Site types
Enclosure and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
050.820° N, 003.262° W
Coordinates (DMS)
050° 49' 00" W, 003° 15' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
United Kingdom (England/Wales)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (64)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
BM-138 inner ditch; CXA layers 4-6; Liddell's layers were spits 1 ft deep, so thar spits 4-6 spanned the burnt deposits in the ditch charcoal NA NA 5280±150 BP 6391–5663 cal BP Whittle et al. 2011, 486; Liddell 1930; Fox 1963 Hinz et al. 2012
OxA-15706 CXa & exts layer 6, section 2 of inner ditch miscellaneous neolithic bowl sherd with well preserved internal residue NA 4690±50 BP 5575–5316 cal BP Whittle et al. 2011, 486; Fox 1963; Liddell 1930 Hinz et al. 2012
GrA-31556 CIXX c, spit 3 of section 1 of inner ditch charcoal single fragment quercus sp. sapwood NA 2465±35 BP 2710–2367 cal BP Whittle et al. 2011, 486; Fox 1963; Liddell 1930 Hinz et al. 2012
GrA-31557 CIXX c, spit 3 of section 1 of inner ditch charcoal single fragment quercus sp. sapwood NA 2485±35 BP 2723–2427 cal BP Whittle et al. 2011, 486; Fox 1963; Liddell 1930 Hinz et al. 2012
GrA-31545 discrete feature; CIII c layer 2, from pit (hearth) containing much burnt material; under the N butt of the IA rampart at the S side of the W entrance charcoal Corylus avellana NA 4770±35 BP 5588–5333 cal BP Whittle et al. 2011, 488; Liddell 1930 Hinz et al. 2012
BM-136 discrete feature; CXIA, layer 3, neolithic burnt layer, at S tip of spur charcoal NA NA 5190±150 BP 6281–5605 cal BP Whittle et al. 2011, 489; Fox 1963; Liddell 1930 Hinz et al. 2012
GrA-31466 discrete feature; CXI d extn, pit 2, layer 2, one of numerous pits excavated on the southern tip of the spur, at least partly protected by the Iron Age rampart miscellaneous Corylus avellana NA 4770±35 BP 5588–5333 cal BP Whittle et al. 2011, 489; Liddell 1930 Hinz et al. 2012
GrA-31211 discrete feature; CXI k, pit H, one of numerous pits excavated on the southern tip of the spur, at least partly protected by the Iron Age rampart miscellaneous Corylus avellana NA 4855±40 BP 5658–5477 cal BP Whittle et al. 2011, 489; Liddell 1930 Hinz et al. 2012
GrA-31551 CX a ditch layers 4-6, section 2 of inner ditch charcoal Corylus avellana NA 4945±40 BP 5745–5591 cal BP Whittle et al. 2011, 486; Liddell 1930; Fox 1963 Hinz et al. 2012
GrA-31199 CXXVIII, neo black layer, this was a lens of burnt material, derived from the interior, near the base of the only excavated segment of the outer ditch miscellaneous neolithic bowl sherd with well preserved residue NA 4660±40 BP 5470–5314 cal BP Whittle et al. 2011, 486; Fox 1963; Liddell 1930 Hinz et al. 2012
GrA-31546 discrete feature; CIII c layer 2, from pit (hearth) containing much burnt material; under the N butt of the IA rampart at the S side of the W entrance charcoal single fragment pomoideae NA 4735±35 BP 5581–5326 cal BP Whittle et al. 2011, 488; Liddell 1930 Hinz et al. 2012
GrA-31559 discrete feature; CXXI extension cookin hole, one of several pits close to the inner ditch miscellaneous Corylus avellana NA 4845±35 BP 5652–5477 cal BP Whittle et al. 2011, 488; Liddell 1930 Hinz et al. 2012
GrA-31467 discrete feature; CXI d extn, pit 2, layer 2, one of numerous pits excavated on the southern tip of the spur, at least partly protected by the Iron Age rampart miscellaneous Corylus avellana NA 4845±35 BP 5652–5477 cal BP Whittle et al. 2011, 489; Liddell 1930 Hinz et al. 2012
GrA-31094 discrete feature; CXI f, pit 10, one of numerous pits excavated on the southern tip of the spur, at least partly protected by the Iron Age rampart miscellaneous Corylus avellana NA 4845±40 BP 5654–5476 cal BP Whittle et al. 2011, 489; Liddell 1930 Hinz et al. 2012
GrA-31207 discrete feature; CXI g, cooking pit 11, one of numerous pits excavated at the southern tip of the spur, at least partly protected by the Iron Age rampart miscellaneous Corylus avellana NA 4820±35 BP 5597–5476 cal BP Whittle et al. 2011, 489; Liddell 1930 Hinz et al. 2012
GrA-31209 discrete feature; CXI g, cooking pit 11, one of numerous pits excavated at the southern tip of the spur, at least partly protected by the Iron Age rampart miscellaneous Corylus avellana NA 4925±40 BP 5725–5590 cal BP Whittle et al. 2011, 489; Liddell 1930 Hinz et al. 2012
GrA-31544 discrete feature; H81, F41, from area north of inner ditch and west of outer ditch, in upper and mid fill of a shallow pit (F41) cut into a backfilled deeper pit (F90) miscellaneous residue from one sherd of many NA 4505±40 BP 5308–4990 cal BP Whittle et al. 2011, 490; Liddell 1930 Hinz et al. 2012
BM-130 inner ditch; the bottom of the neolithic ditch, cutting XA charcoal NA NA 5100±150 BP 6268–5492 cal BP Whittle et al. 2011, 486; Fox 1963; Liddell 1930 Hinz et al. 2012
GrA-31555 CXII c extn, lower levels of ditch, section 1 of inner ditch charcoal Corylus avellana NA 4790±35 BP 5590–5470 cal BP Whittle et al. 2011, 486; Fox 1963; Liddell 1930 Hinz et al. 2012
GrA-31200 CXa & exts layer 6, section 2 of inner ditch miscellaneous neolithic bowl sherd with well preserved internal residue NA 4750±35 BP 5584–5329 cal BP Whittle et al. 2011, 486; Fox 1963; Liddell 1930 Hinz et al. 2012

typological date Typological dates (64)

Classification Estimated age References
Neolithikum NA Whittle et al. 2011, 486; Liddell 1930; Fox 1963
Neolithikum NA Whittle et al. 2011, 486; Fox 1963; Liddell 1930
Neolithikum NA Whittle et al. 2011, 486; Fox 1963; Liddell 1930
Neolithikum NA Whittle et al. 2011, 486; Fox 1963; Liddell 1930
Neolithikum NA Whittle et al. 2011, 488; Liddell 1930
Neolithikum NA Whittle et al. 2011, 489; Fox 1963; Liddell 1930
Neolithikum NA Whittle et al. 2011, 489; Liddell 1930
Neolithikum NA Whittle et al. 2011, 489; Liddell 1930
Neolithikum NA Whittle et al. 2011, 486; Liddell 1930; Fox 1963
Neolithikum NA Whittle et al. 2011, 486; Fox 1963; Liddell 1930
Neolithikum NA Whittle et al. 2011, 488; Liddell 1930
Neolithikum NA Whittle et al. 2011, 488; Liddell 1930
Neolithikum NA Whittle et al. 2011, 489; Liddell 1930
Neolithikum NA Whittle et al. 2011, 489; Liddell 1930
Neolithikum NA Whittle et al. 2011, 489; Liddell 1930
Neolithikum NA Whittle et al. 2011, 489; Liddell 1930
Neolithikum NA Whittle et al. 2011, 490; Liddell 1930
Neolithikum NA Whittle et al. 2011, 486; Fox 1963; Liddell 1930
Neolithikum NA Whittle et al. 2011, 486; Fox 1963; Liddell 1930
Neolithikum NA Whittle et al. 2011, 486; Fox 1963; Liddell 1930

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references 

@article{RADON,
  title = {RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.},
  author = {Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter},
  date = {2012},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Neolithic Archaeology},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {1–4},
  url = {https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116},
  abstract = {In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}
}
@misc{Whittle et al. 2011, 486; Liddell 1930; Fox 1963,
  
}
@misc{Whittle et al. 2011, 486; Fox 1963; Liddell 1930,
  
}
@misc{Whittle et al. 2011, 488; Liddell 1930,
  
}
@misc{Whittle et al. 2011, 489; Fox 1963; Liddell 1930,
  
}
@misc{Whittle et al. 2011, 489; Liddell 1930,
  
}
@misc{Whittle et al. 2011, 490; Liddell 1930,
  
}
@article{RADON,
  title = {RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.},
  author = {Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian, Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter},
  date = {2012},
  journaltitle = {Journal of Neolithic Archaeology},
  volume = {14},
  pages = {1–4},
  url = {https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116},
  abstract = {In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller 2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy, still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level, it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates, but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e. g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia – is collected and successively augmented.}
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}

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---
- :bibtex_key: RADON
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C
    Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}"
  :author: "{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian,
    Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}"
  :date: "{2012}"
  :journaltitle: "{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}"
  :volume: "{14}"
  :pages: "{1–4}"
  :url: "{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}"
  :abstract: "{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific
    dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently
    of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller
    2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy,
    still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level,
    it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and
    that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as
    sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates,
    but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate
    results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e.
    g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This
    approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which
    we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has
    been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C
    data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia –
    is collected and successively augmented.}"
---
:bibtex_key: Whittle et al. 2011, 486; Liddell 1930; Fox 1963
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Whittle et al. 2011, 486; Fox 1963; Liddell 1930
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Whittle et al. 2011, 488; Liddell 1930
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Whittle et al. 2011, 489; Fox 1963; Liddell 1930
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Whittle et al. 2011, 489; Liddell 1930
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Whittle et al. 2011, 490; Liddell 1930
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: RADON
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{RADON - Radiocarbon Dates Online 2012. Central European Database of 14C
    Dates for the Neolithic and the Early Bronze Age.}"
  :author: "{Hinz, Martin and Furholt, Martin and Müller, Johannes and Raetzel-Fabian,
    Dirk and Rinne, Christophe and Sjögren, Karl-Göran and Wotzka, Hans-Peter}"
  :date: "{2012}"
  :journaltitle: "{Journal of Neolithic Archaeology}"
  :volume: "{14}"
  :pages: "{1–4}"
  :url: "{https://www.jna.uni-kiel.de/index.php/jna/article/view/65/116}"
  :abstract: "{In order to understand the dynamics of cultural phenomena, scientific
    dating in archaeology is an increasingly indispensable tool. Only by dating independently
    of typology is it possible to understand typological development itself (Müller
    2004). Here radiometric dating methods, especially those based on carbon isotopy,
    still play the most important role. For evaluations exceeding the intra-site level,
    it is particularly important that such data is collected in large numbers and
    that the dates are easily accessible. Also, new statistical analyses, such as
    sequential calibration based on Bayesian methods, do not require single dates,
    but rather demand a greater number. By their combination significantly more elaborate
    results can be achieved compared to the results from conventional evaluation (e.
    g. Whittle et al. 2011). A second premise of RADON is that of „Open Access“. This
    approach continues to be applied in the international research community, which
    we welcome as a highly positive development. The radiocarbon database RADON has
    been committed to this principle for more than 12 years. In this database 14C
    data – primarily of the Neolithic of Central Europe and Southern Scandinavia –
    is collected and successively augmented.}"
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"

Changelog