P-2106

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon date from Franchthi Cave, c. 10125–9537 cal BP
Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team

Measurement

Age (uncal BP)
8730
Error (±)
90
Lab
NA
Method
NA
Sample material
Charcoal
Sample taxon
NA

Calibration

Calibration curve
IntCal20 (Reimer et al. 2020)
Calibrated age (2σ, cal BP)
  • 10125–10061
  • 10041–10022
  • 10013–9988
  • 9962–9537

Context

Site
Franchthi Cave
Context
FAN:177
Sample position
NA
Sample coordinates
NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references (97) 

@misc{Lawn 1975: 201–203, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Perlès 2001: 26,
  
}
@misc{14SEA,
  url = {http://www.14sea.org/},
  note = {Reingruber, A., and Thissen, L. (2017). The 14SEA Project: A 14C database for Southeast Europe and Anatolia (10,000–3000 calBC). Updated 2017-01-31. http://www.14sea.org/index.html}
}
@misc{Fishman et al. 1977: 190f., Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71,
  
}
@misc{Fishman et al. 1977: 190f., Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Perlès 2001: 26,
  
}
@misc{Lawn 1971: 366, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71,
  
}
@misc{Lawn 1971: 367, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71,
  
}
@misc{Lawn 1971: 366, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Perlès 2001: 26,
  
}
@misc{Lawn 1971: 364–367, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71,
  
}
@misc{Lawn 1971: 365, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Perlès 2001: 26,
  
}
@misc{Perlès et al. 2013,
  
}
@misc{Lawn 1975: 201–203, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71,
  
}
@misc{Perlès et al. 2013: “too recent”,
  
}
@misc{Lawn 1971: 365, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71,
  
}
@misc{Lawn 1974: 221, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71,
  
}
@misc{Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Vitelli 1999: 138 Table 9,
  
}
@misc{Fishman et al. 1977: 190f., Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Vitelli 1999: 5,
  
}
@misc{Lawn 1971: 365, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Vitelli 1999: 5 and 138 Table 9,
  
}
@misc{Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Vitelli 1999: 5 and 138 Table 9,
  
}
@misc{Lawn 1971: 364, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Vitelli 1999: 5 and 138 Table 9,
  
}
@misc{Lawn 1971, 365,
  
}
@misc{Facorellis 2003,
  
}
@misc{Kiel DB 3488,
  
}
@misc{Kiel DB 3489,
  
}
@misc{Jacobsen and Ferrand 1987, 26,
  
}
@misc{Lawn 1975, 201,
  
}
@misc{Kiel DB 3500,
  
}
@misc{Perlès 2021,
  
}
@misc{Perlès 2020,
  
}
@misc{Perlès 2015,
  
}
@misc{Perlès 2014,
  
}
@misc{Perlès 2013,
  
}
@misc{Perlès 2016,
  
}
@misc{Perlès 2018,
  
}
@misc{Perlès 2017,
  
}
@misc{Perlès 2019,
  
}
@misc{Jacobsen/Ferrand 1987; Perlès 2001,
  
}
@misc{Lawn 1971; Jacobsen/Ferrand 1987; Perlès 2001,
  
}
@misc{FacorellisVardala-Theodorou2015,
  
}
@misc{Doukaetal2011;ElefantiMarshall2015,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Perlèsetal2013;Reingruber2015;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Perlèsetal2013;Reingruber2015,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Buckley1976;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;Meeetal2014;ReingruberThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{Buckley1976;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{Buckley1976;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{Buckley1976;Doukaetal2011;ElefantiMarshall2015;Facorellis2013;JacobsenFarrand1987,
  
}
@misc{Doukaetal2011,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1971;Perlès2001;ReingruberThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Lawn1971;Manningetal2015;ReingruberThissen2005;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1971;Meeetal2014;ReingruberThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1971;ReingruberThissen2005,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1971;ReingruberThissen2005,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1971;ReingruberThissen2005;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{Facorellis2013;Lawn1971,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;JacobsenFarrand1987;Lawn1971;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;JacobsenFarrand1987;Lawn1971;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Trantalidou2014;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;DemoulePerles1993;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;JacobsenetalFarrand1987;Lawn1971;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;JacobsenFarrand1987;Lawn1971;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005;Trantalidou2014;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1971;Meeetal2014;Sampsonetal1999;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;Johnson1999;Lawn1971;Meeetal2014;Sampsonetal1999;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{Facorellis2013;Lawn1971;Manningetal2015;Meeetal2014;Sampsonetal1999;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2013;FacorellisVardala-Theodorou2015;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1971;Meeetal2014;ReingruberetalThissen2005;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;JacobsenFarrand1987;Lawn1971;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2013;Lawn1974;Manningetal2015;Meeetal2014;ReingruberThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{ElefantiMarshall2015;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1974,
  
}
@misc{Facorellis2013;FacorellisVardala-Theodorou2015;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1974;Meeetal2014;Sampsonetal1999;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1974;Meeetal2014;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2013;FacorellisVardala-Theodorou2015;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1974;Meeetal2014;ReingruberetalThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;FacorellisVardala-Theodorou2015;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1974;Meeetal2014;ReingruberetalThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009,
  
}
@misc{Facorellis2013;FacorellisVardala-Theodorou2015;Lawn1974;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;JacobsenFarrand1987;Lawn1975;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;DemoulePerles1993;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;FacorellisetalVardala-Theodorou2015;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1975;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;FacorellisVardala-Theodorou2015;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1975;ReingruberetalThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;FacorellisVardala-Theodorou2015;Hinzetal2012;JacobsenetalFarrand1987;Lawn1975;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;JacobsenFarrand1987;Lawn1975;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005;Trantalidou2014,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;JacobsenFarrand1987;Lawn1975;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;JacobsenFarrand1987;JingetalRapp2003;Lawn1975;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;JacobsenFarrand1987;Lawn1975;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005;Trantalidou2014,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Catling1978;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Fishmanetal1977;Hinzetal2012;JacobsenFarrand1987;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005;Trantalidou2014;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Catling1978;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Fishmanetal1977;JacobsenFarrand1987;Manningetal2015;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Catling1978;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Fishmanetal1977;Hinzetal2012;ReingruberThissen2005;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{Catling1978;ElefantiMarshall2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;FacorellisVardala-Theodorou2015;Fishmanetal1977;Hinzetal2012;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{Facorellis2013;Fishmanetal1977,
  
}
@misc{Catling1978;Doukaetal2011;ElefantiMarshall2015;Facorellis2013;Fishmanetal1977,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Catling1978;Facorellis2013;Fishmanetal1977;Manningetal2015;ReingruberThissen2005;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{BramiZanotti2015;Catling1978;Facorellis2013;Fishmanetal1977;Hinzetal2012;ReingruberThissen2005;Weninger2017,
  
}
@misc{Facorellis 2013,
  
}
@article{Vermeersch2020,
  title = {Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included},
  author = {Vermeersch, Pierre M},
  year = {2020},
  month = {aug},
  journal = {Data Brief},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {105793},
  issn = {2352-3409},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793},
  abstract = {At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.},
  month_numeric = {8}
}
@misc{14SEA,
  
}
@article{RADON,
  title = {RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.},
  author = {Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter},
  date = {2012},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Neolithic Archaeology},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {1–4},
  url = {https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116},
  abstract = {In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}
}
@misc{PalÔøΩo 13 2001: 204.,
  
}
@misc{Douka K.  2012. JHE xxx:1,
  
}
@misc{Benazzi. S.  2011. doi:10.1038/nature10617.,
  
}
@misc{Orton 2012: 17 Table 2,
  
}
@misc{Petillon J.-M.  2012. JHE 62: 435-465.,
  
}
@misc{Lawn 1971: 366 Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71,
  
}
@misc{Lawn 1971: 364 Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71 Vitelli 1999: 5 and 138 Table 9,
  
