GifA-13006/SacA-31988
Radiocarbon date from
Elands Bay Cave,
c. 22921–22495 cal BP
Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team
Contributors: XRONOS development team
Measurement
- Age (uncal BP)
- 18780
- Error (±)
- 90
- Lab
- NA
- Method
- NA
- Sample material
- charcoal
- Sample taxon
- NA
Calibration
- Calibration curve
- SHCal20 (Hogg et al. 2020)
- Calibrated age (2σ, cal BP)
-
- 22921–22495
Context
- Site
- Elands Bay Cave
- Context
- Sample position
- NA
- Sample coordinates
- NA
Bibliographic references
(28)
- No bibliographic information available. [Tribolo C. Mercier N. Valladas H. Lefrais Y. Miller C.E. Parkington J.E. and Porraz G. 2016. Chronology of the Pleistocene deposits at Elands Bay Cave (South Africa) based on charcoals burnt lithics and sedimentary quartz and feldspar grains.Southern African Humanities29 pp.129-52.]
- Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]
- No bibliographic information available. [parkington1992mss]
- No bibliographic information available. [tribolo2016cpd]
- No bibliographic information available. [orton2006lsl]
- No bibliographic information available. [fairhall1976uwd]
- No bibliographic information available. [Parkington J. 1992. Making sense of sequence at the Elands Bay cave western Cape South Africa.Guide to archaeological sites in the south-western Cape6 p.12.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Bárcena et al. 1985]
- No bibliographic information available. [Blake 1983; Hutchinson 1992]
- No bibliographic information available. [Quiles A. 2014. Radiocarbon 56: 833-850. Faigenbaum-Golovin S. 2016. PNAS 113: 4670-4675.]
- No bibliographic information available. [SARD]
- No bibliographic information available. [Kaplan J. 1990. The Umhlatuzana rock shelter sequence: 100 000 years of Stone Age history.Southern African Humanities2(11) pp.1-94.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394]
- No bibliographic information available. [Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Humphreys AJ and Thackeray AI. 1983.Ghaap and Gariep: Later Stone Age studies in the northern Cape(No. 2). South African Archaeological Society:Cape Town.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80]
- No bibliographic information available. [Orton J. 2006. The Later Stone Age lithic sequence at Elands Bay Western Cape South Africa: raw materials artefacts and sporadic change.Southern African Humanities18(2) pp.1-28.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Morris AG. 1992. The skeletons of contact. A study of protohistoric burials from the lower Orange River valley South Africa. Witwatersrand University Press: Johannesburg]
- No bibliographic information available. [Hall M. 1980. Enkwazini an Iron Age site on the Zululand coast.Annals of the Natal Museum24(1) pp.97-109.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Mazel A.D. 1993. KwaThwaleyakhe Shelter: the excavation of mid and late Holocene deposits in the central Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Southern African Humanities5(10) pp.1-36.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2) pp.84-94.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Deacon H.J. 1976.Where hunters gathered: a study of Holocene Stone Age people in the eastern Cape(No. 1). South African Archaeological Society.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Wadley L. 1991. Rose Cottage Cave: background and a preliminary report on the recent excavations.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.125-130.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Lee-Thorp J.A. and Ecker M. 2015. Holocene environmental change at wonderwerk cave South Africa: Insights from stable light isotopes in ostrich eggshell.African Archaeological Review32(4) pp.793-811.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Sadr K. Smith A. Plug I. Orton J. and Mütti B. 2003. Herders and foragers on Kasteelberg: interim report of excavations 1999-2002.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.27-32.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Fairhall A Young A and Erickson J. 1976. University of Washington Dates IV. Radiocarbon 18:221–239.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Grabert 1974; Lyman 2001]
@misc{Tribolo C. Mercier N. Valladas H. Lefrais Y. Miller C.E. Parkington J.E. and Porraz G. 2016. Chronology of the Pleistocene deposits at Elands Bay Cave (South Africa) based on charcoals burnt lithics and sedimentary quartz and feldspar grains.Southern African Humanities29 pp.129-52.,
}
@article{p3k14c,
title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
year = {2022},
month = {jan},
journal = {Scientific Data},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {27},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2052-4463},
doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
langid = {english},
keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
month_numeric = {1}
}
@misc{parkington1992mss,
}
@misc{tribolo2016cpd,
}
@misc{orton2006lsl,
}
@misc{fairhall1976uwd,
}
@misc{Parkington J. 1992. Making sense of sequence at the Elands Bay cave western Cape South Africa.Guide to archaeological sites in the south-western Cape6 p.12.,
}
@misc{Bárcena et al. 1985,
}
@misc{Blake 1983; Hutchinson 1992,
}
@misc{Quiles A. 2014. Radiocarbon 56: 833-850. Faigenbaum-Golovin S. 2016. PNAS 113: 4670-4675.,
}
@misc{SARD,
}
@misc{Kaplan J. 1990. The Umhlatuzana rock shelter sequence: 100 000 years of Stone Age history.Southern African Humanities2(11) pp.1-94.,
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394,
}
