Pta-1244

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon date from Border Cave
Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team

Measurement

Age (uncal BP)
Error (±)
Lab
NA
Method
conventional 14C
Sample material
charcoal
Sample taxon
NA

Calibration

Calibration curve
IntCal20 (Reimer et al. 2020)
Calibrated age (2σ, BP)

Context

Site
Border Cave
Context
2 BS UP
Sample position
NA
Sample coordinates
NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references (33) 

@misc{vogel1986prd,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  url = {https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database},
  note = { Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}
}
@misc{villa2012bbl,
  
}
@misc{morris1992scs,
  
}
@misc{beaumont1978b,
  
}
@misc{vogel1972rrc,
  
}
@misc{vogel1972rrc; vogel1986prd,
  
}
@misc{beaumont1972rca,
  
}
@misc{wadley1993pls,
  
}
@misc{Villa P. Soriano S. Tsanova T. Degano I. Higham T.F. d’Errico F. Backwell L. Lucejko J.J. Colombini M.P. and Beaumont P.B. 2012. Border cave and the beginning of the later stone age in South Africa.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences109(33) pp.13208-13213.,
  
}
@misc{Benz 2012,
  
}
@misc{Gimbutas et al. 1989: 24f. Linick 1977: 23ff.,
  
}
@misc{SARD,
  
}
@misc{Higham et al. 2015,
  
}
@misc{Oxford Egypt Database May 2015,
  
}
@misc{Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.,
  
}
@misc{Lovell 2001,
  
}
@misc{Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.,
  
}
@misc{Kaplan J. 1990. The Umhlatuzana rock shelter sequence: 100 000 years of Stone Age history.Southern African Humanities2(11) pp.1-94.,
  
}
@misc{Patrick M.K. 1989.An archaeological anthropological study of the human skeletal remains from the Oakhurst Rockshelter George Cape Province Southern Africa(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).,
  
}
@misc{WadleyL. 1993.The Pleistocene Later Stone Age south of the Limpopo River.Journal of World Prehistory 7:243–296.,
  
}
@misc{Pfeiffer S. Sealy J. Harrington L. Loftus E. and Maggs T. 2020. A Late Holocene community burial area: Evidence of diverse mortuary practices in the Western Cape South Africa.Plos one15(4) p.e0230391.,
  
}
@misc{Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press.,
  
}
@misc{Mazel A.D. 1990. Mhlwazini Cave: the excavation of late Holocene deposits in the northern Natal Drakensberg Natal South Africa.Southern African Humanities2(11) pp.95-133.,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117,
  
}
@misc{Goring-Morris and Cohern 2005,
  
}
@misc{Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80,
  
}
@misc{Parkington J. Fisher Jr J.W. and Tonner T.W. 2009.  The fires are constant the shelters are whims: A feature map of Later Stone Age campsites at the Dunefield Midden site Western Cape province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.104-121.,
  
}
@misc{Boeyens J.C.A. and Plug I. 2011. 'A chief is like an ash-heap on which is gathered all the refuse': the faunal remains from the central court midden at Kaditshwene.Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History1(1) pp.1-22.,
  
}
@misc{Humphreys A.J.B. 1973. A report on excavations carried out on a Type R settlement unit (Khartoum 1) in the Jacobsdal district.Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums (Natural History)9(8) pp.123-57.,
  
}
@misc{Mazel A.D. 1999. iNkolimahashi Shelter: the excavation of Later Stone Age rock shelter deposits in the central Thukela Basin KwaZulu-Natal South Africa.Southern African Humanities11(12) pp.1-21.,
  
}
@misc{Wadley L. 2001. Who Lived in Mauermanshoek Shelter Korannaberg South Africaà.African Archaeological Review18(3) pp.153-179.,
  
}
@misc{Van Doornum B. 2007. Tshisiku Shelter and the Shashe-Limpopo confluence area hunter-gatherer sequence.Southern African Humanities19(1) pp.17-67.,
  
}

{"bibtex_key":"vogel1986prd","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}","note":"{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"}]{"bibtex_key":"villa2012bbl","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"morris1992scs","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"beaumont1978b","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"vogel1972rrc","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"vogel1972rrc; vogel1986prd","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"beaumont1972rca","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"wadley1993pls","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Villa P. Soriano S. Tsanova T. Degano I. Higham T.F. d’Errico F. Backwell L. Lucejko J.J. Colombini M.P. and Beaumont P.B. 2012. Border cave and the beginning of the later stone age in South Africa.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences109(33) pp.13208-13213.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Benz 2012","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gimbutas et al. 1989: 24f. Linick 1977: 23ff.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"SARD","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Higham et al. 2015","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Oxford Egypt Database May 2015","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lovell 2001","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kaplan J. 1990. The Umhlatuzana rock shelter sequence: 100 000 years of Stone Age history.Southern African Humanities2(11) pp.1-94.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Patrick M.K. 1989.An archaeological anthropological study of the human skeletal remains from the Oakhurst Rockshelter George Cape Province Southern Africa(Doctoral dissertation University of Cape Town).","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"WadleyL. 1993.The Pleistocene Later Stone Age south of the Limpopo River.Journal of World Prehistory 7:243–296.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Pfeiffer S. Sealy J. Harrington L. Loftus E. and Maggs T. 2020. A Late Holocene community burial area: Evidence of diverse mortuary practices in the Western Cape South Africa.Plos one15(4) p.e0230391.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mazel A.D. 1990. Mhlwazini Cave: the excavation of late Holocene deposits in the northern Natal Drakensberg Natal South Africa.Southern African Humanities2(11) pp.95-133.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III. Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Goring-Morris and Cohern 2005","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon 23: 43-80","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Parkington J. Fisher Jr J.W. and Tonner T.W. 2009.  The fires are constant the shelters are whims: A feature map of Later Stone Age campsites at the Dunefield Midden site Western Cape province South Africa.The South African Archaeological Bulletin pp.104-121.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Boeyens J.C.A. and Plug I. 2011. 'A chief is like an ash-heap on which is gathered all the refuse': the faunal remains from the central court midden at Kaditshwene.Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History1(1) pp.1-22.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Humphreys A.J.B. 1973. A report on excavations carried out on a Type R settlement unit (Khartoum 1) in the Jacobsdal district.Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums (Natural History)9(8) pp.123-57.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mazel A.D. 1999. iNkolimahashi Shelter: the excavation of Later Stone Age rock shelter deposits in the central Thukela Basin KwaZulu-Natal South Africa.Southern African Humanities11(12) pp.1-21.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Wadley L. 2001. Who Lived in Mauermanshoek Shelter Korannaberg South Africaà.African Archaeological Review18(3) pp.153-179.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Van Doornum B. 2007. Tshisiku Shelter and the Shashe-Limpopo confluence area hunter-gatherer sequence.Southern African Humanities19(1) pp.17-67.","bibtex_type":"misc"}
---
:bibtex_key: vogel1986prd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: SARD
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://github.com/emmaloftus/Southern-African-Radiocarbon-Database}"
  :note: "{ Loftus, E., Mitchell, P., & Ramsey, C. (2019). An archaeological radiocarbon
    database for southern Africa. Antiquity, 93(370), 870-885. doi:10.15184/aqy.2019.75}"
---
:bibtex_key: villa2012bbl
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: morris1992scs
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: beaumont1978b
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: vogel1972rrc
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: vogel1972rrc; vogel1986prd
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: beaumont1972rca
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: wadley1993pls
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Villa P. Soriano S. Tsanova T. Degano I. Higham T.F. d’Errico F. Backwell
  L. Lucejko J.J. Colombini M.P. and Beaumont P.B. 2012. Border cave and the beginning
  of the later stone age in South Africa.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences109(33)
  pp.13208-13213.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Benz 2012
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Gimbutas et al. 1989: 24f. Linick 1977: 23ff.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: SARD
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Higham et al. 2015
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Oxford Egypt Database May 2015
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vogel J.C. 2000. Radiocarbon dating of the Iron Age sequence in the Limpopo
  Valley.Goodwin Series pp.51-57.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lovell 2001
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Beaumont PB and Vogel JC. 1989. Patterns in the age and context of rock
  art in the northern Cape.The South African Archaeological Bulletin 44(150):73-81.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Kaplan J. 1990. The Umhlatuzana rock shelter sequence: 100 000 years
  of Stone Age history.Southern African Humanities2(11) pp.1-94.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Patrick M.K. 1989.An archaeological anthropological study of the human
  skeletal remains from the Oakhurst Rockshelter George Cape Province Southern Africa(Doctoral
  dissertation University of Cape Town).
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: WadleyL. 1993.The Pleistocene Later Stone Age south of the Limpopo River.Journal
  of World Prehistory 7:243–296.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Pfeiffer S. Sealy J. Harrington L. Loftus E. and Maggs T. 2020. A Late
  Holocene community burial area: Evidence of diverse mortuary practices in the Western
  Cape South Africa.Plos one15(4) p.e0230391.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Beaumont PB. Smith A.B. & Vogel J.C. 1995. Before the Einiqua: the archaeology
  of the frontier zone. In: Smith A.B. (ed.) Einiqualand: Studies of the Orange River
  Frontier: 236-264. Cape Town: UCT Press.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mazel A.D. 1990. Mhlwazini Cave: the excavation of late Holocene deposits
  in the northern Natal Drakensberg Natal South Africa.Southern African Humanities2(11)
  pp.95-133.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC Fuls A and Visser E. 1986. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates III.
  Radiocarbon 28: 1133-117'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Goring-Morris and Cohern 2005
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Vogel JC and Visser E. 1981. Pretoria Radiocarbon dates II. Radiocarbon
  23: 43-80'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Parkington J. Fisher Jr J.W. and Tonner T.W. 2009.  The fires are constant
  the shelters are whims: A feature map of Later Stone Age campsites at the Dunefield
  Midden site Western Cape province South Africa.The South African Archaeological
  Bulletin pp.104-121.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Boeyens J.C.A. and Plug I. 2011. ''A chief is like an ash-heap on which
  is gathered all the refuse'': the faunal remains from the central court midden at
  Kaditshwene.Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of Natural History1(1) pp.1-22.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Humphreys A.J.B. 1973. A report on excavations carried out on a Type
  R settlement unit (Khartoum 1) in the Jacobsdal district.Annals of the Cape Provincial
  Museums (Natural History)9(8) pp.123-57.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Mazel A.D. 1999. iNkolimahashi Shelter: the excavation of Later Stone
  Age rock shelter deposits in the central Thukela Basin KwaZulu-Natal South Africa.Southern
  African Humanities11(12) pp.1-21.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Wadley L. 2001. Who Lived in Mauermanshoek Shelter Korannaberg South
  Africaà.African Archaeological Review18(3) pp.153-179.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Van Doornum B. 2007. Tshisiku Shelter and the Shashe-Limpopo confluence
  area hunter-gatherer sequence.Southern African Humanities19(1) pp.17-67.
:bibtex_type: :misc

Changelog