Site type

Location

100 m
Leaflet Tiles © Esri — Source: Esri, i-cubed, USDA, USGS, AEX, GeoEye, Getmapping, Aerogrid, IGN, IGP, UPR-EGP, and the GIS User Community
Coordinates (degrees)
047.591° N, 003.765° E
Coordinates (DMS)
047° 35' 00" E, 003° 45' 00" N
Country (ISO 3166)
France (FR)

radiocarbon date Radiocarbon dates (81)

Lab ID Context Material Taxon Method Uncalibrated age Calibrated age References
BM-1817R bone NA NA 26690±450 BP 31525–30067 cal BP Banadora Bird et al. 2022
BM-1818 bone NA NA 10500±190 BP 12820–11652 cal BP Klaric L. 2007. Antiquity 81: 176-190. Bird et al. 2022
BM-1819 NA NA 22550±350 BP 27390–26008 cal BP Banadora Bird et al. 2022
BM-1819R bone NA NA 22600±360 BP 27490–26032 cal BP Vermeersch 2020 Bird et al. 2022
CAR-1525 NA NA 7460±90 BP 8409–8038 cal BP CALPAL Bird et al. 2022
GrN-1717 bone NA NA 30800±250 BP 35635–34616 cal BP J. Svoboda Czech Republic: Projects of the Centre for Palaeolith and Paleoethnological Research XIVÔøΩme congrÔøΩs UISPP LiÔøΩge ERALIL 97 73-88. Joris O. 2010. In New aspects of the central and Eastern European Upper palaeolithic. Bird et al. 2022
GrN-1736 ash/burnt bones NA NA 33500±400 BP 39335–37150 cal BP Vermeersch 2020 Bird et al. 2022
GrN-1742 bone NA NA 33860±250 BP 39494–37830 cal BP Larsson 2019 Bird et al. 2022
GrN-2163 ash (bone collagen) NA NA 33000±1400 BP 40610–34855 cal BP Lanting/Mook 1977 42; Breunig 1987 129. Bird et al. 2022
GrN-2376 bone NA NA 28300±1700 BP 35840–29258 cal BP Aguire Ruiz de Gopegui 2012. Altamira Monografias 23: 216-228. Bird et al. 2022
GrN-4151 bone NA NA 25500±380 BP 30715–28928 cal BP Lanting/Mook 1977 95. Bird et al. 2022
GrN-4216 bone NA NA 24500±360 BP 29500–27815 cal BP Banadora. Delibrias G. 1990. In: Paleolithique moyen recent et Paleolithique superieur ancien en Europe. Memoires du Musee de Prehist. d'Ile-de-France 3:39-42. Higham 2010. PNAS1007963107. Zilhao 2011. Before Farming 3. Bird et al. 2022
GrN-4217 bone NA NA 34600±850 BP 41252–37360 cal BP Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris. G. Lengyel FOLIA QUATERNARIA 86 KRAKÔøΩW 2018 5ÔøΩ157 Bird et al. 2022
GrN-4251 bone NA NA 25500±380 BP 30715–28928 cal BP Banadora. Delibrias G. 1990. In: Paleolithique moyen recent et Paleolithique superieur ancien en Europe. Memoires du Musee de Prehist. d'Ile-de-France 3:39-42. Higham 2010. PNAS1007963107. Zilhao 2011. Before Farming 3. Bird et al. 2022
GrN-4256 bone NA NA 33700±810 BP 40353–36535 cal BP Banadora Bird et al. 2022
L-340A bone NA NA 11400±250 BP 13769–12822 cal BP Vermeersch 2020 Bird et al. 2022
L-340B bone NA NA 10900±250 BP 13315–12100 cal BP Banadora Higham 2010. PNAS1007963107; Zilhao 2011. Before Farming 3. Bird et al. 2022
L-340C bone NA NA 15700±400 BP 19925–18217 cal BP Caron 2011. PLoS ONE e21545. Zilhao 2011. Before Farming 3 Bird et al. 2022
L-340D bone NA NA 15350±400 BP 19562–17590 cal BP Broecker and Kulp 1957: 1329 Bird et al. 2022
Ly-2161 bone Coelodonta antiquitatis Linty NA NA 20150±500 BP 25545–23042 cal BP Banadora. Delibrias G. 1990. In: Paleolithique moyen recent et Paleolithique superieur ancien en Europe. Memoires du Musee de Prehist. d'Ile-de-France 3:39-42. Higham 2010. PNAS1007963107. Zilhao 2011. Before Farming 3. Bird et al. 2022

typological date Typological dates (0)

Classification Estimated age References

Bibliographic reference Bibliographic references

@misc{Banadora,
  
}
@misc{Klaric L. 2007. Antiquity 81: 176-190.,
  
}
@article{Vermeersch2020,
  title = {Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included},
  author = {Vermeersch, Pierre M},
  year = {2020},
  month = {aug},
  journal = {Data Brief},
  volume = {31},
  pages = {105793},
  issn = {2352-3409},
  doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793},
  abstract = {At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.},
  month_numeric = {8}
}
@misc{CALPAL,
  
}
@misc{J. Svoboda Czech Republic: Projects of the Centre for Palaeolith and Paleoethnological Research XIVÔøΩme congrÔøΩs UISPP LiÔøΩge ERALIL 97 73-88. Joris O. 2010. In New aspects of the central and Eastern European Upper palaeolithic.,
  
}
@misc{Larsson 2019,
  
}
@misc{Lanting/Mook 1977 42; Breunig 1987 129.,
  
}
@misc{Aguire Ruiz de Gopegui 2012. Altamira Monografias 23: 216-228.,
  
}
@misc{Lanting/Mook 1977 95.,
  
}
@misc{Banadora. Delibrias G.  1990. In: Paleolithique moyen recent et Paleolithique superieur ancien en Europe. Memoires du Musee de Prehist. d'Ile-de-France 3:39-42. Higham  2010. PNAS1007963107. Zilhao  2011. Before Farming 3.,
  
}
@misc{Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris.  G. Lengyel FOLIA QUATERNARIA 86 KRAKÔøΩW 2018 5ÔøΩ157,
  
}
@misc{Banadora Higham  2010. PNAS1007963107; Zilhao  2011. Before Farming 3.,
  
}
@misc{Caron  2011. PLoS ONE e21545. Zilhao  2011. Before Farming 3,
  
}
@misc{Broecker and Kulp 1957: 1329,
  
}
@misc{http://pageperso.aol.fr/vdujardin/14C.html,
  
}
@article{CapuzzoEtAl2014,
  title = {EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern France},
  shorttitle = {EUBAR},
  author = {Capuzzo, Giacomo and Boaretto, Elisabetta and Barceló, Juan A.},
  year = {2014},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Radiocarbon},
  volume = {56},
  number = {2},
  pages = {851–869},
  issn = {0033-8222, 1945-5755},
  doi = {10.2458/56.17453},
  abstract = {The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology. To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published 14C dates for the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle Danube Valley (Austria) for the period 1800–750 BC. The available archaeological information associated with the 14C dates was organized in a database that totaled more than 1600 14C dates. In order to build an accurate and precise chronology, quality selection rules have been applied to the 14C dates based on both archaeological context and analytical quality. Using the OxCal software and Bayesian analysis, several 14C time sequences were created following the archaeological data and different possible scenarios were tested in northern Italy and southern France.},
  langid = {english},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
@misc{Maxim 1999 Dra<U+0219>ovean 2014: 170,
  
}
@misc{Movius H. L. 1975. Excavation of the Abri Pataud (Eyzies (Dordogne). Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology,
  
}
@misc{Banadora. Higham  2010. PNAS. Zilhao  2011. Before Farming 3.,
  
}
@misc{Banadora Higham  2010. PNAS1007963107. Zilhao  2011. Before Farming 3. Hublin  2012. PNAS 109: 18745.,
  
}
@misc{Jacobi R.M.  2009. QSR 28: 1895-1913.,
  
}
@misc{White  2012 PNAS 109: 8542.,
  
}
@misc{Zilhao & d'Errico; 1999. Journal of World Prehistory 13: 1-. White  2012 PNAS 109: 8452.,
  
