Site types
Plein air, settlement, settlement, and

Location

100 m
Leaflet Tiles © Esri — Source: Esri, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, GeoEye, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, UPR-EGP, and the GIS User Community
Coordinates (degrees)
034.420° N, 047.570° E
Coordinates (DMS)
034° 25' 00" E, 047° 34' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Iran (IR)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (198)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Beta-108238 bone NA 14C 8780±50 BP 10118–9555 cal BP Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256 Weninger 2022
Beta-108239 bone NA 14C 8930±60 BP 10229–9812 cal BP Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256 Weninger 2022
Beta-108240 bone NA 14C 8780±50 BP 10118–9555 cal BP Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256 Weninger 2022
Beta-108241 bone NA 14C 8720±50 BP 9890–9546 cal BP Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256 Weninger 2022
Beta-108242 bone NA 14C 8940±50 BP 10217–9905 cal BP Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256 Weninger 2022
Beta-108243 bone NA 14C 8920±50 BP 10205–9895 cal BP Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256 Weninger 2022
Beta-108244 bone NA 14C 8840±50 BP 10155–9704 cal BP Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256 Weninger 2022
Beta-108245 bone NA 14C 8940±50 BP 10217–9905 cal BP Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256 Weninger 2022
Beta-108246 bone NA 14C 8870±50 BP 10180–9765 cal BP Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256 Weninger 2022
Beta-108247 bone NA 14C 8830±50 BP 10153–9693 cal BP Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256 Weninger 2022
Beta-108248 bone NA 14C 8900±50 BP 10194–9795 cal BP Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256 Weninger 2022
Beta-108249 bone NA 14C 8840±50 BP 10155–9704 cal BP Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256 Weninger 2022
Beta-432800 bone Homo sapiens 14C 8860±50 BP 10175–9755 cal BP Meiklejohn 2017 Weninger 2022
Beta-432801 bone Homo sapiens 14C 330±30 BP 470–310 cal BP Meiklejohn 2017 Weninger 2022
Beta-436170 bone Homo sapiens 14C 9000±40 BP 10240–9963 cal BP Meiklejohn 2017 Weninger 2022
GaK-807 charcoal NA 14C 10400±150 BP 12709–11752 cal BP Kigoshi 1967, 61 Weninger 2022
GaK-994 charcoal NA 14C 8910±170 BP 10381–9542 cal BP Kigoshi 1967, 61 Weninger 2022
OxA-2099 seed/fruit Hordeum 14C 8840±110 BP 10194–9556 cal BP Housley 1994, 68 Weninger 2022
OxA-2100 seed/fruit Hordeum 14C 9010±110 BP 10485–9758 cal BP Housley 1994, 68 Weninger 2022
OxA-2101 seed/fruit Hordeum 14C 8850±100 BP 10197–9560 cal BP Housley 1994, 68 Weninger 2022

typological date Typological dates (148)

Classification Estimated age References
Neolithic NA Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256
Neolithic NA Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256
Neolithic NA Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256
Neolithic NA Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256
Neolithic NA Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256
Neolithic NA Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256
Neolithic NA Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256
Neolithic NA Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256
Neolithic NA Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256
Neolithic NA Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256
Neolithic NA Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256
Neolithic NA Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256
Neolithic NA Meiklejohn 2017
Neolithic NA Meiklejohn 2017
Neolithic NA Meiklejohn 2017
Neolithic NA Kigoshi 1967, 61
Neolithic NA Kigoshi 1967, 61
Neolithic NA Housley 1994, 68
Neolithic NA Housley 1994, 68
Neolithic NA Housley 1994, 68

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256,
  
}
@misc{Meiklejohn 2017,
  
}
@misc{Kigoshi 1967, 61,
  
}
@misc{Housley 1994, 68,
  
}
@misc{Lawn 1970, 580,
  
}
@misc{Lawn 1970, 579,
  
}
@misc{Hole 1987, 374,
  
}
@misc{Stuckenrath and Mielke 1973, 398,
  
}
@misc{Hole 1987, Voigt and Dyson 1992,
  
}
@misc{Hole 1987,
  
}
@misc{Stuckenrath and Mielke 1973, Hole 1987,
  
}
@misc{Hole 1987, Voigt and Dyson 1992, Banadora,
  
}
@misc{Housley 1994,
  
}
@misc{Zeder and Hesse 2000,
  
}
@misc{Lawn 1970, Hole 1987,
  
}
@misc{Kigoshi 1967, Hole 1987, Banadora,
  
}
@misc{Kigoshi 1967, Hole 1987,
  
}
@misc{Zeder and Hesse 2000; Marshall 2012; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Meiklejohn et al. 2017,
  
}
@misc{Kigoshi 1967,
  
}
@misc{Kigoshi 1967; Hole 1987; Marshall 2012; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Hisuley 1994;  Marshall 2012; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Housley 1994; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Lawn 1970; Hole 1987; Marshall 2012; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Hole 1987; Marshall 2012; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Hole 1987; Pinhasi et al. 2005; Marshall 2012; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016,
  
}
@misc{Zeder and Hesse 2000 2256,
  
}
@article{Vermeersch2020,
  title = {Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included},
  author = {Vermeersch, Pierre M},
  year = {2020},
  month = {aug},
  journal = {Data Brief},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {105793},
  issn = {2352-3409},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793},
  abstract = {At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.},
  month_numeric = {8}
}
@misc{HOVEZAK AND SESLER 2002,
  
}
@misc{Kigoshi 1967 Hole 1987,
  
}
@misc{Kigoshi 1967 Hole 1987 Banadora,
  
}
@misc{Kigoshi 1967 61,
  
}
@misc{Housley 1994 68,
  
}
@misc{Lawn 1970 580,
  
}
@misc{Lawn 1970 579,
  
}
@misc{Hole 1987 374,
  
}
@misc{Stuckenrath and Mielke 1973 398,
  
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@misc{CONTEXT,
  url = {http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php},
  note = {Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}
}
@article{RADON,
  title = {RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.},
  author = {Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter},
  date = {2012},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Neolithic Archaeology},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {1–4},
  url = {https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116},
  abstract = {In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}
}
@article{NERD,
  title = {The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP},
  shorttitle = {The NERD Dataset},
  author = {Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen},
  date = {2022-02-22},
  volume = {10},
  number = {0},
  pages = {2},
  publisher = {Ubiquity Press},
  issn = {2049-1565},
  doi = {10.5334/joad.90},
  url = {https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  abstract = {To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.},
  issue = {0},
  langid = {american},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}
}
@dataset{BDA,
  title = {Base de Données Archéologique (BDA)},
  author = {Perrin, Thomas},
  date = {2021-02-03},
  publisher = {NAKALA},
  doi = {10.34847/nkl.dde9fnm8},
  url = {https://nakala.fr/10.34847/nkl.dde9fnm8},
  urldate = {2023-09-07},
  abstract = {Exports in .xlsx format of the main tables of the BDA database (Archaeological Database), available here https://bda.huma-num.fr/ in Filemaker Pro format.},
  langid = {french}
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
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Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a \"cultural\" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in \"My Places\". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.}","month_numeric":"{8}"}]{"bibtex_key":"HOVEZAK AND SESLER 2002","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kigoshi 1967 Hole 1987","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kigoshi 1967 Hole 1987 Banadora","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kigoshi 1967 61","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Housley 1994 68","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lawn 1970 580","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lawn 1970 579","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Hole 1987 374","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Stuckenrath and Mielke 1973 398","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"CONTEXT","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}","note":"{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database. https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"}][{"bibtex_key":"RADON","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}","author":"{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}","date":"{2012}","journaltitle":"{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}","volume":"{14}","pages":"{1–4}","url":"{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}","abstract":"{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}"}][{"bibtex_key":"NERD","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500 Cal. Yr. BP}","shorttitle":"{The NERD Dataset}","author":"{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}","date":"{2022-02-22}","volume":"{10}","number":"{0}","pages":"{2}","publisher":"{Ubiquity Press}","issn":"{2049-1565}","doi":"{10.5334/joad.90}","url":"{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP). It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape, Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with newly published radiocarbon dates.}","issue":"{0}","langid":"{american}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"}][{"bibtex_key":"BDA","bibtex_type":"dataset","title":"{Base de Données Archéologique (BDA)}","author":"{Perrin, Thomas}","date":"{2021-02-03}","publisher":"{NAKALA}","doi":"{10.34847/nkl.dde9fnm8}","url":"{https://nakala.fr/10.34847/nkl.dde9fnm8}","urldate":"{2023-09-07}","abstract":"{Exports in .xlsx format of the main tables of the BDA database (Archaeological Database), available here https://bda.huma-num.fr/ in Filemaker Pro format.}","langid":"{french}"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Zeder and Hesse 2000, 2256
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Meiklejohn 2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kigoshi 1967, 61
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Housley 1994, 68
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lawn 1970, 580
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lawn 1970, 579
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Hole 1987, 374
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stuckenrath and Mielke 1973, 398
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Hole 1987, Voigt and Dyson 1992
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Hole 1987
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stuckenrath and Mielke 1973, Hole 1987
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Hole 1987, Voigt and Dyson 1992, Banadora
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Housley 1994
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Zeder and Hesse 2000
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lawn 1970, Hole 1987
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kigoshi 1967, Hole 1987, Banadora
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kigoshi 1967, Hole 1987
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Zeder and Hesse 2000; Marshall 2012; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Meiklejohn et al. 2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kigoshi 1967
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kigoshi 1967; Hole 1987; Marshall 2012; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Hisuley 1994;  Marshall 2012; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Housley 1994; Benz 2014; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lawn 1970; Hole 1987; Marshall 2012; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Hole 1987; Marshall 2012; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Hole 1987; Pinhasi et al. 2005; Marshall 2012; CalPal; Flohr et al. 2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Zeder and Hesse 2000 2256
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: Vermeersch2020
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset
    of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}"
  :author: "{Vermeersch, Pierre M}"
  :year: "{2020}"
  :month: "{aug}"
  :journal: "{Data Brief}"
  :volume: "{31}"
  :pages: "{105793}"
  :issn: "{2352-3409}"
  :doi: "{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}"
  :abstract: '{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late
    Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations,
    was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie
    humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation
    of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes
    Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental
    conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites
    with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available
    radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We
    try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind
    of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated
    with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian
    Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates
    are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic,
    sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database.
    For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft
    Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites
    with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is
    available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file
    open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version
    27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most
    of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data:
    Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U
    and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates
    are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version
    26.}'
  :month_numeric: "{8}"
---
:bibtex_key: HOVEZAK AND SESLER 2002
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kigoshi 1967 Hole 1987
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kigoshi 1967 Hole 1987 Banadora
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kigoshi 1967 61
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Housley 1994 68
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lawn 1970 580
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lawn 1970 579
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Hole 1987 374
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Stuckenrath and Mielke 1973 398
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CONTEXT
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{http://context-database.uni-koeln.de/index.php}"
  :note: "{Schyle, D. & Böhner, U. 2006. Near Eastern radiocarbon CONTEXT database.
    https://doi.org/10.1594/GFZ.CONTEXT.ED1}"
---
- :bibtex_key: RADON
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C
    Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}"
  :author: "{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian,
    Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}"
  :date: "{2012}"
  :journaltitle: "{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}"
  :volume: "{14}"
  :pages: "{1–4}"
  :url: "{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}"
  :abstract: "{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific
    dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently
    of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller
    2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy,
    still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level,
    it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and
    that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as
    sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates,
    but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate
    results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e.
    g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This
    approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which
    we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has
    been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C
    data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia –
    is collected and successively augmented.}"
---
- :bibtex_key: NERD
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{The NERD Dataset: Near East Radiocarbon Dates between 15,000 and 1,500
    Cal. Yr. BP}"
  :shorttitle: "{The NERD Dataset}"
  :author: "{Palmisano, Alessio and Bevan, Andrew and Lawrence, Dan and Shennan, Stephen}"
  :date: "{2022-02-22}"
  :volume: "{10}"
  :number: "{0}"
  :pages: "{2}"
  :publisher: "{Ubiquity Press}"
  :issn: "{2049-1565}"
  :doi: "{10.5334/joad.90}"
  :url: "{https://openarchaeologydata.metajnl.com/articles/10.5334/joad.90}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :abstract: "{To our knowledge, the dataset described in this paper represents the
    largest existing repository of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates for the whole Near
    East from the Late Pleistocene to the Late Holocene (15,000 – 1,500 cal. yr. BP).
    It is composed of 11,027 radiocarbon dates from 1,023 sites that have been collected
    comprehensively by cross-checking multiple sources (extant digital archives and
    databases, edited volumes, monographs, journals papers, archaeological excavation
    reports, etc.) under the umbrella of the Leverhulme Trust funded project “Changing
    the Face of the Mediterranean” and of the ERC project “CLASS – Climate, Landscape,
    Settlement and Society: Exploring Human-Environment Interaction in the Ancient
    Near East”. This is an ongoing dataset that will be updated step by step with
    newly published radiocarbon dates.}"
  :issue: "{0}"
  :langid: "{american}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2022/Palmisano_et_al_2022.pdf}"
---
- :bibtex_key: BDA
  :bibtex_type: :dataset
  :title: "{Base de Données Archéologique (BDA)}"
  :author: "{Perrin, Thomas}"
  :date: "{2021-02-03}"
  :publisher: "{NAKALA}"
  :doi: "{10.34847/nkl.dde9fnm8}"
  :url: "{https://nakala.fr/10.34847/nkl.dde9fnm8}"
  :urldate: "{2023-09-07}"
  :abstract: "{Exports in .xlsx format of the main tables of the BDA database (Archaeological
    Database), available here https://bda.huma-num.fr/ in Filemaker Pro format.}"
  :langid: "{french}"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog