Site types
Coastal plain, settlement, and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
032.820° N, 034.950° E
Coordinates (DMS)
032° 49' 00" E, 034° 57' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Israel (IL)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (59)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Beta-82715 Installation 6 plant remains Olea europaea NA 6500±70 BP 7562–7274 cal BP Carmi and Segal 1992; Galili et al. 1997; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-82843 Installation 7 fruitstone (waterlogged) Olea europaea NA 6100±60 BP 7160–6796 cal BP Carmi and Segal 1992; Galili et al. 1997; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-82844 Installation 7 fruitstone (waterlogged) Olea europaea NA 6290±60 BP 7411–7011 cal BP Carmi and Segal 1992; Galili et al. 1997; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-82845 Installation 6 fruitstone (waterlogged) Olea europaea NA 6080±70 BP 7159–6754 cal BP Carmi and Segal 1992; Galili et al. 1997; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-82846 Installation 6 fruitstone (waterlogged) Olea europaea NA 6210±150 BP 7423–6748 cal BP Carmi and Segal 1992; Galili et al. 1997; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-82847 Installation 6 fruitstone (waterlogged) Olea europaea NA 6210±80 BP 7275–6895 cal BP Carmi and Segal 1992; Galili et al. 1997; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-82848 Installation 6 wood (waterlogged) NA NA 6230±80 BP 7318–6905 cal BP Carmi and Segal 1992; Galili et al. 1997; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-82849 Installation 9 wood (waterlogged) NA NA 6350±90 BP 7428–7016 cal BP Carmi and Segal 1992; Galili et al. 1997; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-82850 Installation 10 wood (waterlogged) NA NA 6940±60 BP 7927–7670 cal BP Carmi and Segal 1992; Galili et al. 1997; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Beta-82851 Water well 113 wood (waterlogged) NA NA 5860±140 BP 7149–6317 cal BP Carmi and Segal 1992; Galili et al. 1997; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Pta-3820 fosse rectangulaire; Installation 5 wood (waterlogged,branch) NA NA 6830±80 BP 7840–7516 cal BP Gopher and Gophna 1993; Clare 2010; Galili et al. 1997.CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
Pta-3821 fosse rectangulaire; Water well 3 wood (waterlogged,branch) NA NA 6830±60 BP 7785–7576 cal BP Gopher and Gophna 1993; Clare 2010; Galili et al. 1997.CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
RT-1360 200 m south of Installation 7 wood (waterlogged) Ceratonia siliqua NA 7260±80 BP 8302–7933 cal BP Carmi and Segal 1992; Galili et al. 1997; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
RT-1898 Installation 6 fruitstone (waterlogged) Olea europaea NA 5790±55 BP 6732–6450 cal BP Burton and Levy 2001; Clare 2010; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
RT-1929 Installation 7 fruitstone (waterlogged) Olea europaea NA 5630±55 BP 6535–6298 cal BP Carmi and Segal 1992; Galili et al. 1997; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
RT-1929A Installation 7 fruitstone (waterlogged) Olea europaea NA 5630±55 BP 6535–6298 cal BP Burton and Levy 2001; Clare 2010; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
RT-1930 Installation 6 fruitstone (waterlogged) Olea europaea NA 5870±70 BP 6853–6495 cal BP Burton and Levy 2001; Clare 2010; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
RT-682A Installation 3 / construction #5, 4.5 m bsl wood (waterlogged) NA NA 6670±160 BP 7844–7259 cal BP Carmi and Segal 1992; Galili et al. 1997; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
RT-682B Installation 5 / construction #3, 4.5 m bsl wood (waterlogged) NA NA 6470±130 BP 7605–7030 cal BP Carmi and Segal 1992; Galili et al. 1997; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022
RT-855 Installation 8 textile NA NA 6420±200 BP 7669–6854 cal BP Carmi and Segal 1992; Galili et al. 1997; Flohr et al. 2016 Palmisano et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (6)

Classification Estimated age References
Neolithic NA Burton and Levy 2001
Neolithic NA Burton and Levy 2001
Neolithic NA Burton and Levy 2001
Neolithic NA Burton and Levy 2001
Neolithic NA Burton and Levy 2001
Neolithic NA Lovell 2001

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{CalPal,
  
}
@misc{Lovell 2001,
  
}
@misc{Burton and Levy 2001,
  
}
@misc{Clare 2010,
  
}
@misc{Clare 2010, Galili et al. 1997, CalPal, Carmi and Segal 1992, CONTEXT, CalPal,
  
}
@misc{Burton and Levy 2001; Clare 2010; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Carmi and Segal 1992; Galili et al. 1997; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Gilead 1988,
  
}
@misc{Gopher and Gophna 1993; Clare 2010; Galili et al. 1997.CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Taillon et Barrà 1987; Archambault 1987; Plumet et al. 1993,
  
}
@misc{Breschini G. S. T. Haversat 1995,
  
}
@misc{Clare 2010 Galili et al. 1997,
  
}
@misc{Galili et al. 1997,
  
}
@misc{CONTEXT after Weinstein-Evron 1991; Weinstein-Evron et al. 2012 Carmi and Segal 1992 PPND,
  
}
@misc{Segal and Carmi 1996 Jull et al. 1998,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@article{NERD,
  title = {The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP},
  shorttitle = {The NERD Dataset},
  author = {Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen},
  date = {2022-02-22},
  volume = {10},
  number = {0},
  pages = {2},
  publisher = {Ubiquity Press},
  issn = {2049-1565},
  doi = {10.5334/joad.90},
  url = {https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  abstract = {To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.},
  issue = {0},
  langid = {american},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lovell 2001","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Burton and Levy 2001","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Clare 2010","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Clare 2010, Galili et al. 1997, CalPal, Carmi and Segal 1992, CONTEXT, CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Burton and Levy 2001; Clare 2010; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Carmi and Segal 1992; Galili et al. 1997; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gilead 1988","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gopher and Gophna 1993; Clare 2010; Galili et al. 1997.CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Taillon et Barrà 1987; Archambault 1987; Plumet et al. 1993","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Breschini G. S. T. Haversat 1995","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Clare 2010 Galili et al. 1997","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Galili et al. 1997","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"CONTEXT after Weinstein-Evron 1991; Weinstein-Evron et al. 2012 Carmi and Segal 1992 PPND","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Segal and Carmi 1996 Jull et al. 1998","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}][{"bibtex_key":"NERD","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP}","shorttitle":"{The NERD Dataset}","author":"{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}","date":"{2022-02-22}","volume":"{10}","number":"{0}","pages":"{2}","publisher":"{Ubiquity Press}","issn":"{2049-1565}","doi":"{10.5334/joad.90}","url":"{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.}","issue":"{0}","langid":"{american}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: CalPal
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lovell 2001
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Burton and Levy 2001
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Clare 2010
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Clare 2010, Galili et al. 1997, CalPal, Carmi and Segal 1992, CONTEXT,
  CalPal
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Burton and Levy 2001; Clare 2010; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Carmi and Segal 1992; Galili et al. 1997; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gilead 1988
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gopher and Gophna 1993; Clare 2010; Galili et al. 1997.CalPal; Flohr
  et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Taillon et Barrà 1987; Archambault 1987; Plumet et al. 1993
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Breschini G. S. T. Haversat 1995
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Clare 2010 Galili et al. 1997
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Galili et al. 1997
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: CONTEXT after Weinstein-Evron 1991; Weinstein-Evron et al. 2012 Carmi
  and Segal 1992 PPND
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Segal and Carmi 1996 Jull et al. 1998
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
- :bibtex_key: NERD
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500
    Cal. Yr. BP}"
  :shorttitle: "{The NERD Dataset}"
  :author: "{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}"
  :date: "{2022-02-22}"
  :volume: "{10}"
  :number: "{0}"
  :pages: "{2}"
  :publisher: "{Ubiquity Press}"
  :issn: "{2049-1565}"
  :doi: "{10.5334/joad.90}"
  :url: "{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :abstract: "{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the
    largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near
    East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP).
    It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected
    comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and
    databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation
    reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing
    the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape,
    Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient
    Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with
    newly published radiocarbon dates.}"
  :issue: "{0}"
  :langid: "{american}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"

Changelog