}
@misc{Lawn 1974: 221 Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71,
  
}

{"bibtex_key":"Lawn 1975: 201–203, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Perlès 2001: 26","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"14SEA","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{http://www.14sea.org/}","note":"{Reingruber, A., and Thissen, L. (2017). The 14SEA Project: A 14C database for Southeast Europe and Anatolia (10,000–3000 calBC). Updated 2017-01-31. http://www.14sea.org/index.html}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Fishman et al. 1977: 190f., Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Fishman et al. 1977: 190f., Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Perlès 2001: 26","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lawn 1971: 366, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lawn 1971: 367, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lawn 1971: 366, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Perlès 2001: 26","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lawn 1971: 364–367, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lawn 1971: 365, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Perlès 2001: 26","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Perlès et al. 2013","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lawn 1975: 201–203, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Perlès et al. 2013: “too recent”","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lawn 1971: 365, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lawn 1974: 221, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Vitelli 1999: 138 Table 9","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Fishman et al. 1977: 190f., Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Vitelli 1999: 5","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lawn 1971: 365, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Vitelli 1999: 5 and 138 Table 9","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Vitelli 1999: 5 and 138 Table 9","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lawn 1971: 364, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Vitelli 1999: 5 and 138 Table 9","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lawn 1971, 365","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Facorellis 2003","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kiel DB 3488","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kiel DB 3489","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Jacobsen and Ferrand 1987, 26","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lawn 1975, 201","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kiel DB 3500","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Perlès 2021","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Perlès 2020","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Perlès 2015","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Perlès 2014","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Perlès 2013","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Perlès 2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Perlès 2018","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Perlès 2017","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Perlès 2019","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Jacobsen/Ferrand 1987; Perlès 2001","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lawn 1971; Jacobsen/Ferrand 1987; Perlès 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2013","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"Vermeersch2020","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}","author":"{Vermeersch, Pierre M}","year":"{2020}","month":"{aug}","journal":"{Data Brief}","volume":"{31}","pages":"{105793}","issn":"{2352-3409}","doi":"{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}","abstract":"{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a \"cultural\" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in \"My Places\". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.}","month_numeric":"{8}"}]{"bibtex_key":"14SEA","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"RADON","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}","author":"{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}","date":"{2012}","journaltitle":"{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}","volume":"{14}","pages":"{1–4}","url":"{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}","abstract":"{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}"}]{"bibtex_key":"PalÔøΩo 13 2001: 204.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Douka K.  2012. JHE xxx:1","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Benazzi. S.  2011. doi:10.1038/nature10617.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Orton 2012: 17 Table 2","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Petillon J.-M.  2012. JHE 62: 435-465.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lawn 1971: 366 Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lawn 1971: 364 Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71 Vitelli 1999: 5 and 138 Table 9","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lawn 1974: 221 Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71","bibtex_type":"misc"}
---
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---
- :bibtex_key: 14SEA
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  :url: "{http://www.14sea.org/}"
  :note: "{Reingruber, A., and Thissen, L. (2017). The 14SEA Project: A 14C database
    for Southeast Europe and Anatolia (10,000–3000 calBC). Updated 2017-01-31. http://www.14sea.org/index.html}"
---
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---
:bibtex_key: 'Fishman et al. 1977: 190f., Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Perlès
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:bibtex_key: 'Lawn 1971: 366, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71'
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:bibtex_key: 'Lawn 1971: 367, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71'
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---
:bibtex_key: 'Lawn 1971: 366, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Perlès 2001: 26'
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:bibtex_key: 'Lawn 1971: 364–367, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71'
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:bibtex_key: 'Lawn 1971: 365, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Perlès 2001: 26'
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:bibtex_key: Perlès et al. 2013
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---
:bibtex_key: 'Lawn 1975: 201–203, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71'
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:bibtex_key: 'Perlès et al. 2013: “too recent”'
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:bibtex_key: 'Lawn 1971: 365, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71'
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:bibtex_key: 'Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Vitelli 1999: 138 Table 9'
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:bibtex_key: 'Fishman et al. 1977: 190f., Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Vitelli
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:bibtex_key: 'Lawn 1971: 365, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Vitelli 1999: 5 and
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:bibtex_key: 'Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Vitelli 1999: 5 and 138 Table 9'
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:bibtex_key: 'Lawn 1971: 364, Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71, Vitelli 1999: 5 and
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:bibtex_key: Lawn 1971, 365
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:bibtex_key: Jacobsen and Ferrand 1987, 26
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:bibtex_key: Perlès 2019
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:bibtex_key: Buckley1976;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;Weninger2017
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:bibtex_key: Buckley1976;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;Weninger2017
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:bibtex_key: Buckley1976;Doukaetal2011;ElefantiMarshall2015;Facorellis2013;JacobsenFarrand1987
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:bibtex_key: Doukaetal2011
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:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1971;Perlès2001;ReingruberThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Weninger2017
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:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Lawn1971;Manningetal2015;ReingruberThissen2005;Weninger2017
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:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1971;Meeetal2014;ReingruberThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Weninger2017
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:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1971;ReingruberThissen2005
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:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1971;ReingruberThissen2005
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:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1971;ReingruberThissen2005;Weninger2017
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:bibtex_key: Facorellis2013;Lawn1971
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:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;JacobsenFarrand1987;Lawn1971;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Weninger2017
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:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;JacobsenFarrand1987;Lawn1971;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Trantalidou2014;Weninger2017
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---
:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;DemoulePerles1993;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;JacobsenetalFarrand1987;Lawn1971;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Weninger2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;JacobsenFarrand1987;Lawn1971;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005;Trantalidou2014;Weninger2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
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:bibtex_key: Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1971;Meeetal2014;Sampsonetal1999;Weninger2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
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:bibtex_key: Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;Johnson1999;Lawn1971;Meeetal2014;Sampsonetal1999;Weninger2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
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:bibtex_key: Facorellis2013;Lawn1971;Manningetal2015;Meeetal2014;Sampsonetal1999;Weninger2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
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:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2013;FacorellisVardala-Theodorou2015;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1971;Meeetal2014;ReingruberetalThissen2005;Weninger2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;JacobsenFarrand1987;Lawn1971;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005;Weninger2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2013;Lawn1974;Manningetal2015;Meeetal2014;ReingruberThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Weninger2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: ElefantiMarshall2015;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1974
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Facorellis2013;FacorellisVardala-Theodorou2015;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1974;Meeetal2014;Sampsonetal1999;Weninger2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1974;Meeetal2014;Weninger2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2013;FacorellisVardala-Theodorou2015;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1974;Meeetal2014;ReingruberetalThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Weninger2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;FacorellisVardala-Theodorou2015;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1974;Meeetal2014;ReingruberetalThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Facorellis2013;FacorellisVardala-Theodorou2015;Lawn1974;Weninger2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;JacobsenFarrand1987;Lawn1975;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Weninger2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;DemoulePerles1993;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;FacorellisetalVardala-Theodorou2015;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1975;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;FacorellisVardala-Theodorou2015;Hinzetal2012;Lawn1975;ReingruberetalThissen2005;ReingruberetalThissen2009;Weninger2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;FacorellisVardala-Theodorou2015;Hinzetal2012;JacobsenetalFarrand1987;Lawn1975;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;JacobsenFarrand1987;Lawn1975;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005;Trantalidou2014
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Hinzetal2012;JacobsenFarrand1987;Lawn1975;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;JacobsenFarrand1987;JingetalRapp2003;Lawn1975;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;JacobsenFarrand1987;Lawn1975;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005;Trantalidou2014
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Catling1978;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Fishmanetal1977;Hinzetal2012;JacobsenFarrand1987;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005;Trantalidou2014;Weninger2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Catling1978;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Fishmanetal1977;JacobsenFarrand1987;Manningetal2015;Perlès2001;ReingruberetalThissen2005;Weninger2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Catling1978;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;Fishmanetal1977;Hinzetal2012;ReingruberThissen2005;Weninger2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Catling1978;ElefantiMarshall2015;Facorellis2003;Facorellis2013;FacorellisVardala-Theodorou2015;Fishmanetal1977;Hinzetal2012;Weninger2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Facorellis2013;Fishmanetal1977
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Catling1978;Doukaetal2011;ElefantiMarshall2015;Facorellis2013;Fishmanetal1977
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Catling1978;Facorellis2013;Fishmanetal1977;Manningetal2015;ReingruberThissen2005;Weninger2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: BramiZanotti2015;Catling1978;Facorellis2013;Fishmanetal1977;Hinzetal2012;ReingruberThissen2005;Weninger2017
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Facorellis 2013
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: Vermeersch2020
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset
    of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}"
  :author: "{Vermeersch, Pierre M}"
  :year: "{2020}"
  :month: "{aug}"
  :journal: "{Data Brief}"
  :volume: "{31}"
  :pages: "{105793}"
  :issn: "{2352-3409}"
  :doi: "{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}"
  :abstract: '{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late
    Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations,
    was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie
    humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation
    of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes
    Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental
    conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites
    with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available
    radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We
    try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind
    of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated
    with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian
    Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates
    are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic,
    sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database.
    For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft
    Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites
    with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is
    available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file
    open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version
    27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most
    of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data:
    Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U
    and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates
    are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version
    26.}'
  :month_numeric: "{8}"
---
:bibtex_key: 14SEA
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: RADON
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C
    Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}"
  :author: "{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian,
    Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}"
  :date: "{2012}"
  :journaltitle: "{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}"
  :volume: "{14}"
  :pages: "{1–4}"
  :url: "{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}"
  :abstract: "{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific
    dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently
    of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller
    2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy,
    still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level,
    it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and
    that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as
    sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates,
    but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate
    results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e.
    g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This
    approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which
    we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has
    been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C
    data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia –
    is collected and successively augmented.}"
---
:bibtex_key: 'PalÔøΩo 13 2001: 204.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Douka K.  2012. JHE xxx:1
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Benazzi. S.  2011. doi:10.1038/nature10617.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Orton 2012: 17 Table 2'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Petillon J.-M.  2012. JHE 62: 435-465.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Lawn 1971: 366 Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Lawn 1971: 364 Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71 Vitelli 1999: 5 and
  138 Table 9'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Lawn 1974: 221 Jacobsen & Farrand 1987: Plate 71'
:bibtex_type: :misc

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