El Kowm 2
Archaeological site
in Syrian Arab Republic
Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team
Contributors: XRONOS development team
Location
- Coordinates (degrees)
- 035.240° N, 038.820° E
- Coordinates (DMS)
- 035° 14' 00" E, 038° 49' 00" N
- Country (ISO 3166)
- Syrian Arab Republic (SY)
Linked Data
There is no linked data available for this record.
Radiocarbon dates
(28)
| Lab ID | Context | Material | Taxon | Method | Uncalibrated age | Calibrated age | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ly-2318 | occupation without architecture | bone | NA | NA | 5930±300 BP | 7428–6030 cal BP | Stordeur 1993; Cauvin and Stordeur 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022 |
| Ly-2520 | PPNB final;Level B7 CX12; upper level AIV | NA | NA | NA | 7680±200 BP | 9001–8038 cal BP | Stordeur 1993; Cauvin and Stordeur 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022 |
| Ly-2521 | PPNB final;Level B4 a; upper level AV | NA | NA | NA | 7760±280 BP | 9395–8018 cal BP | Stordeur 1993; Cauvin and Stordeur 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022 |
| Ly-2577 | N 93 Level A2b | charcoal | NA | NA | 4410±130 BP | 5451–4623 cal BP | CalPal Palmisano et al. 2022 |
| Ly-4400 | PPNB final;Sondage Level detritique extérieure; lower level; test pit at boundary of occupation surface | NA | NA | NA | 8030±80 BP | 9125–8636 cal BP | Stordeur 1993; Cauvin and Stordeur 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022 |
| Ly-4439 | PPNB final;sondage à la limite du site; test pit at boundary of occupation surface | charcoal | NA | NA | 7400±300 BP | 8983–7665 cal BP | Cauvin and Stordeur 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022 |
| Ly-2520 | NA | NA | NA | 14C | 7680±200 BP | 9001–8038 cal BP | Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a, 203 Weninger 2022 |
| Ly-2521 | NA | NA | NA | 14C | 7760±280 BP | 9395–8018 cal BP | Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a, 203 Weninger 2022 |
| Ly-2577 | NA | charcoal | NA | 14C | 4410±130 BP | 5451–4623 cal BP | Weninger 2022 |
| Ly-4400 | NA | NA | NA | 14C | 8030±80 BP | 9125–8636 cal BP | Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a, 203 Weninger 2022 |
| Ly-4438 | NA | charcoal | NA | 14C | 7760±510 BP | 9887–7579 cal BP | Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a, 203 Weninger 2022 |
| Ly-4439 | NA | charcoal | NA | 14C | 7400±300 BP | 8983–7665 cal BP | Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a, 203 Weninger 2022 |
| Ly-2577 | NA | charcoal | NA | NA | 4410±130 BP | 5451–4623 cal BP | Stordeur et al. 1982 |
| Ly-4439 | NA | charcoal | NA | NA | 7400±300 BP | 8983–7665 cal BP | Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a |
| Ly-2520 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7680±200 BP | 9001–8038 cal BP | Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a |
| Ly-2521 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 7760±280 BP | 9395–8018 cal BP | Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a |
| Ly-4438 | NA | charcoal | NA | NA | 7760±510 BP | 9887–7579 cal BP | Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a |
| Ly-4400 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 8030±80 BP | 9125–8636 cal BP | Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a |
| Ly-2519 | NA | charcoal | NA | NA | 23500±760 BP | 29200–26095 cal BP | Stordeur et al. 1982 |
| Ly-2576 | NA | charcoal | NA | NA | 33500±0 BP | 38527–38435 cal BP | Stordeur et al. 1982 |
Typological dates
(29)
| Classification | Estimated age | References |
|---|---|---|
| Neolithic | NA | Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a, 203 |
| PPNB | NA | NA |
| Neolithic | NA | Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a, 203 |
| PPNB | NA | NA |
| Neolithic? | NA | NA |
| Neolithic | NA | Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a, 203 |
| PPNB | NA | NA |
| Neolithic | NA | Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a, 203 |
| PPNB | NA | NA |
| Neolithic | NA | Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a, 203 |
| PPNB | NA | NA |
| PN | NA | Stordeur et al. 1982 |
| Neo. | NA | NA |
| ACN | NA | Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a |
| PPNB final | NA | NA |
| ACN | NA | Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a |
| PPNB final | NA | NA |
| ACN | NA | Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a |
| PPNB final | NA | NA |
| ACN | NA | Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a |
Bibliographic references
- No bibliographic information available. [CalPal]
- No bibliographic information available. [Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a, 203]
- No bibliographic information available. [Stordeur et al. 1982]
- No bibliographic information available. [Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a]
- No bibliographic information available. [Cauvin and Stordeur 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016]
- No bibliographic information available. [Stordeur 1993; Cauvin and Stordeur 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016]
- No bibliographic information available. [CALPAL; CONTEXT]
- No bibliographic information available. [Cauvin J. and Stordeur 1994a 203]
- Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]
- Palmisano, A., Bevan, A., Lawrence, D., & Shennan, S. (2022). The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP. 10(0), 2. https://doi.org/10.5334/joad.90 [NERD]
- Weninger, B. (2022). CalPal Edition 2022.9. Zenodo. https://doi.org/1010.5281/zenodo.7422618 [CalPal2022]
- http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php [CONTEXT]
@misc{CalPal,
}
@misc{Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a, 203,
}
@misc{Stordeur et al. 1982,
}
@misc{Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a,
}
@misc{Cauvin and Stordeur 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
}
@misc{Stordeur 1993; Cauvin and Stordeur 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
}
@misc{CALPAL; CONTEXT,
}
@misc{Cauvin J. and Stordeur 1994a 203,
}
@article{p3k14c,
title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
year = {2022},
month = {jan},
journal = {Scientific Data},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {27},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2052-4463},
doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
langid = {english},
keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
month_numeric = {1}
}
@article{NERD,
title = {The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP},
shorttitle = {The NERD Dataset},
author = {Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen},
date = {2022-02-22},
volume = {10},
number = {0},
pages = {2},
publisher = {Ubiquity Press},
issn = {2049-1565},
doi = {10.5334/joad.90},
url = {https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90},
urldate = {2023-09-07},
abstract = {To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.},
issue = {0},
langid = {american},
file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}
}
@misc{CalPal,
title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
author = {Weninger, Bernie},
year = {2022},
month = {sep},
doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
howpublished = {Zenodo},
month_numeric = {9}
}
@misc{CONTEXT,
url = {http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php},
note = {Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a, 203","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stordeur et al. 1982","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Cauvin and Stordeur 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stordeur 1993; Cauvin and Stordeur 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CALPAL; CONTEXT","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Cauvin J. and Stordeur 1994a 203","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}][{"bibtex_key":"NERD","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP}","shorttitle":"{The NERD Dataset}","author":"{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}","date":"{2022-02-22}","volume":"{10}","number":"{0}","pages":"{2}","publisher":"{Ubiquity Press}","issn":"{2049-1565}","doi":"{10.5334/joad.90}","url":"{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.}","issue":"{0}","langid":"{american}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CONTEXT","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}","note":"{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"}]---
:bibtex_key: CalPal
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a, 203
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stordeur et al. 1982
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Cauvin, J. and Stordeur 1994a
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Cauvin and Stordeur 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stordeur 1993; Cauvin and Stordeur 1994; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CALPAL; CONTEXT
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Cauvin J. and Stordeur 1994a 203
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
:bibtex_type: :article
:title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
:author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
Jacob}"
:year: "{2022}"
:month: "{jan}"
:journal: "{Scientific Data}"
:volume: "{9}"
:number: "{1}"
:pages: "{27}"
:publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
:issn: "{2052-4463}"
:doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
:abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
:copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
:langid: "{english}"
:keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
:month_numeric: "{1}"
---
- :bibtex_key: NERD
:bibtex_type: :article
:title: "{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500
Cal. Yr. BP}"
:shorttitle: "{The NERD Dataset}"
:author: "{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}"
:date: "{2022-02-22}"
:volume: "{10}"
:number: "{0}"
:pages: "{2}"
:publisher: "{Ubiquity Press}"
:issn: "{2049-1565}"
:doi: "{10.5334/joad.90}"
:url: "{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}"
:urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
:abstract: "{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the
largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near
East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP).
It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected
comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and
databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation
reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing
the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape,
Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient
Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with
newly published radiocarbon dates.}"
:issue: "{0}"
:langid: "{american}"
:file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
:bibtex_type: :misc
:title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
:author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
:year: "{2022}"
:month: "{sep}"
:doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
:url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
:abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
:copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
:howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
:month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CONTEXT
:bibtex_type: :misc
:url: "{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}"
:note: "{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database.
https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"