Oxa-18567

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon date from Kulna, c. 9859–50100 cal BP
Record created in XRONOS on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. Last updated on 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC. See changelog for details.
Contributors: XRONOS development team

Measurement

Age (uncal BP)
52700
Error (±)
2300
Lab
NA
Method
AMS
Sample material
bone
Sample taxon
NA

Calibration

Calibration curve
IntCal20 (Reimer et al. 2020)
Calibrated age (2σ, cal BP)
  • 9859–50100

Context

Site
Kulna
Context
habitat
Sample position
NA
Sample coordinates
NA

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references (24)

@misc{Bronk Ramsey et al. 2009,
  
}
@article{dErricoEtAl2011,
  title = {PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database},
  author = {},
  date = {2011},
  journaltitle = {PaleoAnthropology},
  volume = {2011},
  pages = {1–12},
  abstract = {Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.},
  keywords = {⛔ No DOI found},
  file = {/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}
}
@misc{Mook 1988,
  
}
@misc{Valoch  1996,
  
}
@misc{Valoch and Neruda 2005,
  
}
@misc{de Vries & Waterbolk 1958b,
  
}
@misc{Oliva M. 2005. ERAUL 111: 107-120. Nejmann L.  2011. Archaeometry,
  
}
@misc{Montet-White A. 2000. Scarcity of MUP sites in the SavÔøΩa valley. In: Hunters of the Golden Age: 241-247.,
  
}
@misc{Rink W. Schwarz H. Valoch K Seidl L. & Stringer C. 1996. Journal of Archaeoloical science 23: 889-901.Svoboda 1989. Journal of World Prehistory: 283-322. Nejmann L.  2011 Archaeometry.  Neruda P. QI 213: 3-19.,
  
}
@misc{Corchon Rodriguez S. 1995. Zephyrus 48: 3-19. SÔøΩnchez GoÔøΩi M. F. 1994. L'Anthropologie 98 : 379-417.Miyika J..A.  2012. El Paleolithico Superior Cantabrico: 97-112.,
  
}
@misc{Balsera et al. 2015,
  
}
@misc{Bronk Ramsey C.  Archaeometry 57 1 (2015) 177-216. Nerudova Z.   2014. ArchÔøΩologisches korrespondenzblatt 44: 312.,
  
}
@misc{van Noten 1982,
  
}
@misc{Lanting/Mook 1977 86.,
  
}
@misc{Svoboda J. 2008. JHE 54:  15-33;. Bronk Ramsey C.  2015 Archaeometry 57: 182 Beresford-Jones  2010 JAS 37: 2799-2811,
  
}
@misc{Lanting/Mook 1977 93.,
  
}
@misc{Bronk Ramsey C. Archaeometry 51 2 (2009) 323:349.  Neruda P. QI 213: 3-19.,
  
}
@article{Vermeersch2020,
  title = {Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included},
  author = {Vermeersch, Pierre M},
  year = {2020},
  month = {aug},
  journal = {Data Brief},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {105793},
  issn = {2352-3409},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793},
  abstract = {At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.},
  month_numeric = {8}
}
@misc{Valoch K.2001. Jahrbuch des Romisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz 48: 103-162. Bronk Ramsey C.  Archaeometry 57 1 (2015) 177-216. Nerudova Z.   2014. ArchÔøΩologisches korrespondenzblatt 44: 312.,
  
}
@misc{Valoch K.2001. Jahrbuch des Romisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz 48: 103-162.. 311. Bronk Ramsey C.  Archaeometry 57 1 (2015) 177-216.  Nerudova Z.  ArchÔøΩologisches korrespondenzblatt 44 ÔøΩ   2014; 372,
  
}
@misc{Bronk Ramsey C.  Archaeometry 57 1 (2015) 177-216.. Nerudova Z.   2014. ArchÔøΩologisches korrespondenzblatt 44: 312.,
  
}
@misc{Nejmann L.  2011 Archaeometry. Neruda P.  2013. QI xxx. Bronk Ramsey C. Archaeometry 51 2 (2009) 323:349.,
  
}
@misc{Neruda P.  2013. QI xxx. Nerudova Z.   2014. ArchÔøΩologisches korrespondenzblatt 44: 312.,
  
}
@misc{Anna C. Roosevelt,
  
}
{"bibtex_key":"Bronk Ramsey et al. 2009","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"dErricoEtAl2011","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}","author":"{}","date":"{2011}","journaltitle":"{PaleoAnthropology}","volume":"{2011}","pages":"{1–12}","abstract":"{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820, AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive contextual information on the dated samples.}","keywords":"{⛔ No DOI found}","file":"{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Mook 1988","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Valoch  1996","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Valoch and Neruda 2005","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"de Vries & Waterbolk 1958b","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Oliva M. 2005. ERAUL 111: 107-120. Nejmann L.  2011. Archaeometry","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Montet-White A. 2000. Scarcity of MUP sites in the SavÔøΩa valley. In: Hunters of the Golden Age: 241-247.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Rink W. Schwarz H. Valoch K Seidl L. & Stringer C. 1996. Journal of Archaeoloical science 23: 889-901.Svoboda 1989. Journal of World Prehistory: 283-322. Nejmann L.  2011 Archaeometry.  Neruda P. QI 213: 3-19.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Corchon Rodriguez S. 1995. Zephyrus 48: 3-19. SÔøΩnchez GoÔøΩi M. F. 1994. L'Anthropologie 98 : 379-417.Miyika J..A.  2012. El Paleolithico Superior Cantabrico: 97-112.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Balsera et al. 2015","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bronk Ramsey C.  Archaeometry 57 1 (2015) 177-216. Nerudova Z.   2014. ArchÔøΩologisches korrespondenzblatt 44: 312.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"van Noten 1982","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lanting/Mook 1977 86.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Svoboda J. 2008. JHE 54:  15-33;. Bronk Ramsey C.  2015 Archaeometry 57: 182 Beresford-Jones  2010 JAS 37: 2799-2811","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lanting/Mook 1977 93.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bronk Ramsey C. Archaeometry 51 2 (2009) 323:349.  Neruda P. QI 213: 3-19.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"Vermeersch2020","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}","author":"{Vermeersch, Pierre M}","year":"{2020}","month":"{aug}","journal":"{Data Brief}","volume":"{31}","pages":"{105793}","issn":"{2352-3409}","doi":"{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}","abstract":"{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a \"cultural\" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in \"My Places\". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.}","month_numeric":"{8}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Valoch K.2001. Jahrbuch des Romisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz 48: 103-162. Bronk Ramsey C.  Archaeometry 57 1 (2015) 177-216. Nerudova Z.   2014. ArchÔøΩologisches korrespondenzblatt 44: 312.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Valoch K.2001. Jahrbuch des Romisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz 48: 103-162.. 311. Bronk Ramsey C.  Archaeometry 57 1 (2015) 177-216.  Nerudova Z.  ArchÔøΩologisches korrespondenzblatt 44 ÔøΩ   2014; 372","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bronk Ramsey C.  Archaeometry 57 1 (2015) 177-216.. Nerudova Z.   2014. ArchÔøΩologisches korrespondenzblatt 44: 312.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Nejmann L.  2011 Archaeometry. Neruda P.  2013. QI xxx. Bronk Ramsey C. Archaeometry 51 2 (2009) 323:349.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Neruda P.  2013. QI xxx. Nerudova Z.   2014. ArchÔøΩologisches korrespondenzblatt 44: 312.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Anna C. Roosevelt","bibtex_type":"misc"}
---
:bibtex_key: Bronk Ramsey et al. 2009
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: dErricoEtAl2011
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{PACEA Geo-Referenced Radiocarbon Database}"
  :author: "{}"
  :date: "{2011}"
  :journaltitle: "{PaleoAnthropology}"
  :volume: "{2011}"
  :pages: "{1–12}"
  :abstract: "{Numerous Paleolithic radiocarbon databases exist, but their geographic
    and temporal scopes are diverse and their availability variable. With this paper
    we make available to the scientific community a georeferenced database of radiocarbon
    ages for the late Middle Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic, and initial Holocene
    in Europe. The PACEA radiocarbon database consists of conventional and AMS 14C
    age determinations from archaeological sites in Europe that fall within Marine
    Isotope Stages (MIS) 3–1. In all, we have assembled 6,019 radiocarbon ages (conventional=3,820,
    AMS=2,176, unspecified=23) from a total of 1,208 sites, along with comprehensive
    contextual information on the dated samples.}"
  :keywords: "{⛔ No DOI found}"
  :file: "{/home/joeroe/g/work/library/2011/d’Errico_et_al_2011.pdf}"
---
:bibtex_key: Mook 1988
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Valoch  1996
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Valoch and Neruda 2005
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: de Vries & Waterbolk 1958b
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Oliva M. 2005. ERAUL 111: 107-120. Nejmann L.  2011. Archaeometry'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Montet-White A. 2000. Scarcity of MUP sites in the SavÔøΩa valley. In:
  Hunters of the Golden Age: 241-247.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Rink W. Schwarz H. Valoch K Seidl L. & Stringer C. 1996. Journal of
  Archaeoloical science 23: 889-901.Svoboda 1989. Journal of World Prehistory: 283-322.
  Nejmann L.  2011 Archaeometry.  Neruda P. QI 213: 3-19.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Corchon Rodriguez S. 1995. Zephyrus 48: 3-19. SÔøΩnchez GoÔøΩi M. F.
  1994. L''Anthropologie 98 : 379-417.Miyika J..A.  2012. El Paleolithico Superior
  Cantabrico: 97-112.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Balsera et al. 2015
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Bronk Ramsey C.  Archaeometry 57 1 (2015) 177-216. Nerudova Z.   2014.
  ArchÔøΩologisches korrespondenzblatt 44: 312.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: van Noten 1982
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lanting/Mook 1977 86.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Svoboda J. 2008. JHE 54:  15-33;. Bronk Ramsey C.  2015 Archaeometry
  57: 182 Beresford-Jones  2010 JAS 37: 2799-2811'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lanting/Mook 1977 93.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Bronk Ramsey C. Archaeometry 51 2 (2009) 323:349.  Neruda P. QI 213:
  3-19.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: Vermeersch2020
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset
    of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}"
  :author: "{Vermeersch, Pierre M}"
  :year: "{2020}"
  :month: "{aug}"
  :journal: "{Data Brief}"
  :volume: "{31}"
  :pages: "{105793}"
  :issn: "{2352-3409}"
  :doi: "{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}"
  :abstract: '{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late
    Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations,
    was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie
    humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation
    of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes
    Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental
    conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites
    with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available
    radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We
    try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind
    of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated
    with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian
    Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates
    are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic,
    sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database.
    For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft
    Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites
    with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is
    available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file
    open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version
    27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most
    of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data:
    Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U
    and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates
    are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version
    26.}'
  :month_numeric: "{8}"
---
:bibtex_key: 'Valoch K.2001. Jahrbuch des Romisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz
  48: 103-162. Bronk Ramsey C.  Archaeometry 57 1 (2015) 177-216. Nerudova Z.   2014.
  ArchÔøΩologisches korrespondenzblatt 44: 312.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Valoch K.2001. Jahrbuch des Romisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz
  48: 103-162.. 311. Bronk Ramsey C.  Archaeometry 57 1 (2015) 177-216.  Nerudova
  Z.  ArchÔøΩologisches korrespondenzblatt 44 ÔøΩ   2014; 372'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Bronk Ramsey C.  Archaeometry 57 1 (2015) 177-216.. Nerudova Z.   2014.
  ArchÔøΩologisches korrespondenzblatt 44: 312.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Nejmann L.  2011 Archaeometry. Neruda P.  2013. QI xxx. Bronk Ramsey
  C. Archaeometry 51 2 (2009) 323:349.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Neruda P.  2013. QI xxx. Nerudova Z.   2014. ArchÔøΩologisches korrespondenzblatt
  44: 312.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Anna C. Roosevelt
:bibtex_type: :misc

Changelog