DEM-1123

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon date from Theopetra Cave, c. 49956–44345 cal BP
Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team

Measurement

Age (uncal BP)
44369
Error (±)
1539
Lab
NA
Method
NA
Sample material
charcoal
Sample taxon
NA

Calibration

Calibration curve
IntCal20 (Reimer et al. 2020)
Calibrated age (2σ, cal BP)
  • 49956–44345

Context

Site
Theopetra Cave
Context
Sample position
NA
Sample coordinates
NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references (21) 

@misc{Kozlowski J. 2000 In: Bar-Yosef & Pilbeam The Geography of Neandertals and Modern Humans in Europe n Peabody Museum Bulletin 8: 77-106 Facorellis 2001. Radiocarbon 43: 1037. Facorellis Y.  2013. Radiocarbon 55: 1432-1442.,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@misc{Facorellis et al. 2001, 1029-1048,
  
}
@misc{Facorellis 2003,
  
}
@misc{Gehlen 2010,
  
}
@misc{Facorellis et al. 2001, 1029-1084,
  
}
@misc{Reingruber and Thissen 2005,
  
}
@misc{Facorellis 2013,
  
}
@misc{Facorellis et al RC 43 Nr 2B 2001 1029-1048. Facorellis Y.  2013. Radiocarbon 55: 1432-1442.,
  
}
@misc{Facorellis et al. 2001 1029-1048,
  
}
@article{Vermeersch2020,
  title = {Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included},
  author = {Vermeersch, Pierre M},
  year = {2020},
  month = {aug},
  journal = {Data Brief},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {105793},
  issn = {2352-3409},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793},
  abstract = {At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.},
  month_numeric = {8}
}
@misc{Facorellis et al. 2001: 1034–7,
  
}
@misc{Facorellis et al. 2001 1029-1084,
  
}
@misc{Maniatis 2014: 207f,
  
}
@misc{Kyparissi in press. Karkanas P. 2001. Geoarchaeology 16: 373-399. Facorellis 2001. Radiocarbon 43: 1037. Facorellis Y.  2013. Radiocarbon 55: 1432-1442.,
  
}
@misc{Facorellis 2001. Radiocarbon 43: 1037. Facorellis Y.  2013. Radiocarbon 55: 1432-1442.,
  
}
@misc{Bonsall et al. 2007,
  
}
@misc{Ramsey C.B. Higham T.F.G. Owen D.C. Pike A.W.G. and Hedges R.E.M. 2002. Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry datelist 31.Archaeometry44(s1) pp.1-150.,
  
}
@misc{Karkanas P. 2001. Geoarchaeology 16: 373-399. Galanidou  2000. Antiquity. Adam 2007 Paleo. Facorellis Y.  2013. Radiocarbon 55: 1432-1442.,
  
}
@misc{Karkanas P. 2001. Geoarchaeology 16: 373-399..Facorellis Y. 2001. Radiocarbon 43: 1036.,
  