@misc{Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.,
}
@misc{Humphreys AJ and Thackeray AI. 1983.Ghaap and Gariep: Later Stone Age studies in the northern Cape(No. 2). South African Archaeological Society:Cape Town.,
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80,
}
@misc{Orton J. 2006. The Later Stone Age lithic sequence at Elands Bay Western Cape South Africa: raw materials artefacts and sporadic change.Southern African Humanities18(2) pp.1-28.,
}
@misc{Morris AG. 1992. The skeletons of contact. A study of protohistoric burials from the lower Orange River valley South Africa. Witwatersrand University Press: Johannesburg,
}
@misc{Hall M. 1980. Enkwazini an Iron Age site on the Zululand coast.Annals of the Natal Museum24(1) pp.97-109.,
}
@misc{Mazel A.D. 1993. KwaThwaleyakhe Shelter: the excavation of mid and late Holocene deposits in the central Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Southern African Humanities5(10) pp.1-36.,
}
@misc{Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2) pp.84-94.,
}
@misc{Deacon H.J. 1976.Where hunters gathered: a study of Holocene Stone Age people in the eastern Cape(No. 1). South African Archaeological Society.,
}
@misc{Wadley L. 1991. Rose Cottage Cave: background and a preliminary report on the recent excavations.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.125-130.,
}
@misc{Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).,
}
@misc{Lee-Thorp J.A. and Ecker M. 2015. Holocene environmental change at wonderwerk cave South Africa: Insights from stable light isotopes in ostrich eggshell.African Archaeological Review32(4) pp.793-811.,
}
@misc{Sadr K. Smith A. Plug I. Orton J. and Mütti B. 2003. Herders and foragers on Kasteelberg: interim report of excavations 1999-2002.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.27-32.,
}
@misc{Fairhall A Young A and Erickson J. 1976. University of Washington Dates IV. Radiocarbon 18:221–239.,
}
@misc{Grabert 1974; Lyman 2001,
}
{"bibtex_key":"Tribolo C. Mercier N. Valladas H. Lefrais Y. Miller C.E. Parkington J.E. and Porraz G. 2016. Chronology of the Pleistocene deposits at Elands Bay Cave (South Africa) based on charcoals burnt lithics and sedimentary quartz and feldspar grains.Southern African Humanities29 pp.129-52.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]{"bibtex_key":"parkington1992mss","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"tribolo2016cpd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"orton2006lsl","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"fairhall1976uwd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Parkington J. 1992. Making sense of sequence at the Elands Bay cave western Cape South Africa.Guide to archaeological sites in the south-western Cape6 p.12.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bárcena et al. 1985","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Blake 1983; Hutchinson 1992","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Quiles A. 2014. Radiocarbon 56: 833-850. Faigenbaum-Golovin S. 2016. PNAS 113: 4670-4675.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kaplan J. 1990. The Umhlatuzana rock shelter sequence: 100 000 years of Stone Age history.Southern African Humanities2(11) pp.1-94.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Humphreys AJ and Thackeray AI. 1983.Ghaap and Gariep: Later Stone Age studies in the northern Cape(No. 2). South African Archaeological Society:Cape Town.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Orton J. 2006. The Later Stone Age lithic sequence at Elands Bay Western Cape South Africa: raw materials artefacts and sporadic change.Southern African Humanities18(2) pp.1-28.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Morris AG. 1992. The skeletons of contact. A study of protohistoric burials from the lower Orange River valley South Africa. Witwatersrand University Press: Johannesburg","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Hall M. 1980. Enkwazini an Iron Age site on the Zululand coast.Annals of the Natal Museum24(1) pp.97-109.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mazel A.D. 1993. KwaThwaleyakhe Shelter: the excavation of mid and late Holocene deposits in the central Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Southern African Humanities5(10) pp.1-36.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2) pp.84-94.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Deacon H.J. 1976.Where hunters gathered: a study of Holocene Stone Age people in the eastern Cape(No. 1). South African Archaeological Society.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wadley L. 1991. Rose Cottage Cave: background and a preliminary report on the recent excavations.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.125-130.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lee-Thorp J.A. and Ecker M. 2015. Holocene environmental change at wonderwerk cave South Africa: Insights from stable light isotopes in ostrich eggshell.African Archaeological Review32(4) pp.793-811.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sadr K. Smith A. Plug I. Orton J. and Mütti B. 2003. Herders and foragers on Kasteelberg: interim report of excavations 1999-2002.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.27-32.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Fairhall A Young A and Erickson J. 1976. University of Washington Dates IV. Radiocarbon 18:221–239.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Grabert 1974; Lyman 2001","bibtex_type":"misc"}---
:bibtex_key: Tribolo C. Mercier N. Valladas H. Lefrais Y. Miller C.E. Parkington J.E.
