Pta-3604

Radiocarbon date from Tortoise Cave, c. 3975–3636 cal BP

Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team

Measurement

Age (uncal BP): 3520
Error (±): 60
Lab: NA
Method: NA
Sample material: charcoal
Sample taxon: NA

Calibration

Calibration curve

SHCal20 (Hogg et al. 2020)

Calibrated age (2σ, cal BP)

3975–3941
3934–3636

Context

Site: Tortoise Cave
Context
Sample position: NA
Sample coordinates: NA

Bibliographic references (13)

No bibliographic information available. [Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).]
Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]
No bibliographic information available. [morris1992scs]
No bibliographic information available. [jerardino1996csl]
No bibliographic information available. [L. Iakovleva Recherches sur le PalÔøΩolithique supÔøΩrieur de l'Ukraine (1997-2000) XIVÔøΩme congrÔøΩs UISPP LiÔøΩge ERAUL 35-43. Chabai V. 2005. Kabasi II Simferopol-Cologne. Marks A. 2007. In: Hovers E. Int Contribution to Archaeology]
No bibliographic information available. [Jerardino A. 2010. Large shell middens in Lamberts Bay South Africa: a case of hunter-gatherer resource intensification. Journal of Archaeological Science 37:2291–2302.]
No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117]
No bibliographic information available. [Avner et al. 1994 262-273]
No bibliographic information available. [Voigt E. and De Villiers H. 1972. Preliminary report on Welgegund: an Iron Age burial site.The South African Archaeological Bulletin27(107/108) pp.155-163.]
No bibliographic information available. [Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2) pp.84-94.]
No bibliographic information available. [Jerardino A.M. Yates R. Morris A.G. and Sealy J.C. 1992. A dated human burial from the Namaqualand coast: observations on culture biology and diet.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.75-81.]
No bibliographic information available. [Evers T.M. and Van der Merwe N.J. 1987. Iron Age Ceramics from Phalaborwa North Eastern Transvaal Lowveld South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.87-106.]
No bibliographic information available. [Binneman J. 1996. Preliminary report on the investigations at Kulubele an Early Iron Age farming settlement in the Great Kei River Valley Eastern Cape. South African Field Archaeology. 5 28–35.]

@misc{Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@misc{morris1992scs,
  
}
@misc{jerardino1996csl,
  
}
@misc{L. Iakovleva Recherches sur le PalÔøΩolithique supÔøΩrieur de l'Ukraine (1997-2000) XIVÔøΩme congrÔøΩs UISPP LiÔøΩge ERAUL 35-43. Chabai V.  2005. Kabasi II Simferopol-Cologne. Marks A.  2007. In: Hovers E. Int Contribution to Archaeology,
  
}
@misc{Jerardino A. 2010. Large shell middens in Lamberts Bay South Africa: a case of hunter-gatherer resource intensification. Journal of Archaeological Science 37:2291–2302.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117,
  
}
@misc{Avner et al. 1994 262-273,
  
}
@misc{Voigt E. and De Villiers H. 1972. Preliminary report on Welgegund: an Iron Age burial site.The South African Archaeological Bulletin27(107/108) pp.155-163.,
  
}
@misc{Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2) pp.84-94.,
  
}
@misc{Jerardino A.M. Yates R. Morris A.G. and Sealy J.C. 1992. A dated human burial from the Namaqualand coast: observations on culture biology and diet.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.75-81.,
  
}
@misc{Evers T.M. and Van der Merwe N.J. 1987. Iron Age Ceramics from Phalaborwa North Eastern Transvaal Lowveld South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.87-106.,
  
}
@misc{Binneman J. 1996. Preliminary report on the investigations at Kulubele an Early Iron Age farming settlement in the Great Kei River Valley Eastern Cape. South African Field Archaeology. 5 28–35.,
  
}

{"bibtex_key":"Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]{"bibtex_key":"morris1992scs","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"jerardino1996csl","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"L. Iakovleva Recherches sur le PalÔøΩolithique supÔøΩrieur de l'Ukraine (1997-2000) XIVÔøΩme congrÔøΩs UISPP LiÔøΩge ERAUL 35-43. Chabai V.  2005. Kabasi II Simferopol-Cologne. Marks A.  2007. In: Hovers E. Int Contribution to Archaeology","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Jerardino A. 2010. Large shell middens in Lamberts Bay South Africa: a case of hunter-gatherer resource intensification. Journal of Archaeological Science 37:2291–2302.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Avner et al. 1994 262-273","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Voigt E. and De Villiers H. 1972. Preliminary report on Welgegund: an Iron Age burial site.The South African Archaeological Bulletin27(107/108) pp.155-163.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2) pp.84-94.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Jerardino A.M. Yates R. Morris A.G. and Sealy J.C. 1992. A dated human burial from the Namaqualand coast: observations on culture biology and diet.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.75-81.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Evers T.M. and Van der Merwe N.J. 1987. Iron Age Ceramics from Phalaborwa North Eastern Transvaal Lowveld South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.87-106.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Binneman J. 1996. Preliminary report on the investigations at Kulubele an Early Iron Age farming settlement in the Great Kei River Valley Eastern Cape. South African Field Archaeology. 5 28–35.","bibtex_type":"misc"}

---
:bibtex_key: Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast
  of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of
  Cape Town).
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
:bibtex_key: morris1992scs
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: jerardino1996csl
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'L. Iakovleva Recherches sur le PalÔøΩolithique supÔøΩrieur de l''Ukraine
  (1997-2000) XIVÔøΩme congrÔøΩs UISPP LiÔøΩge ERAUL 35-43. Chabai V.  2005. Kabasi
  II Simferopol-Cologne. Marks A.  2007. In: Hovers E. Int Contribution to Archaeology'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Jerardino A. 2010. Large shell middens in Lamberts Bay South Africa:
  a case of hunter-gatherer resource intensification. Journal of Archaeological Science
  37:2291–2302.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III.
  Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Avner et al. 1994 262-273
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Voigt E. and De Villiers H. 1972. Preliminary report on Welgegund: an
  Iron Age burial site.The South African Archaeological Bulletin27(107/108) pp.155-163.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone
  Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2)
  pp.84-94.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Jerardino A.M. Yates R. Morris A.G. and Sealy J.C. 1992. A dated human
  burial from the Namaqualand coast: observations on culture biology and diet.The
  South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.75-81.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Evers T.M. and Van der Merwe N.J. 1987. Iron Age Ceramics from Phalaborwa
  North Eastern Transvaal Lowveld South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin
  pp.87-106.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Binneman J. 1996. Preliminary report on the investigations at Kulubele
  an Early Iron Age farming settlement in the Great Kei River Valley Eastern Cape.
  South African Field Archaeology. 5 28–35.
:bibtex_type: :misc

Changelog

Imported from p3k14c via c14bazAAR

XRONOS development team 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC