Site types
Settlement, settlement (house), settlement (pit), and

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
035.197° N, 026.278° E
Coordinates (DMS)
035° 11' 00" E, 026° 16' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
Greece (Crete)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (50)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
GrA-29041 east of building 6. zembil 2878, tsunami deposits bone Capra AMS 3345±40 BP BruinsvanderPlicht2014;Bruinsetal2009;Höflmayer2010
GrA-29042 east of building 6. zembil 2878, tsunami deposits teeth NA AMS 3385±40 BP BruinsvanderPlicht2014;Bruinsetal2009;Höflmayer2010
GrA-29592 PK-prom-1-1 shell Arca noae AMS Bruinsetal2008
GrA-29593 PK-prom-1-3 shell Patellidae AMS 4165±40 BP Bruinsetal2008
GrA-29596 PK-prom-2-11 shell Phorcus turbinatus AMS 3625±40 BP Bruinsetal2008
GrA-29597 PK-prom-2-12 shell Muricidae AMS 3485±40 BP Bruinsetal2008
GrA-29598 PK-prom-1-1 shell Arca noae AMS Bruinsetal2008
GrA-29599 PK-prom-1-3 shell Patellidae AMS 4245±40 BP Bruinsetal2008
GrA-29601 PK-prom-2-11 shell Phorcus turbinatus AMS 3540±40 BP Bruinsetal2008
GrA-29602 PK-prom-2-12 shell Muricidae AMS 3370±40 BP Bruinsetal2008
GrA-30336 PK-PR-1. Promontory field section 1, h:1.50 asl, tsunami deposits bone Bos AMS 3310±35 BP BruinsvanderPlicht2014;Bruinsetal2008;Bruinsetal2009;Höflmayer2010
GrA-30339 PK-PR-2. Promontory field section 1, h:1.50 asl, tsunami deposits bone Bos AMS 3390±35 BP BruinsvanderPlicht2014;Bruinsetal2008;Bruinsetal2009;Höflmayer2010
St-1263 PK 63. BB 11, East, Balk, level 2 charcoal Olea europaea NA 3535±70 BP Betancourtetal1978;Engstrand1965;Manning1988;Myersetal1992
St-1264 PK 63. BB, Trench 1 charcoal Olea europaea NA 3510±120 BP Betancourtetal1978;Engstrand1965;Manning1988;Myersetal1992
St-1265 rubbish pit in a pocket in the rock charcoal Olea europaea NA 3450±75 BP Engstrand1965;Manning1988;Myersetal1992
GrA-21607 marine shell NA NA 3790±60 BP Vermeersch2019 Bird et al. 2022
GrA-28991 bone NA NA 3325±40 BP Vermeersch2019 Bird et al. 2022
GrA-29041 bone NA NA 3345±40 BP Vermeersch2019 Bird et al. 2022
GrA-29042 tooth NA NA 3385±40 BP Vermeersch2019 Bird et al. 2022
GrA-29593 marine shell NA NA 4165±40 BP Vermeersch2019 Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (30)

Classification Estimated age References
Late Minoan Ia NA BruinsvanderPlicht2014;Bruinsetal2009;Höflmayer2010
Late Minoan Ia NA BruinsvanderPlicht2014;Bruinsetal2009;Höflmayer2010
Late Minoan Ia NA BruinsvanderPlicht2014;Bruinsetal2009;Höflmayer2010
Modern NA Bruinsetal2008
Modern NA Bruinsetal2008
Late Minoan Ia NA BruinsvanderPlicht2014;Bruinsetal2008;Bruinsetal2009;Höflmayer2010
Late Minoan Ia NA BruinsvanderPlicht2014;Bruinsetal2008;Bruinsetal2009;Höflmayer2010
Late Minoan Ib NA Betancourtetal1978;Engstrand1965;Manning1988;Myersetal1992
Late Minoan Ib NA Betancourtetal1978;Engstrand1965;Manning1988;Myersetal1992
Middle Minoan III NA Engstrand1965;Manning1988;Myersetal1992

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{Radiocarbon 1965, 286,
  
}
@misc{Bruinsetal2008;Bruinsetal2009,
  
}
@misc{BruinsvanderPlicht2014;Bruinsetal2009;Höflmayer2010,
  
}
@misc{Bruinsetal2008,
  
}
@misc{BruinsvanderPlicht2014;Bruinsetal2008;Bruinsetal2009;Höflmayer2010,
  
}
@misc{Betancourtetal1978;Engstrand1965;Manning1988;Myersetal1992,
  
}
@misc{Engstrand1965;Manning1988;Myersetal1992,
  
}
@misc{Vermeersch2019,
  
}
@misc{Hiddink 2014 197,
  
}
@misc{Oliva 2008,
  
}
@misc{Radiocarbon 1965 286,
  
}
@misc{CalPal,
  title = {CalPal Edition 2022.9},
  author = {Weninger, Bernie},
  year = {2022},
  month = {sep},
  doi = {1010.5281/zenodo.7422618},
  url = {https://zenodo.org/record/7422618},
  abstract = {CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.},
  copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access},
  howpublished = {Zenodo},
  month_numeric = {9}
}
@dataset{RADON-B,
  title = {RADON-B – Radiocarbon Dates Online (Version 2014).  Database for European 14C Dates for the Bronze and Early Iron Age},
  author = {Kneisel, Jutta and Hinz, Martin and Rinne, Christophe},
  date = {2014},
  url = {https://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de},
  abstract = {The database provides a quick overview of 14C dates from Europe. The time frame was limited to the Bronze and Early Iron Ages and covers the period from 2300 BC to 500 BC. The database can be searched by geographic or chronological factors, but also according to the nature of the sample material, the sites or features. The data and related information were taken from the literature cited in each case, and due to the timing of phases and culture assignment, are subject to change. We therefore assume no responsibility for the accuracy of source data.}
}
@misc{Katsianis et al. 2020,
  url = {https://rdr.ucl.ac.uk/articles/dataset/Dataset_for_An_Aegean_history_and_archaeology_written_through_radiocarbon_dates/12489137/1},
  note = {Katsianis, Markos; Bevan, Andrew; Styliaras, Giorgos; Maniatis, Yannis (2020): Dataset for: An Aegean history and archaeology written through radiocarbon dates. University College London. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.5522/04/12489137.v1 }
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"Radiocarbon 1965, 286","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bruinsetal2008;Bruinsetal2009","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"BruinsvanderPlicht2014;Bruinsetal2009;Höflmayer2010","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bruinsetal2008","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"BruinsvanderPlicht2014;Bruinsetal2008;Bruinsetal2009;Höflmayer2010","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Betancourtetal1978;Engstrand1965;Manning1988;Myersetal1992","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Engstrand1965;Manning1988;Myersetal1992","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Vermeersch2019","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Hiddink 2014 197","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Oliva 2008","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Radiocarbon 1965 286","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"CalPal","bibtex_type":"misc","title":"{CalPal Edition 2022.9}","author":"{Weninger, Bernie}","year":"{2022}","month":"{sep}","doi":"{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}","url":"{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}","abstract":"{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}","copyright":"{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}","howpublished":"{Zenodo}","month_numeric":"{9}"}][{"bibtex_key":"RADON-B","bibtex_type":"dataset","title":"{RADON-B – Radiocarbon Dates Online (Version 2014).  Database for European 14C Dates for the Bronze and Early Iron Age}","author":"{Kneisel, Jutta and Hinz, Martin and Rinne, Christophe}","date":"{2014}","url":"{https://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de}","abstract":"{The database provides a quick overview of 14C dates from Europe. The time frame was limited to the Bronze and Early Iron Ages and covers the period from 2300 BC to 500 BC. The database can be searched by geographic or chronological factors, but also according to the nature of the sample material, the sites or features. The data and related information were taken from the literature cited in each case, and due to the timing of phases and culture assignment, are subject to change. We therefore assume no responsibility for the accuracy of source data.}"}][{"bibtex_key":"Katsianis et al. 2020","bibtex_type":"misc","url":"{https://rdr.ucl.ac.uk/articles/dataset/Dataset_for_An_Aegean_history_and_archaeology_written_through_radiocarbon_dates/12489137/1}","note":"{Katsianis, Markos; Bevan, Andrew; Styliaras, Giorgos; Maniatis, Yannis (2020): Dataset for: An Aegean history and archaeology written through radiocarbon dates. University College London. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.5522/04/12489137.v1 }"}][{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Radiocarbon 1965, 286
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bruinsetal2008;Bruinsetal2009
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: BruinsvanderPlicht2014;Bruinsetal2009;Höflmayer2010
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Bruinsetal2008
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: BruinsvanderPlicht2014;Bruinsetal2008;Bruinsetal2009;Höflmayer2010
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Betancourtetal1978;Engstrand1965;Manning1988;Myersetal1992
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Engstrand1965;Manning1988;Myersetal1992
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Vermeersch2019
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Hiddink 2014 197
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Oliva 2008
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Radiocarbon 1965 286
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CalPal
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :title: "{CalPal Edition 2022.9}"
  :author: "{Weninger, Bernie}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{sep}"
  :doi: "{1010.5281/zenodo.7422618}"
  :url: "{https://zenodo.org/record/7422618}"
  :abstract: "{CalPal is scientific freeware for 14C-based chronological research
    for Holocene and Palaeolithic Archaeology.}"
  :copyright: "{Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, Open Access}"
  :howpublished: "{Zenodo}"
  :month_numeric: "{9}"
---
- :bibtex_key: RADON-B
  :bibtex_type: :dataset
  :title: "{RADON-B – Radiocarbon Dates Online (Version 2014).  Database for European
    14C Dates for the Bronze and Early Iron Age}"
  :author: "{Kneisel, Jutta and Hinz, Martin and Rinne, Christophe}"
  :date: "{2014}"
  :url: "{https://radon-b.ufg.uni-kiel.de}"
  :abstract: "{The database provides a quick overview of 14C dates from Europe. The
    time frame was limited to the Bronze and Early Iron Ages and covers the period
    from 2300 BC to 500 BC. The database can be searched by geographic or chronological
    factors, but also according to the nature of the sample material, the sites or
    features. The data and related information were taken from the literature cited
    in each case, and due to the timing of phases and culture assignment, are subject
    to change. We therefore assume no responsibility for the accuracy of source data.}"
---
- :bibtex_key: Katsianis et al. 2020
  :bibtex_type: :misc
  :url: "{https://rdr.ucl.ac.uk/articles/dataset/Dataset_for_An_Aegean_history_and_archaeology_written_through_radiocarbon_dates/12489137/1}"
  :note: "{Katsianis, Markos; Bevan, Andrew; Styliaras, Giorgos; Maniatis, Yannis
    (2020): Dataset for: An Aegean history and archaeology written through radiocarbon
    dates. University College London. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.5522/04/12489137.v1
    }"
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog