Troy – XRONOS

Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees): 039.958° N, 026.239° E
Coordinates (DMS): 039° 57' 00" E, 026° 14' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166): Türkiye (TR)

Lab ID	Material	Taxon	Method	Uncalibrated age	Calibrated age	References
Bln-1106	grain	NA	NA	3900±90 BP	4574–4000 cal BP	Korfmann 1993 Bird et al. 2022
Bln-1107	grain	NA	NA	3375±100 BP	3870–3392 cal BP	Korfmann 1993 Bird et al. 2022
Bln-1129	peas	NA	NA	3800±60 BP	4406–3990 cal BP	Korfmann 1993 Bird et al. 2022
Bln-1130	grain	NA	NA	3615±100 BP	4234–3640 cal BP	Korfmann 1993 Bird et al. 2022
Bln-1132	peas	NA	NA	3735±60 BP	4288–3901 cal BP	Korfmann 1993 Bird et al. 2022
Bln-1234	peas	NA	NA	3635±60 BP	4146–3734 cal BP	Korfmann 1993 Bird et al. 2022
Bln-1235		NA	NA	3665±60 BP	4150–3840 cal BP	Korfmann 1993 Bird et al. 2022
Bln-1236		NA	NA	3700±100 BP	4403–3727 cal BP	Korfmann 1993 Bird et al. 2022
Bln-1237		NA	NA	3730±100 BP	4405–3842 cal BP	Korfmann 1993 Bird et al. 2022
Bln-1238		NA	NA	3710±80 BP	4348–3835 cal BP	Korfmann 1993 Bird et al. 2022
Bln-1239	wood	NA	NA	3845±70 BP	4423–3998 cal BP	Korfmann 1993 Bird et al. 2022
GrA-13940	twig	NA	NA	4080±50 BP	4814–4423 cal BP	Carciumaru M. 2004-2005. Annales d'universite Valahia Tagoviste VI-VII: 7-40. Bird et al. 2022
GrA-24678	bone	NA	NA	3520±50 BP	3960–3645 cal BP	Vermeersch 2020 Bird et al. 2022
Hd-11906	soil	NA	NA	4168±52 BP	4839–4532 cal BP	Korfmann 1993 Bird et al. 2022
Hd-11917	soil	NA	NA	4299±42 BP	4973–4734 cal BP	Korfmann 1993 Bird et al. 2022
Hd-11935	soil	NA	NA	4316±34 BP	4960–4837 cal BP	Korfmann 1993 Bird et al. 2022
Hd-11944	soil	NA	NA	4238±37 BP	4864–4645 cal BP	Korfmann 1993 Bird et al. 2022
Hd-11945	charcoal	NA	NA	4315±84 BP	5280–4617 cal BP	Korfmann 1993 Bird et al. 2022
Hd-12046	charcoal	NA	NA	2920±86 BP	3335–2853 cal BP	Korfmann 1993 Bird et al. 2022
Hd-12058	charcoal	NA	NA	4215±84 BP	4961–4454 cal BP	Korfmann 1993 Bird et al. 2022

Classification	Estimated age	References

Bibliographic references

No bibliographic information available. [Korfmann 1993]
No bibliographic information available. [Carciumaru M. 2004-2005. Annales d'universite Valahia Tagoviste VI-VII: 7-40.]
Vermeersch, P. M. (2020). Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included. Data Brief, 31, 105793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793 [Vermeersch 2020]
No bibliographic information available. [Street Terbergen 1999 Antiquity 73: 259-272]
No bibliographic information available. [Raetzel-Fabian 2000a 136]
Capuzzo, G., Boaretto, E., & Barceló, J. A. (2014). EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern France. Radiocarbon, 56(2), 851–869. https://doi.org/10.2458/56.17453 [EUBAR]
No bibliographic information available. [Leonardi et al. 2015 301-304 Appendix]
No bibliographic information available. [Behnke 2000 137]
No bibliographic information available. [Kiel DB 2974]
No bibliographic information available. [Schier 1996: Table 1 Boric 2015: 216–7]
No bibliographic information available. [Gabriel 2000: 235 Table 1]
No bibliographic information available. [EUBAR Capuzzo et al. 2014. Radiocarbon 56.2]
No bibliographic information available. [Töchterle 2015 130 Abb. 1]
No bibliographic information available. [Mantu 2000]
No bibliographic information available. [without author 2004 34]
No bibliographic information available. [Linstädter 2004]
No bibliographic information available. [Schachner 2013: 83]
No bibliographic information available. [Thissen 2002: 317 Duru 2002: 588]
No bibliographic information available. [Meiklejohn Portugal]
No bibliographic information available. [Duru 2004: 558]
No bibliographic information available. [Schier 2008 Boric 2015]
No bibliographic information available. [Unkel 2012]
No bibliographic information available. [MulazzaniBelhouchet.2016]
No bibliographic information available. [Breunig 1987 183]
Bird, D., Miranda, L., Vander Linden, M., Robinson, E., Bocinsky, R. K., Nicholson, C., Capriles, J. M., Finley, J. B., Gayo, E. M., Gil, A., d’Alpoim Guedes, J., Hoggarth, J. A., Kay, A., Loftus, E., Lombardo, U., Mackie, M., Palmisano, A., Solheim, S., Kelly, R. L., & Freeman, J. (2022). P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates. Scientific Data, 9(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7 [p3k14c]

@misc{Korfmann 1993,
  
}
@misc{Carciumaru M. 2004-2005. Annales d'universite Valahia Tagoviste VI-VII: 7-40.,
  
}
@article{Vermeersch2020,
  title = {Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included},
  author = {Vermeersch, Pierre M},
  year = {2020},
  month = {aug},
  journal = {Data Brief},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {105793},
  issn = {2352-3409},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793},
  abstract = {At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.},
  month_numeric = {8}
}
@misc{Street Terbergen 1999 Antiquity 73: 259-272,
  
}
@misc{Raetzel-Fabian 2000a 136,
  
}
@article{CapuzzoEtAl2014,
  title = {EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern France},
  shorttitle = {EUBAR},
  author = {Capuzzo, Giacomo and Boaretto, Elisabetta and Barceló, Juan A.},
  year = {2014},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Radiocarbon},
  volume = {56},
  number = {2},
  pages = {851–869},
  issn = {0033-8222, 1945-5755},
  doi = {10.2458/56.17453},
  abstract = {The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology. To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published 14C dates for the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle Danube Valley (Austria) for the period 1800–750 BC. The available archaeological information associated with the 14C dates was organized in a database that totaled more than 1600 14C dates. In order to build an accurate and precise chronology, quality selection rules have been applied to the 14C dates based on both archaeological context and analytical quality. Using the OxCal software and Bayesian analysis, several 14C time sequences were created following the archaeological data and different possible scenarios were tested in northern Italy and southern France.},
  langid = {english},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@misc{Leonardi et al. 2015 301-304 Appendix,
  
}
@misc{Behnke 2000 137,
  
}
@misc{Kiel DB 2974,
  
}
@misc{Schier 1996: Table 1 Boric 2015: 216–7,
  
}
@misc{Gabriel 2000: 235 Table 1,
  
}
@misc{EUBAR Capuzzo et al. 2014. Radiocarbon 56.2,
  
}
@misc{Töchterle 2015 130 Abb. 1,
  
}
@misc{Mantu 2000,
  
}
@misc{without author 2004 34,
  
}
@misc{Linstädter 2004,
  
}
@misc{Schachner 2013: 83,
  
}
@misc{Thissen 2002: 317 Duru 2002: 588,
  
}
@misc{Meiklejohn Portugal,
  
}
@misc{Duru 2004: 558,
  
}
@misc{Schier 2008 Boric 2015,
  
}
@misc{Unkel 2012,
  
}
@misc{MulazzaniBelhouchet.2016,
  
}
@misc{Breunig 1987 183,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

{"bibtex_key":"Korfmann 1993","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Carciumaru M. 2004-2005. Annales d'universite Valahia Tagoviste VI-VII: 7-40.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"Vermeersch2020","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}","author":"{Vermeersch, Pierre M}","year":"{2020}","month":"{aug}","journal":"{Data Brief}","volume":"{31}","pages":"{105793}","issn":"{2352-3409}","doi":"{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}","abstract":"{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a \"cultural\" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in \"My Places\". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.}","month_numeric":"{8}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Street Terbergen 1999 Antiquity 73: 259-272","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Raetzel-Fabian 2000a 136","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"CapuzzoEtAl2014","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern France}","shorttitle":"{EUBAR}","author":"{Capuzzo, Giacomo and Boaretto, Elisabetta and Barceló, Juan A.}","year":"{2014}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Radiocarbon}","volume":"{56}","number":"{2}","pages":"{851–869}","issn":"{0033-8222, 1945-5755}","doi":"{10.2458/56.17453}","abstract":"{The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology. To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published 14C dates for the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle Danube Valley (Austria) for the period 1800–750 BC. The available archaeological information associated with the 14C dates was organized in a database that totaled more than 1600 14C dates. In order to build an accurate and precise chronology, quality selection rules have been applied to the 14C dates based on both archaeological context and analytical quality. Using the OxCal software and Bayesian analysis, several 14C time sequences were created following the archaeological data and different possible scenarios were tested in northern Italy and southern France.}","langid":"{english}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Leonardi et al. 2015 301-304 Appendix","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Behnke 2000 137","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Kiel DB 2974","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Schier 1996: Table 1 Boric 2015: 216–7","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gabriel 2000: 235 Table 1","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"EUBAR Capuzzo et al. 2014. Radiocarbon 56.2","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Töchterle 2015 130 Abb. 1","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Mantu 2000","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"without author 2004 34","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Linstädter 2004","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Schachner 2013: 83","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Thissen 2002: 317 Duru 2002: 588","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Meiklejohn Portugal","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Duru 2004: 558","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Schier 2008 Boric 2015","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Unkel 2012","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"MulazzaniBelhouchet.2016","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Breunig 1987 183","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]

---
:bibtex_key: Korfmann 1993
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Carciumaru M. 2004-2005. Annales d''universite Valahia Tagoviste VI-VII:
  7-40.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: Vermeersch2020
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset
    of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}"
  :author: "{Vermeersch, Pierre M}"
  :year: "{2020}"
  :month: "{aug}"
  :journal: "{Data Brief}"
  :volume: "{31}"
  :pages: "{105793}"
  :issn: "{2352-3409}"
  :doi: "{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}"
  :abstract: '{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late
    Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations,
    was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie
    humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation
    of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes
    Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental
    conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites
    with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available
    radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We
    try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind
    of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated
    with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian
    Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates
    are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic,
    sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database.
    For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft
    Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites
    with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is
    available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file
    open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version
    27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most
    of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data:
    Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U
    and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates
    are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version
    26.}'
  :month_numeric: "{8}"
---
:bibtex_key: 'Street Terbergen 1999 Antiquity 73: 259-272'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Raetzel-Fabian 2000a 136
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CapuzzoEtAl2014
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian
    Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern
    France}"
  :shorttitle: "{EUBAR}"
  :author: "{Capuzzo, Giacomo and Boaretto, Elisabetta and Barceló, Juan A.}"
  :year: "{2014}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Radiocarbon}"
  :volume: "{56}"
  :number: "{2}"
  :pages: "{851–869}"
  :issn: "{0033-8222, 1945-5755}"
  :doi: "{10.2458/56.17453}"
  :abstract: "{The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative
    chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different
    time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between
    different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach
    was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology.
    To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published 14C dates for
    the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle
    Danube Valley (Austria) for the period 1800–750 BC. The available archaeological
    information associated with the 14C dates was organized in a database that totaled
    more than 1600 14C dates. In order to build an accurate and precise chronology,
    quality selection rules have been applied to the 14C dates based on both archaeological
    context and analytical quality. Using the OxCal software and Bayesian analysis,
    several 14C time sequences were created following the archaeological data and
    different possible scenarios were tested in northern Italy and southern France.}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
:bibtex_key: Leonardi et al. 2015 301-304 Appendix
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Behnke 2000 137
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Kiel DB 2974
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Schier 1996: Table 1 Boric 2015: 216–7'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Gabriel 2000: 235 Table 1'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: EUBAR Capuzzo et al. 2014. Radiocarbon 56.2
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Töchterle 2015 130 Abb. 1
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Mantu 2000
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: without author 2004 34
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Linstädter 2004
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Schachner 2013: 83'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Thissen 2002: 317 Duru 2002: 588'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Meiklejohn Portugal
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Duru 2004: 558'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Schier 2008 Boric 2015
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Unkel 2012
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: MulazzaniBelhouchet.2016
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Breunig 1987 183
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

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XRONOS development team 2022-12-02 00:50:45 UTC

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