstract = {At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.},
  month_numeric = {8}
}
@misc{Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris.,
  
}
@misc{Boschin F.  Quaternary Research (2018) 90 470-482,
  
}
@misc{Palma di Cesnola A. 2006. L'Anthropologie 110: 355-370. Boschin F.  Quaternary Research (2018) 90 470-482,
  
}
@misc{Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris.Ronchitelli A.  2015. QI 359-360: 432-441. Boschin F.  Quaternary Research (2018) 90 470-482,
  
}
@misc{Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Ronchitelli A.  2015. QI 359-360: 432-441.,
  
}
@misc{C M Azzi L Bigliocca and E Piovan (1974). Florence Radiocarbon Dates II. Radiocarbon 16 pp 10-14 doi:10.1017/S0033822200001405,
  
}
@misc{Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Milliken S. 1998. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 17: 269-287.,
  
}
@misc{Silva_VanderLinden_2017,
  
}
@misc{Larsson 2019,
  
}
@misc{Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Boschin F.  Quaternary Research (2018) 90 470-482,
  
}
@misc{Lanting/vanderPlicht 1997/1998,
  
}
@misc{Sinclair P. Ekblom A. and Wood M. 2012. Trade and society on the south-east African coast in the later first millennium AD: the case of Chibuene.Antiquity86(333) pp.723-737.,
  
}
@misc{Legoupil D. (2003). Cazadores-recolectores de Posonby (Patagonia austral) y su paleoambiente desde VI al III milenio A. C. Magallania 31 tirada especial (Documentos) 463 pp. Punta Arenas.,
  
}
@misc{Stäuble 1994,
  
}
@article{dErricoEtAl2011,
  title = {PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database},
  author = {},
  date = {2011},
  journaltitle = {PaleoAnthropology},
  volume = {2011},
  pages = {1–12},
  abstract = {Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.},
  keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"Mussi et al. 2006","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Palma di Cesnola 1975, 1989, 1993","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Azzi et al. 1974","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Azzi et al. 1977","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Evin et al. 1979","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"Vermeersch2020","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}","author":"{Vermeersch, Pierre M}","year":"{2020}","month":"{aug}","journal":"{Data Brief}","volume":"{31}","pages":"{105793}","issn":"{2352-3409}","doi":"{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}","abstract":"{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a \"cultural\" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in \"My Places\". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.}","month_numeric":"{8}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Boschin F.  Quaternary Research (2018) 90 470-482","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Palma di Cesnola A. 2006. L'Anthropologie 110: 355-370. Boschin F.  Quaternary Research (2018) 90 470-482","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris.Ronchitelli A.  2015. QI 359-360: 432-441. Boschin F.  Quaternary Research (2018) 90 470-482","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Ronchitelli A.  2015. QI 359-360: 432-441.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"C M Azzi L Bigliocca and E Piovan (1974). Florence Radiocarbon Dates II. Radiocarbon 16 pp 10-14 doi:10.1017/S0033822200001405","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Milliken S. 1998. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 17: 269-287.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Silva_VanderLinden_2017","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Larsson 2019","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Boschin F.  Quaternary Research (2018) 90 470-482","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lanting/vanderPlicht 1997/1998","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sinclair P. Ekblom A. and Wood M. 2012. Trade and society on the south-east African coast in the later first millennium AD: the case of Chibuene.Antiquity86(333) pp.723-737.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Legoupil D. (2003). Cazadores-recolectores de Posonby (Patagonia austral) y su paleoambiente desde VI al III milenio A. C. Magallania 31 tirada especial (Documentos) 463 pp. Punta Arenas.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stäuble 1994","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"dErricoEtAl2011","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}","author":"{}","date":"{2011}","journaltitle":"{PaleoAnthropology}","volume":"{2011}","pages":"{1–12}","abstract":"{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.}","keywords":"{⛔ No DOI found}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Mussi et al. 2006
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Palma di Cesnola 1975, 1989, 1993
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Azzi et al. 1974
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Azzi et al. 1977
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Evin et al. 1979
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: Vermeersch2020
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset
    of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}"
  :author: "{Vermeersch, Pierre M}"
  :year: "{2020}"
  :month: "{aug}"
  :journal: "{Data Brief}"
  :volume: "{31}"
  :pages: "{105793}"
  :issn: "{2352-3409}"
  :doi: "{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}"
  :abstract: '{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late
    Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations,
    was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie
    humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation
    of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes
    Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental
    conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites
    with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available
    radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We
    try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind
    of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated
    with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian
    Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates
    are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic,
    sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database.
    For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft
    Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites
    with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is
    available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file
    open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version
    27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most
    of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data:
    Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U
    and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates
    are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version
    26.}'
  :month_numeric: "{8}"
---
:bibtex_key: Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur
  en Europe. Armand Colin Paris.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Boschin F.  Quaternary Research (2018) 90 470-482
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Palma di Cesnola A. 2006. L''Anthropologie 110: 355-370. Boschin F.  Quaternary
  Research (2018) 90 470-482'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur
  en Europe. Armand Colin Paris.Ronchitelli A.  2015. QI 359-360: 432-441. Boschin
  F.  Quaternary Research (2018) 90 470-482'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur
  en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Ronchitelli A.  2015. QI 359-360: 432-441.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: C M Azzi L Bigliocca and E Piovan (1974). Florence Radiocarbon Dates
  II. Radiocarbon 16 pp 10-14 doi:10.1017/S0033822200001405
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur
  en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Milliken S. 1998. Oxford Journal of Archaeology 17:
  269-287.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Silva_VanderLinden_2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Larsson 2019
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur
  en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. Boschin F.  Quaternary Research (2018) 90 470-482
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lanting/vanderPlicht 1997/1998
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Sinclair P. Ekblom A. and Wood M. 2012. Trade and society on the south-east
  African coast in the later first millennium AD: the case of Chibuene.Antiquity86(333)
  pp.723-737.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Legoupil D. (2003). Cazadores-recolectores de Posonby (Patagonia austral)
  y su paleoambiente desde VI al III milenio A. C. Magallania 31 tirada especial (Documentos)
  463 pp. Punta Arenas.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stäuble 1994
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: dErricoEtAl2011
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}"
  :author: "{}"
  :date: "{2011}"
  :journaltitle: "{PaleoAnthropology}"
  :volume: "{2011}"
  :pages: "{1–12}"
  :abstract: "{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic
    and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper
    we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon
    ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene
    in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C
    age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine
    Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820,
    AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive
    contextual information on the dated samples.}"
  :keywords: "{⛔ No DOI found}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog