OxA-30641

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon date from Wonderwerk
Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team

Measurement

Age (uncal BP)
5771
Error (±)
34
Lab
NA
Method
AMS
Sample material
charcoal
Sample taxon
Vitex mombassiae

Calibration

Calibration curve
IntCal20 (Reimer et al. 2020)
Calibrated age (2σ, BP)
6655 - 6492

Context

Site
Wonderwerk
Context
T25Stratum 4bI
Sample position
NA
Sample coordinates
NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references (26)

@misc{ecker2017rdc,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@misc{butzer1978cpe,
  
}
@misc{vogel1986prd,
  
}
@misc{beaumont1990w,
  
}
@misc{humphreys1983ggl,
  
}
@misc{leethorp2015hec,
  
}
@misc{Ecker M. Brink J. Chazan M. Horwitz L.K. and Lee-Thorp J.A. 2017. Radiocarbon Dates Constrain the Timing of Environmental and Cultural Shifts in the Holocene Strata of Wonderwerk Cave South Africa.Radiocarbon pp.1-20.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  
}
@misc{Higham et al. 2015,
  
}
@misc{ORAU (Archaeometry Datelist 18),
  
}
@misc{Butzer K.W. Struckenrath R. Bruzewicz A.J. Helgren D.M. 1978. Late Cenozoic paleoclimates of the Ghaap Escarpment Kalahari margin South Africa. Quaternary Research 10 310–339.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117,
  
}
@misc{Taylor M.O.V. 1979. Wildebeestfontein: a late Iron Age site in the southeast Transvaal.Goodwin Series (3) pp.120-129.,
  
}
@misc{Beaumont PB. 1990. Wonderwerk Cave. In Beaumont P. B. and Morris D. (eds.)Guide to Archaeological Sites in the Northern Cape Southern African Association of Archaeologists Kimberley pp. 101–134.,
  
}
@misc{Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.,
  
}
@misc{Humphreys AJ and Thackeray AI. 1983.Ghaap and Gariep: Later Stone Age studies in the northern Cape(No. 2). South African Archaeological Society:Cape Town.,
  
}
@misc{Deacon J. 1984. The Later Stone Age of Southernmost Africa (Vol. 213). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.,
  
}
@misc{de Villiers H. and Wilson M.L. 1982. Human burials from Byneskranskop Bredasdorp District Cape Province South Africa. Ann SAfrMus88:205–248,
  
}
@misc{Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1984. Spatial patterning of the Ceramic Later Stone Age in the northern Cape South Africa. In: Hall M. Avery G. Avery D.M. Wilson M.L. & Humphreys A.J.B. (eds) Frontiers: Southern African Archaeology Today: 80-95. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports International Series 207,
  
}
@misc{Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.,
  
}
@misc{Simmons 1991 683,
  
}
@misc{Mazel A.D. 1988. Nkupe Shelter: report on excavations in the eastern Biggarsbeg Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum29(2) pp.321-377.,
  
}
@misc{Lee-Thorp J.A. and Ecker M. 2015. Holocene environmental change at wonderwerk cave South Africa: Insights from stable light isotopes in ostrich eggshell.African Archaeological Review32(4) pp.793-811.,
  
}
@misc{Sealy J. Ludwig B. and Henderson Z. 2006. New radiocarbon dates for Matjes River rock shelter.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.98-101.,
  
}
@misc{Döckel W. 1998.Re-investigation of the Matjes River rock shelter(Masters dissertation Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University).,
  
