Pta-2545
Radiocarbon date from
Wonderwerk,
c. 6983–6655 cal BP
Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team
Contributors: XRONOS development team
Measurement
- Age (uncal BP)
- 5970
- Error (±)
- 70
- Lab
- NA
- Method
- NA
- Sample material
- charcoal
- Sample taxon
- NA
Calibration
- Calibration curve
- SHCal20 (Hogg et al. 2020)
- Calibrated age (2σ, cal BP)
-
- 6983–6655
Context
- Site
- Wonderwerk
- Context
- Sample position
- NA
- Sample coordinates
- NA
Bibliographic references (26)
- No bibliographic information available. [Beaumont PB. 1990. Wonderwerk Cave. In Beaumont P. B. and Morris D. (eds.)Guide to Archaeological Sites in the Northern Cape Southern African Association of Archaeologists Kimberley pp. 101–134.]
- Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]
- No bibliographic information available. [ecker2017rdc]
- No bibliographic information available. [butzer1978cpe]
- No bibliographic information available. [vogel1986prd]
- No bibliographic information available. [beaumont1990w]
- No bibliographic information available. [humphreys1983ggl]
- No bibliographic information available. [leethorp2015hec]
- No bibliographic information available. [Ecker M. Brink J. Chazan M. Horwitz L.K. and Lee-Thorp J.A. 2017. Radiocarbon Dates Constrain the Timing of Environmental and Cultural Shifts in the Holocene Strata of Wonderwerk Cave South Africa.Radiocarbon pp.1-20.]
- No bibliographic information available. [SARD]
- No bibliographic information available. [Higham et al. 2015]
- No bibliographic information available. [ORAU (Archaeometry Datelist 18)]
- No bibliographic information available. [Butzer K.W. Struckenrath R. Bruzewicz A.J. Helgren D.M. 1978. Late Cenozoic paleoclimates of the Ghaap Escarpment Kalahari margin South Africa. Quaternary Research 10 310–339.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117]
- No bibliographic information available. [Taylor M.O.V. 1979. Wildebeestfontein: a late Iron Age site in the southeast Transvaal.Goodwin Series (3) pp.120-129.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Humphreys AJ and Thackeray AI. 1983.Ghaap and Gariep: Later Stone Age studies in the northern Cape(No. 2). South African Archaeological Society:Cape Town.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Deacon J. 1984. The Later Stone Age of Southernmost Africa (Vol. 213). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.]
- No bibliographic information available. [de Villiers H. and Wilson M.L. 1982. Human burials from Byneskranskop Bredasdorp District Cape Province South Africa. Ann SAfrMus88:205–248]
- No bibliographic information available. [Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1984. Spatial patterning of the Ceramic Later Stone Age in the northern Cape South Africa. In: Hall M. Avery G. Avery D.M. Wilson M.L. & Humphreys A.J.B. (eds) Frontiers: Southern African Archaeology Today: 80-95. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports International Series 207]
- No bibliographic information available. [Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Simmons 1991 683]
- No bibliographic information available. [Mazel A.D. 1988. Nkupe Shelter: report on excavations in the eastern Biggarsbeg Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum29(2) pp.321-377.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Lee-Thorp J.A. and Ecker M. 2015. Holocene environmental change at wonderwerk cave South Africa: Insights from stable light isotopes in ostrich eggshell.African Archaeological Review32(4) pp.793-811.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Sealy J. Ludwig B. and Henderson Z. 2006. New radiocarbon dates for Matjes River rock shelter.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.98-101.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Döckel W. 1998.Re-investigation of the Matjes River rock shelter(Masters dissertation Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University).]
@misc{Beaumont PB. 1990. Wonderwerk Cave. In Beaumont P. B. and Morris D. (eds.)Guide to Archaeological Sites in the Northern Cape Southern African Association of Archaeologists Kimberley pp. 101–134.,
}
@article{p3k14c,
title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
year = {2022},
month = {jan},
journal = {Scientific Data},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {27},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2052-4463},
doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
langid = {english},
keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
month_numeric = {1}
}
@misc{ecker2017rdc,
}
@misc{butzer1978cpe,
}
@misc{vogel1986prd,
}
@misc{beaumont1990w,
}
@misc{humphreys1983ggl,
}
@misc{leethorp2015hec,
}
@misc{Ecker M. Brink J. Chazan M. Horwitz L.K. and Lee-Thorp J.A. 2017. Radiocarbon Dates Constrain the Timing of Environmental and Cultural Shifts in the Holocene Strata of Wonderwerk Cave South Africa.Radiocarbon pp.1-20.,
}
@misc{SARD,
}
@misc{Higham et al. 2015,
}
@misc{ORAU (Archaeometry Datelist 18),
}
@misc{Butzer K.W. Struckenrath R. Bruzewicz A.J. Helgren D.M. 1978. Late Cenozoic paleoclimates of the Ghaap Escarpment Kalahari margin South Africa. Quaternary Research 10 310–339.,
}
@misc{Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117,
}
@misc{Taylor M.O.V. 1979. Wildebeestfontein: a late Iron Age site in the southeast Transvaal.Goodwin Series (3) pp.120-129.,
}
@misc{Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.,
}
@misc{Humphreys AJ and Thackeray AI. 1983.Ghaap and Gariep: Later Stone Age studies in the northern Cape(No. 2). South African Archaeological Society:Cape Town.,
}
@misc{Deacon J. 1984. The Later Stone Age of Southernmost Africa (Vol. 213). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.,
}
@misc{de Villiers H. and Wilson M.L. 1982. Human burials from Byneskranskop Bredasdorp District Cape Province South Africa. Ann SAfrMus88:205–248,
}
@misc{Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1984. Spatial patterning of the Ceramic Later Stone Age in the northern Cape South Africa. In: Hall M. Avery G. Avery D.M. Wilson M.L. & Humphreys A.J.B. (eds) Frontiers: Southern African Archaeology Today: 80-95. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports International Series 207,
}
@misc{Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.,
}
@misc{Simmons 1991 683,
}
@misc{Mazel A.D. 1988. Nkupe Shelter: report on excavations in the eastern Biggarsbeg Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum29(2) pp.321-377.,
}
@misc{Lee-Thorp J.A. and Ecker M. 2015. Holocene environmental change at wonderwerk cave South Africa: Insights from stable light isotopes in ostrich eggshell.African Archaeological Review32(4) pp.793-811.,
}
@misc{Sealy J. Ludwig B. and Henderson Z. 2006. New radiocarbon dates for Matjes River rock shelter.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.98-101.,
}
@misc{Döckel W. 1998.Re-investigation of the Matjes River rock shelter(Masters dissertation Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University).,
}
{"bibtex_key":"Beaumont PB. 1990. Wonderwerk Cave. In Beaumont P. B. and Morris D. (eds.)Guide to Archaeological Sites in the Northern Cape Southern African Association of Archaeologists Kimberley pp. 101–134.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]{"bibtex_key":"ecker2017rdc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"butzer1978cpe","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"vogel1986prd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"beaumont1990w","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"humphreys1983ggl","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"leethorp2015hec","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Ecker M. Brink J. Chazan M. Horwitz L.K. and Lee-Thorp J.A. 2017. Radiocarbon Dates Constrain the Timing of Environmental and Cultural Shifts in the Holocene Strata of Wonderwerk Cave South Africa.Radiocarbon pp.1-20.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Higham et al. 2015","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"ORAU (Archaeometry Datelist 18)","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Butzer K.W. Struckenrath R. Bruzewicz A.J. Helgren D.M. 1978. Late Cenozoic paleoclimates of the Ghaap Escarpment Kalahari margin South Africa. Quaternary Research 10 310–339.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Taylor M.O.V. 1979. Wildebeestfontein: a late Iron Age site in the southeast Transvaal.Goodwin Series (3) pp.120-129.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Humphreys AJ and Thackeray AI. 1983.Ghaap and Gariep: Later Stone Age studies in the northern Cape(No. 2). South African Archaeological Society:Cape Town.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Deacon J. 1984. The Later Stone Age of Southernmost Africa (Vol. 213). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"de Villiers H. and Wilson M.L. 1982. Human burials from Byneskranskop Bredasdorp District Cape Province South Africa. Ann SAfrMus88:205–248","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1984. Spatial patterning of the Ceramic Later Stone Age in the northern Cape South Africa. In: Hall M. Avery G. Avery D.M. Wilson M.L. & Humphreys A.J.B. (eds) Frontiers: Southern African Archaeology Today: 80-95. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports International Series 207","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Simmons 1991 683","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mazel A.D. 1988. Nkupe Shelter: report on excavations in the eastern Biggarsbeg Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum29(2) pp.321-377.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lee-Thorp J.A. and Ecker M. 2015. Holocene environmental change at wonderwerk cave South Africa: Insights from stable light isotopes in ostrich eggshell.African Archaeological Review32(4) pp.793-811.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sealy J. Ludwig B. and Henderson Z. 2006. New radiocarbon dates for Matjes River rock shelter.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.98-101.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Döckel W. 1998.Re-investigation of the Matjes River rock shelter(Masters dissertation Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University).","bibtex_type":"misc"}
---
:bibtex_key: Beaumont PB. 1990. Wonderwerk Cave. In Beaumont P. B. and Morris D. (eds.)Guide
to Archaeological Sites in the Northern Cape Southern African Association of Archaeologists
Kimberley pp. 101–134.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
:bibtex_type: :article
:title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
:author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
Jacob}"
:year: "{2022}"
:month: "{jan}"
:journal: "{Scientific Data}"
:volume: "{9}"
:number: "{1}"
:pages: "{27}"
:publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
:issn: "{2052-4463}"
:doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
:abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
:copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
:langid: "{english}"
:keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
:month_numeric: "{1}"
---
:bibtex_key: ecker2017rdc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: butzer1978cpe
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: vogel1986prd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: beaumont1990w
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: humphreys1983ggl
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: leethorp2015hec
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Ecker M. Brink J. Chazan M. Horwitz L.K. and Lee-Thorp J.A. 2017. Radiocarbon
Dates Constrain the Timing of Environmental and Cultural Shifts in the Holocene
Strata of Wonderwerk Cave South Africa.Radiocarbon pp.1-20.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Higham et al. 2015
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: ORAU (Archaeometry Datelist 18)
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Butzer K.W. Struckenrath R. Bruzewicz A.J. Helgren D.M. 1978. Late Cenozoic
paleoclimates of the Ghaap Escarpment Kalahari margin South Africa. Quaternary Research
10 310–339.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III.
Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Taylor M.O.V. 1979. Wildebeestfontein: a late Iron Age site in the southeast
Transvaal.Goodwin Series (3) pp.120-129.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its
foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Humphreys AJ and Thackeray AI. 1983.Ghaap and Gariep: Later Stone Age
studies in the northern Cape(No. 2). South African Archaeological Society:Cape Town.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Deacon J. 1984. The Later Stone Age of Southernmost Africa (Vol. 213).
British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: de Villiers H. and Wilson M.L. 1982. Human burials from Byneskranskop
Bredasdorp District Cape Province South Africa. Ann SAfrMus88:205–248
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1984. Spatial patterning of the Ceramic Later
Stone Age in the northern Cape South Africa. In: Hall M. Avery G. Avery D.M. Wilson
M.L. & Humphreys A.J.B. (eds) Frontiers: Southern African Archaeology Today: 80-95.
Oxford: British Archaeological Reports International Series 207'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock
art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Simmons 1991 683
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mazel A.D. 1988. Nkupe Shelter: report on excavations in the eastern
Biggarsbeg Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum29(2) pp.321-377.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Lee-Thorp J.A. and Ecker M. 2015. Holocene environmental change at wonderwerk
cave South Africa: Insights from stable light isotopes in ostrich eggshell.African
Archaeological Review32(4) pp.793-811.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Sealy J. Ludwig B. and Henderson Z. 2006. New radiocarbon dates for Matjes
River rock shelter.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.98-101.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Döckel W. 1998.Re-investigation of the Matjes River rock shelter(Masters
dissertation Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University).'
:bibtex_type: :misc