Site type

Location

Coordinates (degrees)
029.837° N, 097.620° W
Coordinates (DMS)
029° 50' 00" W, 097° 37' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
United States (US)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (22)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
Beta-129137 NA UNKNOWN NA NA 8490±40 BP 9539–9460 cal BP Oksanen 2012 per Anderson 2013 Bird et al. 2022
Beta-153341 NA CHARCOAL NA AMS 8070±60 BP 9192–8655 cal BP 2002. Schroeder E. Data Recovery at the Armstrong Site (41CW54) Caldwell County Texas. Volume 1:Background methods and site context Texas Antiquities Permit #2250. PPA Cultural Resources Report Number 0284. Paul Price Associates Inc. Bird et al. 2022
Beta-153342 NA CHARCOAL NA AMS 8080±50 BP 9132–8773 cal BP 2002. Schroeder E. Data Recovery at the Armstrong Site (41CW54) Caldwell County Texas. Volume 1:Background methods and site context Texas Antiquities Permit #2250. PPA Cultural Resources Report Number 0284. Paul Price Associates Inc. Bird et al. 2022
Beta-153343 NA CHARCOAL NA AMS 7960±60 BP 8995–8638 cal BP 2002. Schroeder E. Data Recovery at the Armstrong Site (41CW54) Caldwell County Texas. Volume 1:Background methods and site context Texas Antiquities Permit #2250. PPA Cultural Resources Report Number 0284. Paul Price Associates Inc. Bird et al. 2022
Beta-153349 NA CHARCOAL NA AMS 8990±60 BP 10244–9909 cal BP 2002. Schroeder E. Data Recovery at the Armstrong Site (41CW54) Caldwell County Texas. Volume 1:Background methods and site context Texas Antiquities Permit #2250. PPA Cultural Resources Report Number 0284. Paul Price Associates Inc. Bird et al. 2022
Beta-47433 NA SHELL Clam RADIOMETRIC 1870±60 BP 1932–1620 cal BP Dasovich 1994; Faust 1991; Wheeler 1991 Bird et al. 2022
Beta-47434 NA SHELL Clam RADIOMETRIC 2030±60 BP 2145–1825 cal BP Dasovich 1994; Faust 1991; Wheeler 1991 Bird et al. 2022
Beta-47435 NA SHELL Clam RADIOMETRIC 1950±50 BP 1990–1743 cal BP Dasovich 1994; Faust 1991; Wheeler 1991 Bird et al. 2022
Beta-47436 NA SHELL Clam RADIOMETRIC 1950±60 BP 1999–1720 cal BP Dasovich 1994; Faust 1991; Wheeler 1991 Bird et al. 2022
Beta-47437 NA SHELL Clam RADIOMETRIC 1900±60 BP 1988–1640 cal BP Dasovich 1994; Faust 1991; Wheeler 1991 Bird et al. 2022
Beta-47438 NA SHELL Clam RADIOMETRIC 2060±60 BP 2293–1835 cal BP Dasovich 1994; Faust 1991; Wheeler 1991 Bird et al. 2022
Beta-47439 NA SHELL Clam RADIOMETRIC 1480±60 BP 1517–1291 cal BP Dasovich 1994; Faust 1991; Wheeler 1991 Bird et al. 2022
Beta-47440 NA SHELL Clam RADIOMETRIC 2020±60 BP 2142–1797 cal BP Dasovich 1994; Faust 1991; Wheeler 1991 Bird et al. 2022
Beta-47441 NA SHELL Clam RADIOMETRIC 1410±60 BP 1405–1177 cal BP Dasovich 1994; Faust 1991; Wheeler 1991 Bird et al. 2022
Beta-47442 NA SHELL Clam RADIOMETRIC 1850±70 BP 1930–1586 cal BP Dasovich 1994; Faust 1991; Wheeler 1991 Bird et al. 2022
ISGS-5643 NA CHARCOAL NA AMS 820±70 BP 909–658 cal BP Unpublished Bird et al. 2022
ISGS-5644 NA CHARCOAL NA AMS 820±70 BP 909–658 cal BP Unpublished Bird et al. 2022
S-799 NA CHARCOAL NA RADIOMETRIC 840±120 BP 971–554 cal BP Boszhardt 1977; Rodell 2000; Hurley 1978; Rutherford et al. 1984: 260 Bird et al. 2022
S-800 NA CHARCOAL NA RADIOMETRIC 830±110 BP 955–560 cal BP Boszhardt 1977; Rodell 2000; Hurley 1978; Rutherford et al. 1984: 260 Bird et al. 2022
S-801 NA CHARCOAL NA RADIOMETRIC 860±120 BP 1051–558 cal BP Boszhardt 1977; Rodell 2000; Hurley 1978; Rutherford et al. 1984: 260 Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (0)

Classification Estimated age References

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references 

@misc{Unpublished,
  
}
@misc{Oksanen 2012 per Anderson 2013,
  
}
@misc{2002. Schroeder E. Data Recovery at the Armstrong Site (41CW54) Caldwell County Texas. Volume 1:Background methods and site context Texas Antiquities Permit #2250. PPA Cultural Resources Report Number 0284. Paul Price Associates Inc.,
  
}
@misc{Dasovich 1994; Faust 1991; Wheeler 1991,
  
}
@misc{Boszhardt 1977; Rodell 2000; Hurley 1978; Rutherford et al. 1984: 260,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}

{"bibtex_key":"Unpublished","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Oksanen 2012 per Anderson 2013","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"2002. Schroeder E. Data Recovery at the Armstrong Site (41CW54) Caldwell County Texas. Volume 1:Background methods and site context Texas Antiquities Permit #2250. PPA Cultural Resources Report Number 0284. Paul Price Associates Inc.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Dasovich 1994; Faust 1991; Wheeler 1991","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Boszhardt 1977; Rodell 2000; Hurley 1978; Rutherford et al. 1984: 260","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Unpublished
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Oksanen 2012 per Anderson 2013
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: '2002. Schroeder E. Data Recovery at the Armstrong Site (41CW54) Caldwell
  County Texas. Volume 1:Background methods and site context Texas Antiquities Permit
  #2250. PPA Cultural Resources Report Number 0284. Paul Price Associates Inc.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Dasovich 1994; Faust 1991; Wheeler 1991
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Boszhardt 1977; Rodell 2000; Hurley 1978; Rutherford et al. 1984: 260'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

Changelog