Tell Brak – XRONOS

Location

Coordinates (degrees): 036.682° N, 041.054° E
Coordinates (DMS): 036° 40' 00" E, 041° 03' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166 ): Syrian Arab Republic (SY)

Lab ID	Context	Material	Taxon	Method	Uncalibrated age	References
BM-1761		charcoal	NA	14C	4040±70 BP	RC 24, 3, 1982, 262-290 Weninger 2022
BM-1763		seed/fruit	grain	14C	3570±40 BP	RC 24, 3, 1982, 262-290 Weninger 2022
BM-1764		seed/fruit	grain	14C	3600±40 BP	RC 24, 3, 1982, 262-290 Weninger 2022
BM-1765		seed/fruit	grain	14C	3540±40 BP	RC 24, 3, 1982, 262-290 Weninger 2022
BM-2914		charcoal	Cupressus sempervirens	14C	5670±60 BP	CalPal, Matthews 2000, Ambers and Bowman 1998 Weninger 2022
BM-2915		charcoal	Populus	14C	5650±50 BP	CalPal, Matthews 2000, Ambers and Bowman 1998 Weninger 2022
Beta-110930		seeds (charred)	NA	NA	4040±50 BP	Courty 2001 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-125320		seeds (charred)	NA	NA	4170±40 BP	Courty 2001 Palmisano et al. 2022
BM-1758R	clay oven, phase L	charcoal	NA	NA	3720±100 BP	Ambers 2001 Palmisano et al. 2022
BM-1759R	clay oven, phase L	charcoal	NA	NA	3770±110 BP	Ambers 2001 Palmisano et al. 2022
BM-1760R	burnt house room 43, level 6	charcoal	NA	NA	4240±100 BP	Ambers 2001 Palmisano et al. 2022
BM-1761R	floor and pit associated with Ninevite 5 pottery	charcoal	NA	NA	4210±120 BP	Ambers 2001 Palmisano et al. 2022
BM-1763R	burnt house room 41, ER level 5	grain (charred)	NA	NA	3730±100 BP	Ambers 2001 Palmisano et al. 2022
BM-1764R	burnt house room 41, ER level 5	grain (charred)	NA	NA	3710±100 BP	Ambers 2001 Palmisano et al. 2022
BM-1765R	burnt house room 43, ER level 5	grain (charred)	NA	NA	3680±100 BP	Ambers 2001 Palmisano et al. 2022
BM-1970R	ash layer GLB, level 2a	charcoal	NA	NA	3820±100 BP	Ambers 2001 Palmisano et al. 2022
BM-1971R	destruction level, CHE level 6, room 61	charcoal	NA	NA	3860±100 BP	Ambers 2001 Palmisano et al. 2022
BM-1972R	Room 61	grain (charred)	NA	NA	3710±100 BP	Ambers 2001 Palmisano et al. 2022
BM-1973R	CH level 6, room 61	charcoal	NA	NA	3870±100 BP	Ambers 2001 Palmisano et al. 2022
BM-2511	destruction level	humic acid	NA	NA	3960±90 BP	Bowman and Ambers 1989 Palmisano et al. 2022

Classification	Estimated age	References
Chalcolithic	NA	Emberling 2003
Uruk	NA	NA
Chalcolithic	NA	Emberling 2003
Uruk	NA	NA
Chalcolithic	NA	Emberling 2003
Uruk	NA	NA
Chalcolithic	NA	Emberling 2003
Uruk	NA	NA
Chalcolithic	NA	Emberling 2003
Uruk	NA	NA
Chalcolithic	NA	Emberling 2003
Uruk	NA	NA
Chalcolithic	NA	Emberling 2003
Uruk	NA	NA
Chalcolithic	NA	Emberling 2003
Uruk	NA	NA
Chalcolithic	NA	Emberling 2003
Uruk	NA	NA
Chalcolithic	NA	Emberling 2003
Uruk	NA	NA

Bibliographic references

No bibliographic information available. [Emberling 2003]
No bibliographic information available. [RC 24, 3, 1982, 262-290]
No bibliographic information available. [CalPal, Matthews 2000, Ambers and Bowman 1998]
No bibliographic information available. [Courty 2001]
No bibliographic information available. [Ambers 2001]
No bibliographic information available. [Bowman and Ambers 1989]
No bibliographic information available. [Ambers 2001; Ristvet 2011]
No bibliographic information available. [Wright and Rupley 2001]
No bibliographic information available. [Flohr et al. 2016]
No bibliographic information available. [Flohr et al. 2016 Q]
No bibliographic information available. [Matthews 2000]
No bibliographic information available. [Matthews et al. 2003; Ristvet 2011]
No bibliographic information available. [RC 24 3 1982 262-290]
No bibliographic information available. [Ambers and Bowman 1998]
No bibliographic information available. [Flohretal2016]
Weninger, B. (2022). CalPal Edition 2022.9. Zenodo. https://doi.org/1010.5281/zenodo.7422618 [CalPal2022]
Palmisano, A., Bevan, A., Lawrence, D., & Shennan, S. (2022). The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP. 10(0), 2. https://doi.org/10.5334/joad.90 [NERD]
Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]

@misc{Emberling 2003,
  
}
@misc{RC 24, 3, 1982, 262-290,
  
}
@misc{CalPal, Matthews 2000, Ambers and Bowman 1998,
  
}
@misc{Courty 2001,
  
}
@misc{Ambers  2001,
  
}
@misc{Bowman and Ambers 1989,
  
}
@misc{Ambers 2001; Ristvet 2011,
  
}
@misc{Wright and Rupley 2001,
  
}
@misc{Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Flohr et al. 2016 Q,
  
}
@misc{Matthews 2000,
  
}
@misc{Matthews et al. 2003; Ristvet 2011,
  
}
@misc{RC 24 3 1982 262-290,
  
}
@misc{Ambers and Bowman 1998,
  
}
@misc{Flohretal2016,
  
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@article{NERD,
  title = {The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP},
  shorttitle = {The NERD Dataset},
  author = {Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen},
  date = {2022-02-22},
  volume = {10},
  number = {0},
  pages = {2},
  publisher = {Ubiquity Press},
  issn = {2049-1565},
  doi = {10.5334/joad.90},
  url = {https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  abstract = {To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.},
  issue = {0},
  langid = {american},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

{"bibtex_key":"Emberling 2003","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC 24, 3, 1982, 262-290","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CalPal, Matthews 2000, Ambers and Bowman 1998","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Courty 2001","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Ambers  2001","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bowman and Ambers 1989","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Ambers 2001; Ristvet 2011","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wright and Rupley 2001","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Flohr et al. 2016 Q","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Matthews 2000","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Matthews et al. 2003; Ristvet 2011","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"RC 24 3 1982 262-290","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Ambers and Bowman 1998","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Flohretal2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"NERD","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP}","shorttitle":"{The NERD Dataset}","author":"{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}","date":"{2022-02-22}","volume":"{10}","number":"{0}","pages":"{2}","publisher":"{Ubiquity Press}","issn":"{2049-1565}","doi":"{10.5334/joad.90}","url":"{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.}","issue":"{0}","langid":"{american}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]

---
:bibtex_key: Emberling 2003
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC 24, 3, 1982, 262-290
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CalPal, Matthews 2000, Ambers and Bowman 1998
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Courty 2001
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Ambers  2001
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bowman and Ambers 1989
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Ambers 2001; Ristvet 2011
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Wright and Rupley 2001
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Flohr et al. 2016 Q
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Matthews 2000
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Matthews et al. 2003; Ristvet 2011
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: RC 24 3 1982 262-290
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Ambers and Bowman 1998
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Flohretal2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: NERD
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500
    Cal. Yr. BP}"
  :shorttitle: "{The NERD Dataset}"
  :author: "{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}"
  :date: "{2022-02-22}"
  :volume: "{10}"
  :number: "{0}"
  :pages: "{2}"
  :publisher: "{Ubiquity Press}"
  :issn: "{2049-1565}"
  :doi: "{10.5334/joad.90}"
  :url: "{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :abstract: "{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the
    largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near
    East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP).
    It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected
    comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and
    databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation
    reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing
    the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape,
    Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient
    Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with
    newly published radiocarbon dates.}"
  :issue: "{0}"
  :langid: "{american}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog

Imported from source database via c14bazAAR

XRONOS development team 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC

Location

Radiocarbon dates (116)

Typological dates (51)

Bibliographic references

Changelog

Imported from source database via c14bazAAR