and Porraz G. 2016. Chronology of the Pleistocene deposits at Elands Bay Cave (South
Africa) based on charcoals burnt lithics and sedimentary quartz and feldspar grains.Southern
African Humanities29 pp.129-52.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
:bibtex_type: :article
:title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
:author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
Jacob}"
:year: "{2022}"
:month: "{jan}"
:journal: "{Scientific Data}"
:volume: "{9}"
:number: "{1}"
:pages: "{27}"
:publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
:issn: "{2052-4463}"
:doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
:abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
:copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
:langid: "{english}"
:keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
:month_numeric: "{1}"
---
:bibtex_key: parkington1992mss
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: tribolo2016cpd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: orton2006lsl
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: fairhall1976uwd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Parkington J. 1992. Making sense of sequence at the Elands Bay cave western
Cape South Africa.Guide to archaeological sites in the south-western Cape6 p.12.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bárcena et al. 1985
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Blake 1983; Hutchinson 1992
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Quiles A. 2014. Radiocarbon 56: 833-850. Faigenbaum-Golovin S. 2016.
PNAS 113: 4670-4675.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Kaplan J. 1990. The Umhlatuzana rock shelter sequence: 100 000 years
of Stone Age history.Southern African Humanities2(11) pp.1-94.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon
13: 378-394'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo
Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Humphreys AJ and Thackeray AI. 1983.Ghaap and Gariep: Later Stone Age
studies in the northern Cape(No. 2). South African Archaeological Society:Cape Town.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon
23: 43-80'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Orton J. 2006. The Later Stone Age lithic sequence at Elands Bay Western
Cape South Africa: raw materials artefacts and sporadic change.Southern African
Humanities18(2) pp.1-28.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Morris AG. 1992. The skeletons of contact. A study of protohistoric
burials from the lower Orange River valley South Africa. Witwatersrand University
Press: Johannesburg'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Hall M. 1980. Enkwazini an Iron Age site on the Zululand coast.Annals
of the Natal Museum24(1) pp.97-109.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mazel A.D. 1993. KwaThwaleyakhe Shelter: the excavation of mid and late
Holocene deposits in the central Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Southern African
Humanities5(10) pp.1-36.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone
Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2)
pp.84-94.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Deacon H.J. 1976.Where hunters gathered: a study of Holocene Stone Age
people in the eastern Cape(No. 1). South African Archaeological Society.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Wadley L. 1991. Rose Cottage Cave: background and a preliminary report
on the recent excavations.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.125-130.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast
of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of
Cape Town).
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Lee-Thorp J.A. and Ecker M. 2015. Holocene environmental change at wonderwerk
cave South Africa: Insights from stable light isotopes in ostrich eggshell.African
Archaeological Review32(4) pp.793-811.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Sadr K. Smith A. Plug I. Orton J. and Mütti B. 2003. Herders and foragers
on Kasteelberg: interim report of excavations 1999-2002.The South African Archaeological
Bulletin pp.27-32.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Fairhall A Young A and Erickson J. 1976. University of Washington Dates
IV. Radiocarbon 18:221–239.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Grabert 1974; Lyman 2001
:bibtex_type: :misc