UW-0193, radiocarbon date from Elands Bay Cave

Measurement

Age (uncal BP): 10090
Error (±): 65
Lab: NA
Method: conventional 14C
Sample material: charcoal
Sample taxon: NA

Calibration

Calibration curve: IntCal20 (Reimer et al. 2020)
Calibrated age (2σ, BP): 11926 - 11915
11880 - 11393
11373 - 11347

Context

Site: Elands Bay Cave
Context: PLGB, Level 6 (top)
Sample position: NA
Sample coordinates: NA

Bibliographic references (28)

No bibliographic information available. [fairhall1976uwd]
https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database [SARD]
No bibliographic information available. [parkington1992mss]
No bibliographic information available. [tribolo2016cpd]
No bibliographic information available. [orton2006lsl]
No bibliographic information available. [Parkington J. 1992. Making sense of sequence at the Elands Bay cave western Cape South Africa.Guide to archaeological sites in the south-western Cape6 p.12.]
No bibliographic information available. [Bárcena et al. 1985]
No bibliographic information available. [Blake 1983; Hutchinson 1992]
No bibliographic information available. [Tribolo C. Mercier N. Valladas H. Lefrais Y. Miller C.E. Parkington J.E. and Porraz G. 2016. Chronology of the Pleistocene deposits at Elands Bay Cave (South Africa) based on charcoals burnt lithics and sedimentary quartz and feldspar grains.Southern African Humanities29 pp.129-52.]
No bibliographic information available. [Quiles A. 2014. Radiocarbon 56: 833-850. Faigenbaum-Golovin S. 2016. PNAS 113: 4670-4675.]
No bibliographic information available. [SARD]
No bibliographic information available. [Kaplan J. 1990. The Umhlatuzana rock shelter sequence: 100 000 years of Stone Age history.Southern African Humanities2(11) pp.1-94.]
No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394]
No bibliographic information available. [Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.]
No bibliographic information available. [Humphreys AJ and Thackeray AI. 1983.Ghaap and Gariep: Later Stone Age studies in the northern Cape(No. 2). South African Archaeological Society:Cape Town.]
No bibliographic information available. [Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80]
No bibliographic information available. [Orton J. 2006. The Later Stone Age lithic sequence at Elands Bay Western Cape South Africa: raw materials artefacts and sporadic change.Southern African Humanities18(2) pp.1-28.]
No bibliographic information available. [Morris AG. 1992. The skeletons of contact. A study of protohistoric burials from the lower Orange River valley South Africa. Witwatersrand University Press: Johannesburg]
No bibliographic information available. [Hall M. 1980. Enkwazini an Iron Age site on the Zululand coast.Annals of the Natal Museum24(1) pp.97-109.]
No bibliographic information available. [Mazel A.D. 1993. KwaThwaleyakhe Shelter: the excavation of mid and late Holocene deposits in the central Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Southern African Humanities5(10) pp.1-36.]
No bibliographic information available. [Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2) pp.84-94.]
No bibliographic information available. [Deacon H.J. 1976.Where hunters gathered: a study of Holocene Stone Age people in the eastern Cape(No. 1). South African Archaeological Society.]
No bibliographic information available. [Wadley L. 1991. Rose Cottage Cave: background and a preliminary report on the recent excavations.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.125-130.]
No bibliographic information available. [Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).]
No bibliographic information available. [Lee-Thorp J.A. and Ecker M. 2015. Holocene environmental change at wonderwerk cave South Africa: Insights from stable light isotopes in ostrich eggshell.African Archaeological Review32(4) pp.793-811.]
No bibliographic information available. [Sadr K. Smith A. Plug I. Orton J. and Mütti B. 2003. Herders and foragers on Kasteelberg: interim report of excavations 1999-2002.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.27-32.]
No bibliographic information available. [Fairhall A Young A and Erickson J. 1976. University of Washington Dates IV. Radiocarbon 18:221–239.]
No bibliographic information available. [Grabert 1974; Lyman 2001]

@misc{fairhall1976uwd,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@misc{parkington1992mss,
  
}
@misc{tribolo2016cpd,
  
}
@misc{orton2006lsl,
  
}
@misc{Parkington J. 1992. Making sense of sequence at the Elands Bay cave western Cape South Africa.Guide to archaeological sites in the south-western Cape6 p.12.,
  
}
@misc{Bárcena et al. 1985,
  
}
@misc{Blake 1983;  Hutchinson 1992,
  
}
@misc{Tribolo C. Mercier N. Valladas H. Lefrais Y. Miller C.E. Parkington J.E. and Porraz G. 2016. Chronology of the Pleistocene deposits at Elands Bay Cave (South Africa) based on charcoals burnt lithics and sedimentary quartz and feldspar grains.Southern African Humanities29 pp.129-52.,
  
}
@misc{Quiles A.  2014. Radiocarbon 56: 833-850. Faigenbaum-Golovin S.  2016. PNAS 113: 4670-4675.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  
}
@misc{Kaplan J. 1990. The Umhlatuzana rock shelter sequence: 100 000 years of Stone Age history.Southern African Humanities2(11) pp.1-94.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394,
  
}
@misc{Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.,
  
}
@misc{Humphreys AJ and Thackeray AI. 1983.Ghaap and Gariep: Later Stone Age studies in the northern Cape(No. 2). South African Archaeological Society:Cape Town.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80,
  
}
@misc{Orton J. 2006. The Later Stone Age lithic sequence at Elands Bay Western Cape South Africa: raw materials artefacts and sporadic change.Southern African Humanities18(2) pp.1-28.,
  
}
@misc{Morris AG. 1992. The skeletons of contact. A study of protohistoric burials from the lower Orange River valley South Africa. Witwatersrand University Press: Johannesburg,
  
}
@misc{Hall M. 1980. Enkwazini an Iron Age site on the Zululand coast.Annals of the Natal Museum24(1) pp.97-109.,
  
}
@misc{Mazel A.D. 1993. KwaThwaleyakhe Shelter: the excavation of mid and late Holocene deposits in the central Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Southern African Humanities5(10) pp.1-36.,
  
}
@misc{Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2) pp.84-94.,
  
}
@misc{Deacon H.J. 1976.Where hunters gathered: a study of Holocene Stone Age people in the eastern Cape(No. 1). South African Archaeological Society.,
  
}
@misc{Wadley L. 1991. Rose Cottage Cave: background and a preliminary report on the recent excavations.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.125-130.,
  
}
@misc{Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).,
  
}
@misc{Lee-Thorp J.A. and Ecker M. 2015. Holocene environmental change at wonderwerk cave South Africa: Insights from stable light isotopes in ostrich eggshell.African Archaeological Review32(4) pp.793-811.,
  
}
@misc{Sadr K. Smith A. Plug I. Orton J. and Mütti B. 2003. Herders and foragers on Kasteelberg: interim report of excavations 1999-2002.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.27-32.,
  
}
@misc{Fairhall A Young A and Erickson J. 1976. University of Washington Dates IV. Radiocarbon 18:221–239.,
  
}
@misc{Grabert 1974; Lyman 2001,
  
}

{"bibtex_key":"fairhall1976uwd","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}]{"bibtex_key":"parkington1992mss","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"tribolo2016cpd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"orton2006lsl","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Parkington J. 1992. Making sense of sequence at the Elands Bay cave western Cape South Africa.Guide to archaeological sites in the south-western Cape6 p.12.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bárcena et al. 1985","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Blake 1983;  Hutchinson 1992","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Tribolo C. Mercier N. Valladas H. Lefrais Y. Miller C.E. Parkington J.E. and Porraz G. 2016. Chronology of the Pleistocene deposits at Elands Bay Cave (South Africa) based on charcoals burnt lithics and sedimentary quartz and feldspar grains.Southern African Humanities29 pp.129-52.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Quiles A.  2014. Radiocarbon 56: 833-850. Faigenbaum-Golovin S.  2016. PNAS 113: 4670-4675.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kaplan J. 1990. The Umhlatuzana rock shelter sequence: 100 000 years of Stone Age history.Southern African Humanities2(11) pp.1-94.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon 13: 378-394","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Humphreys AJ and Thackeray AI. 1983.Ghaap and Gariep: Later Stone Age studies in the northern Cape(No. 2). South African Archaeological Society:Cape Town.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Orton J. 2006. The Later Stone Age lithic sequence at Elands Bay Western Cape South Africa: raw materials artefacts and sporadic change.Southern African Humanities18(2) pp.1-28.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Morris AG. 1992. The skeletons of contact. A study of protohistoric burials from the lower Orange River valley South Africa. Witwatersrand University Press: Johannesburg","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Hall M. 1980. Enkwazini an Iron Age site on the Zululand coast.Annals of the Natal Museum24(1) pp.97-109.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mazel A.D. 1993. KwaThwaleyakhe Shelter: the excavation of mid and late Holocene deposits in the central Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Southern African Humanities5(10) pp.1-36.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2) pp.84-94.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Deacon H.J. 1976.Where hunters gathered: a study of Holocene Stone Age people in the eastern Cape(No. 1). South African Archaeological Society.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wadley L. 1991. Rose Cottage Cave: background and a preliminary report on the recent excavations.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.125-130.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lee-Thorp J.A. and Ecker M. 2015. Holocene environmental change at wonderwerk cave South Africa: Insights from stable light isotopes in ostrich eggshell.African Archaeological Review32(4) pp.793-811.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Sadr K. Smith A. Plug I. Orton J. and Mütti B. 2003. Herders and foragers on Kasteelberg: interim report of excavations 1999-2002.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.27-32.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Fairhall A Young A and Erickson J. 1976. University of Washington Dates IV. Radiocarbon 18:221–239.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Grabert 1974; Lyman 2001","bibtex_type":"misc"}

---
:bibtex_key: fairhall1976uwd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
:bibtex_key: parkington1992mss
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: tribolo2016cpd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: orton2006lsl
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Parkington J. 1992. Making sense of sequence at the Elands Bay cave western
  Cape South Africa.Guide to archaeological sites in the south-western Cape6 p.12.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bárcena et al. 1985
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Blake 1983;  Hutchinson 1992
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Tribolo C. Mercier N. Valladas H. Lefrais Y. Miller C.E. Parkington J.E.
  and Porraz G. 2016. Chronology of the Pleistocene deposits at Elands Bay Cave (South
  Africa) based on charcoals burnt lithics and sedimentary quartz and feldspar grains.Southern
  African Humanities29 pp.129-52.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Quiles A.  2014. Radiocarbon 56: 833-850. Faigenbaum-Golovin S.  2016.
  PNAS 113: 4670-4675.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Kaplan J. 1990. The Umhlatuzana rock shelter sequence: 100 000 years
  of Stone Age history.Southern African Humanities2(11) pp.1-94.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC and Marais M. 1971. Pretoria radiocarbon dates I. Radiocarbon
  13: 378-394'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo
  Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Humphreys AJ and Thackeray AI. 1983.Ghaap and Gariep: Later Stone Age
  studies in the northern Cape(No. 2). South African Archaeological Society:Cape Town.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon
  23: 43-80'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Orton J. 2006. The Later Stone Age lithic sequence at Elands Bay Western
  Cape South Africa: raw materials artefacts and sporadic change.Southern African
  Humanities18(2) pp.1-28.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Morris AG. 1992. The skeletons of contact. A study of protohistoric
  burials from the lower Orange River valley South Africa. Witwatersrand University
  Press: Johannesburg'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Hall M. 1980. Enkwazini an Iron Age site on the Zululand coast.Annals
  of the Natal Museum24(1) pp.97-109.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mazel A.D. 1993. KwaThwaleyakhe Shelter: the excavation of mid and late
  Holocene deposits in the central Thukela Basin Natal South Africa.Southern African
  Humanities5(10) pp.1-36.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Sampson C.G. and Vogel J.C. 1995. Radiocarbon chronology of Later Stone
  Age pottery decorations in the upper Seacow Valley.Southern African Field Archaeology4(2)
  pp.84-94.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Deacon H.J. 1976.Where hunters gathered: a study of Holocene Stone Age
  people in the eastern Cape(No. 1). South African Archaeological Society.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Wadley L. 1991. Rose Cottage Cave: background and a preliminary report
  on the recent excavations.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.125-130.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Jerardino AMS. 1996.Changing social landscapes of the western Cape coast
  of southern Africa over the last 4500 years(Doctoral dissertation University of
  Cape Town).
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Lee-Thorp J.A. and Ecker M. 2015. Holocene environmental change at wonderwerk
  cave South Africa: Insights from stable light isotopes in ostrich eggshell.African
  Archaeological Review32(4) pp.793-811.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Sadr K. Smith A. Plug I. Orton J. and Mütti B. 2003. Herders and foragers
  on Kasteelberg: interim report of excavations 1999-2002.The South African Archaeological
  Bulletin pp.27-32.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Fairhall A Young A and Erickson J. 1976. University of Washington Dates
  IV. Radiocarbon 18:221–239.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Grabert 1974; Lyman 2001
:bibtex_type: :misc

Changelog

Imported from SARD via c14bazAAR

XRONOS development team 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC