ANUA-17306
Radiocarbon date from
Border Cave,
c. 52980–48178 cal BP
Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC.
See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team
Contributors: XRONOS development team
Measurement
- Age (uncal BP)
- 48030
- Error (±)
- 1360
- Lab
- NA
- Method
- NA
- Sample material
- charcoal
- Sample taxon
- NA
Calibration
- Calibration curve
- SHCal20 (Hogg et al. 2020)
- Calibrated age (2σ, cal BP)
-
- 50252–53135
- 52980–48178
Context
- Site
- Border Cave
- Context
- Sample position
- NA
- Sample coordinates
- NA
Bibliographic references
(33)
- No bibliographic information available. [Villa P. Soriano S. Tsanova T. Degano I. Higham T.F. d’Errico F. Backwell L. Lucejko J.J. Colombini M.P. and Beaumont P.B. 2012. Border cave and the beginning of the later stone age in South Africa.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences109(33) pp.13208-13213.]
- Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]
- No bibliographic information available. [villa2012bbl]
- No bibliographic information available. [vogel1986prd]
- No bibliographic information available. [morris1992scs]
- No bibliographic information available. [beaumont1978b]
- No bibliographic information available. [vogel1972rrc]
- No bibliographic information available. [vogel1972rrc; vogel1986prd]
- No bibliographic information available. [beaumont1972rca]
- No bibliographic information available. [wadley1993pls]
- No bibliographic information available. [Benz 2012]
- No bibliographic information available. [Gimbutas et al. 1989: 24f. Linick 1977: 23ff.]
- No bibliographic information available. [SARD]
- No bibliographic information available. [Higham et al. 2015]
- No bibliographic information available. [Oxford Egypt Database May 2015]
- No bibliographic information available. [Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Lovell 2001]
- No bibliographic information available. [Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Kaplan J. 1990. The Umhlatuzana rock shelter sequence: 100 000 years of Stone Age history.Southern African Humanities2(11) pp.1-94.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Patrick M.K. 1989.An archaeological anthropological study of the human skeletal remains from the Oakhurst Rockshelter George Cape Province Southern Africa(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).]
- No bibliographic information available. [WadleyL. 1993.The Pleistocene Later Stone Age south of the Limpopo River.Journal of World Prehistory 7:243–296.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Pfeiffer S. Sealy J. Harrington L. Loftus E. and Maggs T. 2020. A Late Holocene community burial area: Evidence of diverse mortuary practices in the Western Cape South Africa.Plos one15(4) p.e0230391.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Mazel A.D. 1990. Mhlwazini Cave: the excavation of late Holocene deposits in the northern Natal Drakensberg Natal South Africa.Southern African Humanities2(11) pp.95-133.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117]
- No bibliographic information available. [Goring-Morris and Cohern 2005]
- No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80]
- No bibliographic information available. [Parkington J. Fisher Jr J.W. and Tonner T.W. 2009. The fires are constant the shelters are whims: A feature map of Later Stone Age campsites at the Dunefield Midden site Western Cape province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.104-121.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Boeyens J.C.A. and Plug I. 2011. 'A chief is like an ash-heap on which is gathered all the refuse': the faunal remains from the central court midden at Kaditshwene.Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History1(1) pp.1-22.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Humphreys A.J.B. 1973. A report on excavations carried out on a Type R settlement unit (Khartoum 1) in the Jacobsdal district.Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums (Natural History)9(8) pp.123-57.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Mazel A.D. 1999. iNkolimahashi Shelter: the excavation of Later Stone Age rock shelter deposits in the central Thukela Basin KwaZulu-Natal South Africa.Southern African Humanities11(12) pp.1-21.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Wadley L. 2001. Who Lived in Mauermanshoek Shelter Korannaberg South Africaà.African Archaeological Review18(3) pp.153-179.]
- No bibliographic information available. [Van Doornum B. 2007. Tshisiku Shelter and the Shashe-Limpopo confluence area hunter-gatherer sequence.Southern African Humanities19(1) pp.17-67.]
@misc{Villa P. Soriano S. Tsanova T. Degano I. Higham T.F. d’Errico F. Backwell L. Lucejko J.J. Colombini M.P. and Beaumont P.B. 2012. Border cave and the beginning of the later stone age in South Africa.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences109(33) pp.13208-13213.,
}
@article{p3k14c,
title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
year = {2022},
month = {jan},
journal = {Scientific Data},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {27},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2052-4463},
doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
langid = {english},
keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
month_numeric = {1}
}
@misc{villa2012bbl,
}
@misc{vogel1986prd,
}
@misc{morris1992scs,
}
@misc{beaumont1978b,
}
@misc{vogel1972rrc,
}
@misc{vogel1972rrc; vogel1986prd,
}
@misc{beaumont1972rca,
}
@misc{wadley1993pls,
}
@misc{Benz 2012,
}
@misc{Gimbutas et al. 1989: 24f. Linick 1977: 23ff.,
}
@misc{SARD,
}
@misc{Higham et al. 2015,
}
@misc{Oxford Egypt Database May 2015,
}
@misc{Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.,
}
@misc{Lovell 2001,
}
@misc{Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.,
}
@misc{Kaplan J. 1990. The Umhlatuzana rock shelter sequence: 100 000 years of Stone Age history.Southern African Humanities2(11) pp.1-94.,
}
@misc{Patrick M.K. 1989.An archaeological anthropological study of the human skeletal remains from the Oakhurst Rockshelter George Cape Province Southern Africa(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).,
}
@misc{WadleyL. 1993.The Pleistocene Later Stone Age south of the Limpopo River.Journal of World Prehistory 7:243–296.,
}
@misc{Pfeiffer S. Sealy J. Harrington L. Loftus E. and Maggs T. 2020. A Late Holocene community burial area: Evidence of diverse mortuary practices in the Western Cape South Africa.Plos one15(4) p.e0230391.,
}
@misc{Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press.,
}
@misc{Mazel A.D. 1990. Mhlwazini Cave: the excavation of late Holocene deposits in the northern Natal Drakensberg Natal South Africa.Southern African Humanities2(11) pp.95-133.,
}
@misc{Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117,
}
@misc{Goring-Morris and Cohern 2005,
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80,
}
@misc{Parkington J. Fisher Jr J.W. and Tonner T.W. 2009. The fires are constant the shelters are whims: A feature map of Later Stone Age campsites at the Dunefield Midden site Western Cape province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.104-121.,
}
@misc{Boeyens J.C.A. and Plug I. 2011. 'A chief is like an ash-heap on which is gathered all the refuse': the faunal remains from the central court midden at Kaditshwene.Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History1(1) pp.1-22.,
}
@misc{Humphreys A.J.B. 1973. A report on excavations carried out on a Type R settlement unit (Khartoum 1) in the Jacobsdal district.Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums (Natural History)9(8) pp.123-57.,
}
@misc{Mazel A.D. 1999. iNkolimahashi Shelter: the excavation of Later Stone Age rock shelter deposits in the central Thukela Basin KwaZulu-Natal South Africa.Southern African Humanities11(12) pp.1-21.,
}
@misc{Wadley L. 2001. Who Lived in Mauermanshoek Shelter Korannaberg South Africaà.African Archaeological Review18(3) pp.153-179.,
}
@misc{Van Doornum B. 2007. Tshisiku Shelter and the Shashe-Limpopo confluence area hunter-gatherer sequence.Southern African Humanities19(1) pp.17-67.,
}
{"bibtex_key":"Villa P. Soriano S. Tsanova T. Degano I. Higham T.F. d’Errico F. Backwell L. Lucejko J.J. Colombini M.P. and Beaumont P.B. 2012. Border cave and the beginning of the later stone age in South Africa.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences109(33) pp.13208-13213.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]{"bibtex_key":"villa2012bbl","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"vogel1986prd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"morris1992scs","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"beaumont1978b","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"vogel1972rrc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"vogel1972rrc; vogel1986prd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"beaumont1972rca","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"wadley1993pls","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Benz 2012","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gimbutas et al. 1989: 24f. Linick 1977: 23ff.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Higham et al. 2015","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Oxford Egypt Database May 2015","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lovell 2001","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kaplan J. 1990. The Umhlatuzana rock shelter sequence: 100 000 years of Stone Age history.Southern African Humanities2(11) pp.1-94.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Patrick M.K. 1989.An archaeological anthropological study of the human skeletal remains from the Oakhurst Rockshelter George Cape Province Southern Africa(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"WadleyL. 1993.The Pleistocene Later Stone Age south of the Limpopo River.Journal of World Prehistory 7:243–296.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Pfeiffer S. Sealy J. Harrington L. Loftus E. and Maggs T. 2020. A Late Holocene community burial area: Evidence of diverse mortuary practices in the Western Cape South Africa.Plos one15(4) p.e0230391.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mazel A.D. 1990. Mhlwazini Cave: the excavation of late Holocene deposits in the northern Natal Drakensberg Natal South Africa.Southern African Humanities2(11) pp.95-133.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Goring-Morris and Cohern 2005","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Parkington J. Fisher Jr J.W. and Tonner T.W. 2009. The fires are constant the shelters are whims: A feature map of Later Stone Age campsites at the Dunefield Midden site Western Cape province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.104-121.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Boeyens J.C.A. and Plug I. 2011. 'A chief is like an ash-heap on which is gathered all the refuse': the faunal remains from the central court midden at Kaditshwene.Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History1(1) pp.1-22.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Humphreys A.J.B. 1973. A report on excavations carried out on a Type R settlement unit (Khartoum 1) in the Jacobsdal district.Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums (Natural History)9(8) pp.123-57.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mazel A.D. 1999. iNkolimahashi Shelter: the excavation of Later Stone Age rock shelter deposits in the central Thukela Basin KwaZulu-Natal South Africa.Southern African Humanities11(12) pp.1-21.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wadley L. 2001. Who Lived in Mauermanshoek Shelter Korannaberg South Africaà.African Archaeological Review18(3) pp.153-179.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Van Doornum B. 2007. Tshisiku Shelter and the Shashe-Limpopo confluence area hunter-gatherer sequence.Southern African Humanities19(1) pp.17-67.","bibtex_type":"misc"}---
:bibtex_key: Villa P. Soriano S. Tsanova T. Degano I. Higham T.F. d’Errico F. Backwell
L. Lucejko J.J. Colombini M.P. and Beaumont P.B. 2012. Border cave and the beginning
of the later stone age in South Africa.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences109(33)
pp.13208-13213.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
:bibtex_type: :article
:title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
:author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
Jacob}"
:year: "{2022}"
:month: "{jan}"
:journal: "{Scientific Data}"
:volume: "{9}"
:number: "{1}"
:pages: "{27}"
:publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
:issn: "{2052-4463}"
:doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
:abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
:copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
:langid: "{english}"
:keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
:month_numeric: "{1}"
---
:bibtex_key: villa2012bbl
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: vogel1986prd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: morris1992scs
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: beaumont1978b
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: vogel1972rrc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: vogel1972rrc; vogel1986prd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: beaumont1972rca
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: wadley1993pls
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Benz 2012
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Gimbutas et al. 1989: 24f. Linick 1977: 23ff.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Higham et al. 2015
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Oxford Egypt Database May 2015
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo
Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lovell 2001
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock
art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Kaplan J. 1990. The Umhlatuzana rock shelter sequence: 100 000 years
of Stone Age history.Southern African Humanities2(11) pp.1-94.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Patrick M.K. 1989.An archaeological anthropological study of the human
skeletal remains from the Oakhurst Rockshelter George Cape Province Southern Africa(Doctoral
dissertation University of Cape Town).
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: WadleyL. 1993.The Pleistocene Later Stone Age south of the Limpopo River.Journal
of World Prehistory 7:243–296.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Pfeiffer S. Sealy J. Harrington L. Loftus E. and Maggs T. 2020. A Late
Holocene community burial area: Evidence of diverse mortuary practices in the Western
Cape South Africa.Plos one15(4) p.e0230391.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology
of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River
Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mazel A.D. 1990. Mhlwazini Cave: the excavation of late Holocene deposits
in the northern Natal Drakensberg Natal South Africa.Southern African Humanities2(11)
pp.95-133.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III.
Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Goring-Morris and Cohern 2005
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon
23: 43-80'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Parkington J. Fisher Jr J.W. and Tonner T.W. 2009. The fires are constant
the shelters are whims: A feature map of Later Stone Age campsites at the Dunefield
Midden site Western Cape province South Africa.The South African Archaeological
Bulletin pp.104-121.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Boeyens J.C.A. and Plug I. 2011. ''A chief is like an ash-heap on which
is gathered all the refuse'': the faunal remains from the central court midden at
Kaditshwene.Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History1(1) pp.1-22.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Humphreys A.J.B. 1973. A report on excavations carried out on a Type
R settlement unit (Khartoum 1) in the Jacobsdal district.Annals of the Cape Provincial
Museums (Natural History)9(8) pp.123-57.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mazel A.D. 1999. iNkolimahashi Shelter: the excavation of Later Stone
Age rock shelter deposits in the central Thukela Basin KwaZulu-Natal South Africa.Southern
African Humanities11(12) pp.1-21.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Wadley L. 2001. Who Lived in Mauermanshoek Shelter Korannaberg South
Africaà.African Archaeological Review18(3) pp.153-179.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Van Doornum B. 2007. Tshisiku Shelter and the Shashe-Limpopo confluence
area hunter-gatherer sequence.Southern African Humanities19(1) pp.17-67.
:bibtex_type: :misc