Site types
Settlement and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
030.620° N, 035.500° E
Coordinates (DMS)
030° 37' 00" E, 035° 30' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Jordan (JO)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (133)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Beta-120211 Trench 2, 211; Trench 2, context 211 charcoal NA NA 9890±50 BP Benz 2014; CalPal; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-135110 Trench 3, 329; T 3; Trench 3, context 329 charcoal NA NA 9180±60 BP Benz 2014; CalPal; Sayej 2007; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-135111 WF 32802;Trench 3, 332; T 3; Trench 3, context 332 charcoal NA NA 10220±60 BP Benz 2014; CalPal; Sayej 2007; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-192520 Trench 1, 126; Trench 1, context 126 charcoal Ficus NA 9900±40 BP Mithen and Finlayson 2007; Benz 2014; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-192521 Trench 1, 130; Trench 1, context 130 charcoal Cupressaceae NA 10500±40 BP Mithen and Finlayson 2007; Benz 2014; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-192522 Trench 1, 148; Trench 1, context 148 charcoal Tamarix NA 9880±40 BP Mithen and Finlayson 2007; Benz 2014; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-192523 Trench 1, 151; Trench 1, context 151 charcoal Ficus NA 9920±40 BP Mithen and Finlayson 2007; Benz 2014; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-192524 Trench 2, 232; Trench 2, context 232 charcoal Cupressaceae NA 10150±40 BP Mithen and Finlayson 2007; Benz 2014; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-192525 Trench 2, 239; Trench 2, context 239 charcoal Cupressaceae NA 10350±40 BP Mithen and Finlayson 2007; Benz 2014; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-192526 Trench 2, 241; Trench 2, context 241 charcoal Cupressaceae NA 10420±40 BP Mithen and Finlayson 2007; Benz 2014; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-192527 Trench 2, 243; Trench 2, context 243 charcoal Cupressaceae NA 10440±40 BP Mithen and Finlayson 2007; Benz 2014; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-192528 32300.00% NA NA 4490±40 BP Hunt et al. 2007 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-192529 Trench 3, 330; Trench 3, context 330 charcoal NA NA 9870±40 BP Mithen and Finlayson 2007; Benz 2014; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-192530 Trench 3, 332; Trench 3, context 332 charcoal Cupressaceae NA 10340±40 BP Mithen and Finlayson 2007; Benz 2014; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-192531 Trench 3, 327; Trench 3, context 327 charcoal Tamarix NA 9950±40 BP Mithen and Finlayson 2007; Benz 2014; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-192536 241, fragment of floor charcoal Cupressaceae NA 10420±40 BP Wicks et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-19520 Trench 1, 126 charcoal Ficus NA 9900±40 BP CalPal Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-208671 Trench 2, 239; Trench 2, context 239 grain (charred) Hordeum vulgare NA 9560±40 BP Mithen and Finlayson 2007; Benz 2014; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-208672 Trench 2, 238; Trench 2,context 238 grain Bromus NA 9430±40 BP Mithen and Finlayson 2007; Benz 2014; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-209010 Trench 3, 310; Trench 3, context 310 charcoal NA NA 9140±40 BP Mithen and Finlayson 2007; Benz 2014; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (106)

Classification Estimated age References
PPNA NA NA
PPNA NA NA
PPNA NA NA
PPNA NA NA
PPNA NA NA
PPNA NA NA
PPNA NA NA
PPNA NA NA
PPNA NA NA
PPNA NA NA
PPNA NA NA
PPNA NA NA
PPNA NA NA
PPNA NA NA
PPNA NA NA
PPNA NA NA
PPNA NA NA
PPNA NA NA
PPNA NA NA
PPNA NA NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{Pirie 2002, 5,
  
}
@misc{Mithen, Finlayson 2007:461,
  
}
@misc{Pirie 2002,
  
}
@misc{Pirie 2001,
  
}
@misc{Wicks 2016,
  
}
@misc{Sayej 2007.,
  
}
@misc{Mithen and Finlayson 2007; Benz 2014; Maher et al. 2011,
  
}
@misc{Benz 2014; CalPal; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Hunt et al. 2007,
  
}
@misc{Maher et al. 2011,
  
}
@misc{Benz 2014; CalPal; Sayej 2007; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Mithen and Finlayson 2007; Benz 2014; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Wicks et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{CalPal,
  
}
@misc{Finlayson et al. 2011; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Pirie 2002 5,
  
}
@misc{Mithen Finlayson 2007:461,
  
}
@misc{Mithen and Finlayson 2007,
  
}
@misc{Mithen 2011,
  
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@misc{CONTEXT,
  url = {http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php},
  note = {Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}
}
@article{NERD,
  title = {The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP},
  shorttitle = {The NERD Dataset},
  author = {Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen},
  date = {2022-02-22},
  volume = {10},
  number = {0},
  pages = {2},
  publisher = {Ubiquity Press},
  issn = {2049-1565},
  doi = {10.5334/joad.90},
  url = {https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  abstract = {To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.},
  issue = {0},
  langid = {american},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"Pirie 2002, 5","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mithen, Finlayson 2007:461","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Pirie 2002","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Pirie 2001","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wicks 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sayej 2007.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mithen and Finlayson 2007; Benz 2014; Maher et al. 2011","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Benz 2014; CalPal; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Hunt et al. 2007","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Maher et al. 2011","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Benz 2014; CalPal; Sayej 2007; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mithen and Finlayson 2007; Benz 2014; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wicks et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Finlayson et al. 2011; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Pirie 2002 5","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mithen Finlayson 2007:461","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mithen and Finlayson 2007","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mithen 2011","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CONTEXT","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}","note":"{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"}][{"bibtex_key":"NERD","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP}","shorttitle":"{The NERD Dataset}","author":"{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}","date":"{2022-02-22}","volume":"{10}","number":"{0}","pages":"{2}","publisher":"{Ubiquity Press}","issn":"{2049-1565}","doi":"{10.5334/joad.90}","url":"{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.}","issue":"{0}","langid":"{american}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Pirie 2002, 5
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Mithen, Finlayson 2007:461
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Pirie 2002
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Pirie 2001
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Wicks 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Sayej 2007.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Mithen and Finlayson 2007; Benz 2014; Maher et al. 2011
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Benz 2014; CalPal; Maher et al. 2011; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Hunt et al. 2007
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Maher et al. 2011
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Benz 2014; CalPal; Sayej 2007; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Mithen and Finlayson 2007; Benz 2014; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Wicks et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CalPal
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Finlayson et al. 2011; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Pirie 2002 5
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Mithen Finlayson 2007:461
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Mithen and Finlayson 2007
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Mithen 2011
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CONTEXT
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}"
  :note: "{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database.
    https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"
---
- :bibtex_key: NERD
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500
    Cal. Yr. BP}"
  :shorttitle: "{The NERD Dataset}"
  :author: "{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}"
  :date: "{2022-02-22}"
  :volume: "{10}"
  :number: "{0}"
  :pages: "{2}"
  :publisher: "{Ubiquity Press}"
  :issn: "{2049-1565}"
  :doi: "{10.5334/joad.90}"
  :url: "{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :abstract: "{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the
    largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near
    East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP).
    It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected
    comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and
    databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation
    reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing
    the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape,
    Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient
    Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with
    newly published radiocarbon dates.}"
  :issue: "{0}"
  :langid: "{american}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog