Site types
Abri/grotte, cave, and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
038.926° N, 000.300° W
Coordinates (DMS)
038° 55' 00" W, 000° 18' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Spain (ES)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (47)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
I-9239 NA 14C 9480±185 BP 11209–10280 cal BP Weninger 2022
I-11056 habitat bone NA 14C 30600±450 BP 35915–34300 cal BP Davies 2000 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
I-13005 habitat NA 14C 20900±450 BP 25960–24055 cal BP Altuna and Merino 1984 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
I-12020 habitat NA 14C 16510±270 BP 20551–19240 cal BP Altuna and Merino 1984 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
I-12566 habitat NA 14C 16250±500 BP 20854–18644 cal BP Altuna and Merino 1984 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
I-12224 habitat NA 14C 16030±240 BP 19905–18846 cal BP Altuna and Merino 1984 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
I-12225 habitat NA 14C 15970±240 BP 19855–18821 cal BP Altuna and Merino 1984 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
I-12226 habitat NA 14C 15400±240 BP 19150–18227 cal BP Altuna and Merino 1984 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
I-10931 habitat NA 14C 13950±330 BP 17885–15985 cal BP Altuna and Merino 1984 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
CSIC-172 habitat NA 14C 13350±250 BP 16820–15330 cal BP “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
CSIC-171 habitat charcoal NA 14C 12750±250 BP 15860–14170 cal BP “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
I-9240 habitat bone NA 14C 12050±190 BP 14822–13497 cal BP “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
GifA-95309 habitat horse bone No. 44 NA unspec. 11760±180 BP 14040–13304 cal BP Gonzalez Sainz 2005 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
GifA-96080 habitat horse bone No. 9 NA unspec. 11310±90 BP 13400–13082 cal BP Gonzalez Sainz 2005 “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
I-9239 habitat bone NA 14C 9560±185 BP 11310–10291 cal BP “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
I-11666 habitat bone NA 14C 9540±210 BP 11390–10245 cal BP “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
I-8628 habitat NA 14C 7880±0 BP 546–8635 cal BP “PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database” 2011
I-9139 charbon NA NA 9460±185 BP 11196–10275 cal BP Straus 2008, p. 306 Perrin 2021
I-11666 os (collagène) NA LSC (scintillation) 9540±210 BP 11390–10245 cal BP Straus 2008, p. 306 Perrin 2021
CSIC-171 os (collagène) NA NA 12750±250 BP 15860–14170 cal BP Gallego 2013, p. 618 Perrin 2021

typological date Typological dates (42)

Classification Estimated age References
Middle/Upper Paleolithic NA Davies 2000
Chatelperronian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Altuna and Merino 1984
Solutrean NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Altuna and Merino 1984
Magdalenian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Altuna and Merino 1984
Magdalenian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Altuna and Merino 1984
Magdalenian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Altuna and Merino 1984
Magdalenian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Altuna and Merino 1984
Magdalenian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA Altuna and Merino 1984
Magdalenian NA NA
Epipaleolithic NA NA
Azilian NA NA
Upper Paleolithic NA NA
Magdalenian NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{Davies 2000,
  
}
@misc{Altuna and Merino 1984,
  
}
@misc{Gonzalez Sainz 2005,
  
}
@misc{Straus 2008, p. 306,
  
}
@misc{Gallego 2013, p. 618,
  
}
@misc{Fano et al. 2015, appendix A,
  
}
@misc{Adan Alvarez G. 2005. L'Anthropologie 109: 499-519.,
  
}
@article{Vermeersch2020,
  title = {Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included},
  author = {Vermeersch, Pierre M},
  year = {2020},
  month = {aug},
  journal = {Data Brief},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {105793},
  issn = {2352-3409},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793},
  abstract = {At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.},
  month_numeric = {8}
}
@misc{Gonzalez J.  2007. L'Anthropologie 111: 435-466.,
  
}
@misc{Gonzalez J. .  2007. L'Anthropologie doi: 10.1016/j.anthro.2007.07.001.,
  
}
@misc{Amormino V. L'Anthropologie 104 (2000) 373-381.,
  
}
@misc{Djindjan 2000. The Mid-Upper Palaeolithic. In Hunters of the Golden Age: 313.,
  
}
@misc{Drucker D.G. 2003. Earth and Planetery Scvienc Letters 216: 163-173.,
  
}
@misc{Harington 1996 2003: 401; Faunmap 3496,
  
}
@misc{Maslowski et al. 1995; Stothers and Abel 1993,
  
}
@misc{Nunez 1976,
  
}
@misc{Banadora,
  
}
@misc{Altuna J. & Merino J. M. 1980. El yacimiento prehistorico de la Cueva de Ekain (Deba Guipuzcoa). Sociedad de Estudios Vascos,
  
}
@misc{Cooper and Savage 1994; Fox 1982b; Murphy and Ferris 1990; Smith 1997,
  
}
@misc{Johnson 1996 The Fog Creek Archeological Sites Badlands National Park,
  
}
@misc{Fox 1983a,
  
}
@misc{CALPAL,
  
}
@misc{Harington 2003: 404; Guthrie 1990; Faunmap 3729,
  
}
@misc{Djindjian F.  1999.  Le paleolithique superieur en Europe. Paris Collin. https://sites.google.com/ehu.eus/c14peninsulaiberica/dataciones-14 pone0199954s001.docx  Marin Arroyo A. PLoS ONE 13(4) e0194708,
  
}
@misc{Altuna J. Baldeon A. & Mariez-Kurrena K. (ed.). La cueva de Amalda . Sociedad de Faterdias Vasis B4 1-276 San Sebastian ttps://sites.google.com/ehu.eus/c14peninsulaiberica/dataciones-14 pone 0199954s001.doÔøΩcx,
  
}
@misc{Kiel DB 2013,
  
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@article{dErricoEtAl2011,
  title = {PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database},
  author = {},
  date = {2011},
  journaltitle = {PaleoAnthropology},
  volume = {2011},
  pages = {1–12},
  abstract = {Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.},
  keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}
}
@dataset{BDA,
  title = {Base de Données Archéologique (BDA)},
  author = {Perrin, Thomas},
  date = {2021-02-03},
  publisher = {NAKALA},
  doi = {10.34847/nkl.dde9fnm8},
  url = {https://nakala.fr/10.34847/nkl.dde9fnm8},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  abstract = {Exports in .xlsx format of the main tables of the BDA database (Archaeological Database), available here https://bda.huma-num.fr/ in Filemaker Pro format.},
  langid = {french}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"Davies 2000","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Altuna and Merino 1984","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gonzalez Sainz 2005","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Straus 2008, p. 306","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gallego 2013, p. 618","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Fano et al. 2015, appendix A","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Adan Alvarez G. 2005. L'Anthropologie 109: 499-519.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"Vermeersch2020","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}","author":"{Vermeersch, Pierre M}","year":"{2020}","month":"{aug}","journal":"{Data Brief}","volume":"{31}","pages":"{105793}","issn":"{2352-3409}","doi":"{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}","abstract":"{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a \"cultural\" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in \"My Places\". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.}","month_numeric":"{8}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Gonzalez J.  2007. L'Anthropologie 111: 435-466.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gonzalez J. .  2007. L'Anthropologie doi: 10.1016/j.anthro.2007.07.001.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Amormino V. L'Anthropologie 104 (2000) 373-381.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Djindjan 2000. The Mid-Upper Palaeolithic. In Hunters of the Golden Age: 313.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Drucker D.G. 2003. Earth and Planetery Scvienc Letters 216: 163-173.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Harington 1996 2003: 401; Faunmap 3496","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Maslowski et al. 1995; Stothers and Abel 1993","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Nunez 1976","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Banadora","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Altuna J. & Merino J. M. 1980. El yacimiento prehistorico de la Cueva de Ekain (Deba Guipuzcoa). Sociedad de Estudios Vascos","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Cooper and Savage 1994; Fox 1982b; Murphy and Ferris 1990; Smith 1997","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Johnson 1996 The Fog Creek Archeological Sites Badlands National Park","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Fox 1983a","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CALPAL","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Harington 2003: 404; Guthrie 1990; Faunmap 3729","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Djindjian F.  1999.  Le paleolithique superieur en Europe. Paris Collin. https://sites.google.com/ehu.eus/c14peninsulaiberica/dataciones-14 pone0199954s001.docx  Marin Arroyo A. PLoS ONE 13(4) e0194708","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Altuna J. Baldeon A. & Mariez-Kurrena K. (ed.). La cueva de Amalda . Sociedad de Faterdias Vasis B4 1-276 San Sebastian ttps://sites.google.com/ehu.eus/c14peninsulaiberica/dataciones-14 pone 0199954s001.doÔøΩcx","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kiel DB 2013","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"dErricoEtAl2011","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}","author":"{}","date":"{2011}","journaltitle":"{PaleoAnthropology}","volume":"{2011}","pages":"{1–12}","abstract":"{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.}","keywords":"{⛔ No DOI found}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"BDA","bibtex_type":"dataset","title":"{Base de Données Archéologique (BDA)}","author":"{Perrin, Thomas}","date":"{2021-02-03}","publisher":"{NAKALA}","doi":"{10.34847/nkl.dde9fnm8}","url":"{https://nakala.fr/10.34847/nkl.dde9fnm8}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{Exports in .xlsx format of the main tables of the BDA database (Archaeological Database), available here https://bda.huma-num.fr/ in Filemaker Pro format.}","langid":"{french}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Davies 2000
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Altuna and Merino 1984
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gonzalez Sainz 2005
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Straus 2008, p. 306
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gallego 2013, p. 618
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Fano et al. 2015, appendix A
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Adan Alvarez G. 2005. L''Anthropologie 109: 499-519.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: Vermeersch2020
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset
    of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}"
  :author: "{Vermeersch, Pierre M}"
  :year: "{2020}"
  :month: "{aug}"
  :journal: "{Data Brief}"
  :volume: "{31}"
  :pages: "{105793}"
  :issn: "{2352-3409}"
  :doi: "{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}"
  :abstract: '{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late
    Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations,
    was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie
    humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation
    of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes
    Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental
    conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites
    with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available
    radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We
    try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind
    of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated
    with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian
    Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates
    are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic,
    sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database.
    For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft
    Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites
    with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is
    available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file
    open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version
    27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most
    of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data:
    Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U
    and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates
    are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version
    26.}'
  :month_numeric: "{8}"
---
:bibtex_key: 'Gonzalez J.  2007. L''Anthropologie 111: 435-466.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Gonzalez J. .  2007. L''Anthropologie doi: 10.1016/j.anthro.2007.07.001.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Amormino V. L'Anthropologie 104 (2000) 373-381.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Djindjan 2000. The Mid-Upper Palaeolithic. In Hunters of the Golden
  Age: 313.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Drucker D.G. 2003. Earth and Planetery Scvienc Letters 216: 163-173.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Harington 1996 2003: 401; Faunmap 3496'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Maslowski et al. 1995; Stothers and Abel 1993
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Nunez 1976
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Banadora
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Altuna J. & Merino J. M. 1980. El yacimiento prehistorico de la Cueva
  de Ekain (Deba Guipuzcoa). Sociedad de Estudios Vascos
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Cooper and Savage 1994; Fox 1982b; Murphy and Ferris 1990; Smith 1997
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Johnson 1996 The Fog Creek Archeological Sites Badlands National Park
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Fox 1983a
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CALPAL
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Harington 2003: 404; Guthrie 1990; Faunmap 3729'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Djindjian F.  1999.  Le paleolithique superieur en Europe. Paris Collin.
  https://sites.google.com/ehu.eus/c14peninsulaiberica/dataciones-14 pone0199954s001.docx  Marin
  Arroyo A. PLoS ONE 13(4) e0194708
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Altuna J. Baldeon A. & Mariez-Kurrena K. (ed.). La cueva de Amalda .
  Sociedad de Faterdias Vasis B4 1-276 San Sebastian ttps://sites.google.com/ehu.eus/c14peninsulaiberica/dataciones-14
  pone 0199954s001.doÔøΩcx
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kiel DB 2013
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: dErricoEtAl2011
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}"
  :author: "{}"
  :date: "{2011}"
  :journaltitle: "{PaleoAnthropology}"
  :volume: "{2011}"
  :pages: "{1–12}"
  :abstract: "{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic
    and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper
    we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon
    ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene
    in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C
    age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine
    Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820,
    AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive
    contextual information on the dated samples.}"
  :keywords: "{⛔ No DOI found}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: BDA
  :bibtex_type: :dataset
  :title: "{Base de Données Archéologique (BDA)}"
  :author: "{Perrin, Thomas}"
  :date: "{2021-02-03}"
  :publisher: "{NAKALA}"
  :doi: "{10.34847/nkl.dde9fnm8}"
  :url: "{https://nakala.fr/10.34847/nkl.dde9fnm8}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :abstract: "{Exports in .xlsx format of the main tables of the BDA database (Archaeological
    Database), available here https://bda.huma-num.fr/ in Filemaker Pro format.}"
  :langid: "{french}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

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