}
@misc{Lee Sep 2010,
  
}

{"bibtex_key":"Kozlowski J. 2000 In: Bar-Yosef & Pilbeam The Geography of Neandertals and Modern Humans in Europe n Peabody Museum Bulletin 8: 77-106 Facorellis 2001. Radiocarbon 43: 1037. Facorellis Y.  2013. Radiocarbon 55: 1432-1442.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Facorellis et al. 2001, 1029-1048","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Facorellis 2003","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gehlen 2010","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Facorellis et al. 2001, 1029-1084","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Reingruber and Thissen 2005","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Facorellis 2013","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Facorellis et al RC 43 Nr 2B 2001 1029-1048. Facorellis Y.  2013. Radiocarbon 55: 1432-1442.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Facorellis et al. 2001 1029-1048","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"Vermeersch2020","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}","author":"{Vermeersch, Pierre M}","year":"{2020}","month":"{aug}","journal":"{Data Brief}","volume":"{31}","pages":"{105793}","issn":"{2352-3409}","doi":"{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}","abstract":"{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a \"cultural\" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in \"My Places\". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.}","month_numeric":"{8}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Facorellis et al. 2001: 1034–7","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Facorellis et al. 2001 1029-1084","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Maniatis 2014: 207f","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kyparissi in press. Karkanas P. 2001. Geoarchaeology 16: 373-399. Facorellis 2001. Radiocarbon 43: 1037. Facorellis Y.  2013. Radiocarbon 55: 1432-1442.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Facorellis 2001. Radiocarbon 43: 1037. Facorellis Y.  2013. Radiocarbon 55: 1432-1442.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bonsall et al. 2007","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Ramsey C.B. Higham T.F.G. Owen D.C. Pike A.W.G. and Hedges R.E.M. 2002. Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry datelist 31.Archaeometry44(s1) pp.1-150.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Karkanas P. 2001. Geoarchaeology 16: 373-399. Galanidou  2000. Antiquity. Adam 2007 Paleo. Facorellis Y.  2013. Radiocarbon 55: 1432-1442.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Karkanas P. 2001. Geoarchaeology 16: 373-399..Facorellis Y. 2001. Radiocarbon 43: 1036.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lee Sep 2010","bibtex_type":"misc"}
---
:bibtex_key: 'Kozlowski J. 2000 In: Bar-Yosef & Pilbeam The Geography of Neandertals
  and Modern Humans in Europe n Peabody Museum Bulletin 8: 77-106 Facorellis 2001.
  Radiocarbon 43: 1037. Facorellis Y.  2013. Radiocarbon 55: 1432-1442.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
:bibtex_key: Facorellis et al. 2001, 1029-1048
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Facorellis 2003
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Gehlen 2010
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Facorellis et al. 2001, 1029-1084
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Reingruber and Thissen 2005
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Facorellis 2013
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Facorellis et al RC 43 Nr 2B 2001 1029-1048. Facorellis Y.  2013. Radiocarbon
  55: 1432-1442.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Facorellis et al. 2001 1029-1048
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: Vermeersch2020
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset
    of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}"
  :author: "{Vermeersch, Pierre M}"
  :year: "{2020}"
  :month: "{aug}"
  :journal: "{Data Brief}"
  :volume: "{31}"
  :pages: "{105793}"
  :issn: "{2352-3409}"
  :doi: "{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}"
  :abstract: '{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late
    Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations,
    was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie
    humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation
    of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes
    Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental
    conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites
    with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available
    radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We
    try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind
    of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated
    with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian
    Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates
    are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic,
    sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database.
    For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft
    Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites
    with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is
    available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file
    open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version
    27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most
    of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data:
    Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U
    and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates
    are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version
    26.}'
  :month_numeric: "{8}"
---
:bibtex_key: 'Facorellis et al. 2001: 1034–7'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Facorellis et al. 2001 1029-1084
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Maniatis 2014: 207f'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Kyparissi in press. Karkanas P. 2001. Geoarchaeology 16: 373-399. Facorellis
  2001. Radiocarbon 43: 1037. Facorellis Y.  2013. Radiocarbon 55: 1432-1442.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Facorellis 2001. Radiocarbon 43: 1037. Facorellis Y.  2013. Radiocarbon
  55: 1432-1442.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bonsall et al. 2007
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Ramsey C.B. Higham T.F.G. Owen D.C. Pike A.W.G. and Hedges R.E.M. 2002.
  Radiocarbon dates from the Oxford AMS system: Archaeometry datelist 31.Archaeometry44(s1)
  pp.1-150.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Karkanas P. 2001. Geoarchaeology 16: 373-399. Galanidou  2000. Antiquity.
  Adam 2007 Paleo. Facorellis Y.  2013. Radiocarbon 55: 1432-1442.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Karkanas P. 2001. Geoarchaeology 16: 373-399..Facorellis Y. 2001. Radiocarbon
  43: 1036.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lee Sep 2010
:bibtex_type: :misc

Changelog