}
{"bibtex_key":"ecker2017rdc","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}]{"bibtex_key":"butzer1978cpe","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"vogel1986prd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"beaumont1990w","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"humphreys1983ggl","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"leethorp2015hec","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Ecker M. Brink J. Chazan M. Horwitz L.K. and Lee-Thorp J.A. 2017. Radiocarbon Dates Constrain the Timing of Environmental and Cultural Shifts in the Holocene Strata of Wonderwerk Cave South Africa.Radiocarbon pp.1-20.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Higham et al. 2015","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"ORAU (Archaeometry Datelist 18)","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Butzer K.W. Struckenrath R. Bruzewicz A.J. Helgren D.M. 1978. Late Cenozoic paleoclimates of the Ghaap Escarpment Kalahari margin South Africa. Quaternary Research 10 310–339.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Taylor M.O.V. 1979. Wildebeestfontein: a late Iron Age site in the southeast Transvaal.Goodwin Series (3) pp.120-129.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Beaumont PB. 1990. Wonderwerk Cave. In Beaumont P. B. and Morris D. (eds.)Guide to Archaeological Sites in the Northern Cape Southern African Association of Archaeologists Kimberley pp. 101–134.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Humphreys AJ and Thackeray AI. 1983.Ghaap and Gariep: Later Stone Age studies in the northern Cape(No. 2). South African Archaeological Society:Cape Town.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Deacon J. 1984. The Later Stone Age of Southernmost Africa (Vol. 213). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"de Villiers H. and Wilson M.L. 1982. Human burials from Byneskranskop Bredasdorp District Cape Province South Africa. Ann SAfrMus88:205–248","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1984. Spatial patterning of the Ceramic Later Stone Age in the northern Cape South Africa. In: Hall M. Avery G. Avery D.M. Wilson M.L. & Humphreys A.J.B. (eds) Frontiers: Southern African Archaeology Today: 80-95. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports International Series 207","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Simmons 1991 683","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mazel A.D. 1988. Nkupe Shelter: report on excavations in the eastern Biggarsbeg Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum29(2) pp.321-377.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lee-Thorp J.A. and Ecker M. 2015. Holocene environmental change at wonderwerk cave South Africa: Insights from stable light isotopes in ostrich eggshell.African Archaeological Review32(4) pp.793-811.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sealy J. Ludwig B. and Henderson Z. 2006. New radiocarbon dates for Matjes River rock shelter.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.98-101.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Döckel W. 1998.Re-investigation of the Matjes River rock shelter(Masters dissertation Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University).","bibtex_type":"misc"}
---
:bibtex_key: ecker2017rdc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
:bibtex_key: butzer1978cpe
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: vogel1986prd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: beaumont1990w
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: humphreys1983ggl
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: leethorp2015hec
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Ecker M. Brink J. Chazan M. Horwitz L.K. and Lee-Thorp J.A. 2017. Radiocarbon
  Dates Constrain the Timing of Environmental and Cultural Shifts in the Holocene
  Strata of Wonderwerk Cave South Africa.Radiocarbon pp.1-20.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Higham et al. 2015
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: ORAU (Archaeometry Datelist 18)
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Butzer K.W. Struckenrath R. Bruzewicz A.J. Helgren D.M. 1978. Late Cenozoic
  paleoclimates of the Ghaap Escarpment Kalahari margin South Africa. Quaternary Research
  10 310–339.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III.
  Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Taylor M.O.V. 1979. Wildebeestfontein: a late Iron Age site in the southeast
  Transvaal.Goodwin Series (3) pp.120-129.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Beaumont PB. 1990. Wonderwerk Cave. In Beaumont P. B. and Morris D. (eds.)Guide
  to Archaeological Sites in the Northern Cape Southern African Association of Archaeologists
  Kimberley pp. 101–134.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Opperman H. 1987.The Later Stone Age of the Drakensberg range and its
  foothills(Vol. 339). British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Humphreys AJ and Thackeray AI. 1983.Ghaap and Gariep: Later Stone Age
  studies in the northern Cape(No. 2). South African Archaeological Society:Cape Town.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Deacon J. 1984. The Later Stone Age of Southernmost Africa (Vol. 213).
  British Archaeological Reports: Oxford.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: de Villiers H. and Wilson M.L. 1982. Human burials from Byneskranskop
  Bredasdorp District Cape Province South Africa. Ann SAfrMus88:205–248
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1984. Spatial patterning of the Ceramic Later
  Stone Age in the northern Cape South Africa. In: Hall M. Avery G. Avery D.M. Wilson
  M.L. & Humphreys A.J.B. (eds) Frontiers: Southern African Archaeology Today: 80-95.
  Oxford: British Archaeological Reports International Series 207'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock
  art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Simmons 1991 683
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mazel A.D. 1988. Nkupe Shelter: report on excavations in the eastern
  Biggarsbeg Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Annals of the Natal Museum29(2) pp.321-377.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Lee-Thorp J.A. and Ecker M. 2015. Holocene environmental change at wonderwerk
  cave South Africa: Insights from stable light isotopes in ostrich eggshell.African
  Archaeological Review32(4) pp.793-811.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Sealy J. Ludwig B. and Henderson Z. 2006. New radiocarbon dates for Matjes
  River rock shelter.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.98-101.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Döckel W. 1998.Re-investigation of the Matjes River rock shelter(Masters
  dissertation Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University).'
:bibtex_type: :misc

Changelog