}
@misc{Movius H. L. 1975. Excavation of the Abri Pataud (Eyzies (Dordogne). Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Higham T.  2011. JHE 61: 549-563,
  
}
@misc{Yvorna P.  2003 Antiquity 77: 336-344. Szmidt C.C. 2009 In :The Mediterranean from 50000 to 25000 BP Oxbow. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.,
  
}
@misc{Barshay-Szmidt  2018 JAS Reports 17: 809-838,
  
}
@misc{Archaeometry 38 2 (1996) 391 - 415. Flas D. 2002. Anthropologie et PrÔøΩhistorie 113: 25-49. Flas D. 2008.Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253.  Higham T.F.G.  2006. Radiocarbon 48(2): 179-95.,
  
}
@misc{Bailey S.  2006. JHE 503: 1-24 (in press). Hublin   PNAS 109: 18745.,
  
}
@misc{Gowlett J. 1987. Journal of World Prehistory: 127-170. Valentin B. 2007. http://lara.inist.fr/bitstream/2332/1360/1/PCRTardi2007.pdf,
  
}
@article{p3k14c,
  title = {P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates},
  author = {Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob},
  year = {2022},
  month = {jan},
  journal = {Scientific Data},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {27},
  publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
  issn = {2052-4463},
  doi = {10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7},
  abstract = {Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.},
  copyright = {2022 The Author(s)},
  langid = {english},
  keywords = {Archaeology,Chemistry},
  month_numeric = {1}
}
{"bibtex_key":"Banadora","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Klaric L. 2007. Antiquity 81: 176-190.","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"Vermeersch2020","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}","author":"{Vermeersch, Pierre M}","year":"{2020}","month":"{aug}","journal":"{Data Brief}","volume":"{31}","pages":"{105793}","issn":"{2352-3409}","doi":"{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}","abstract":"{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations, was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated with a \"cultural\" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic, sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database. For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file open) in Google Earth the whole site list in \"My Places\". The database, version 27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data: Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version 26.}","month_numeric":"{8}"}]{"bibtex_key":"CALPAL","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"J. Svoboda Czech Republic: Projects of the Centre for Palaeolith and Paleoethnological Research XIVÔøΩme congrÔøΩs UISPP LiÔøΩge ERALIL 97 73-88. Joris O. 2010. In New aspects of the central and Eastern European Upper palaeolithic.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Larsson 2019","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lanting/Mook 1977 42; Breunig 1987 129.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Aguire Ruiz de Gopegui 2012. Altamira Monografias 23: 216-228.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Lanting/Mook 1977 95.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Banadora. Delibrias G.  1990. In: Paleolithique moyen recent et Paleolithique superieur ancien en Europe. Memoires du Musee de Prehist. d'Ile-de-France 3:39-42. Higham  2010. PNAS1007963107. Zilhao  2011. Before Farming 3.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur en Europe. Armand Colin Paris.  G. Lengyel FOLIA QUATERNARIA 86 KRAKÔøΩW 2018 5ÔøΩ157","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Banadora Higham  2010. PNAS1007963107; Zilhao  2011. Before Farming 3.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Caron  2011. PLoS ONE e21545. Zilhao  2011. Before Farming 3","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Broecker and Kulp 1957: 1329","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"http://pageperso.aol.fr/vdujardin/14C.html","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"CapuzzoEtAl2014","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern France}","shorttitle":"{EUBAR}","author":"{Capuzzo, Giacomo and Boaretto, Elisabetta and Barceló, Juan A.}","year":"{2014}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Radiocarbon}","volume":"{56}","number":"{2}","pages":"{851–869}","issn":"{0033-8222, 1945-5755}","doi":"{10.2458/56.17453}","abstract":"{The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology. To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published 14C dates for the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle Danube Valley (Austria) for the period 1800–750 BC. The available archaeological information associated with the 14C dates was organized in a database that totaled more than 1600 14C dates. In order to build an accurate and precise chronology, quality selection rules have been applied to the 14C dates based on both archaeological context and analytical quality. Using the OxCal software and Bayesian analysis, several 14C time sequences were created following the archaeological data and different possible scenarios were tested in northern Italy and southern France.}","langid":"{english}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]{"bibtex_key":"Maxim 1999 Dra<U+0219>ovean 2014: 170","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Movius H. L. 1975. Excavation of the Abri Pataud (Eyzies (Dordogne). Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Banadora. Higham  2010. PNAS. Zilhao  2011. Before Farming 3.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Banadora Higham  2010. PNAS1007963107. Zilhao  2011. Before Farming 3. Hublin  2012. PNAS 109: 18745.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Jacobi R.M.  2009. QSR 28: 1895-1913.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"White  2012 PNAS 109: 8542.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Zilhao & d'Errico; 1999. Journal of World Prehistory 13: 1-. White  2012 PNAS 109: 8452.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Movius H. L. 1975. Excavation of the Abri Pataud (Eyzies (Dordogne). Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Higham T.  2011. JHE 61: 549-563","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Yvorna P.  2003 Antiquity 77: 336-344. Szmidt C.C. 2009 In :The Mediterranean from 50000 to 25000 BP Oxbow. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Barshay-Szmidt  2018 JAS Reports 17: 809-838","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Archaeometry 38 2 (1996) 391 - 415. Flas D. 2002. Anthropologie et PrÔøΩhistorie 113: 25-49. Flas D. 2008.Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253.  Higham T.F.G.  2006. Radiocarbon 48(2): 179-95.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Bailey S.  2006. JHE 503: 1-24 (in press). Hublin   PNAS 109: 18745.","bibtex_type":"misc"}{"bibtex_key":"Gowlett J. 1987. Journal of World Prehistory: 127-170. Valentin B. 2007. http://lara.inist.fr/bitstream/2332/1360/1/PCRTardi2007.pdf","bibtex_type":"misc"}[{"bibtex_key":"p3k14c","bibtex_type":"article","title":"{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}","author":"{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth, Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman, Jacob}","year":"{2022}","month":"{jan}","journal":"{Scientific Data}","volume":"{9}","number":"{1}","pages":"{27}","publisher":"{Nature Publishing Group}","issn":"{2052-4463}","doi":"{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}","abstract":"{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale, comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}","copyright":"{2022 The Author(s)}","langid":"{english}","keywords":"{Archaeology,Chemistry}","month_numeric":"{1}"}]
---
:bibtex_key: Banadora
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Klaric L. 2007. Antiquity 81: 176-190.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: Vermeersch2020
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{Radiocarbon Palaeolithic Europe Database: A Regularly Updated Dataset
    of the Radiometric Data Regarding the Palaeolithic of Europe, Siberia Included}"
  :author: "{Vermeersch, Pierre M}"
  :year: "{2020}"
  :month: "{aug}"
  :journal: "{Data Brief}"
  :volume: "{31}"
  :pages: "{105793}"
  :issn: "{2352-3409}"
  :doi: "{10.1016/j.dib.2020.105793}"
  :abstract: '{At the Berlin INQUA Congress (1995) a working group, European Late
    Pleistocene Isotopic Stages 2 & 3: Humans, Their Ecology & Cultural Adaptations,
    was established under the direction of J. Renault-Miskovsky (Institut de Paléontologie
    humaine, Paris). One of the objectives was building a database of the human occupation
    of Europe during this period. The database has been enlarged and now includes
    Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic sites connecting them to their environmental
    conditions and the available chronometric dating. From version 14 on, only sites
    with chronometric data were included. In this database we have collected the available
    radiometric data from literature and from other more restricted databases. We
    try to incorporate newly published chronometric dates, collected from all kind
    of available publications. Only dates older than 9500 uncalibrated BP, correlated
    with a "cultural" level obtained by scientific excavations of European (Asian
    Russian Federation included) Palaeolithic sites, have been included. The dates
    are complemented with information related to cultural remains, stratigraphic,
    sedimentologic and palaeontologic information within a Microsoft Access database.
    For colleagues mainly interested in a list of all chronometric dates an Microsoft
    Excel list (with no details) is available (Tab. 1). A file, containing all sites
    with known coordinates, that can be opened for immediate use in Google Earth is
    available as a *.kmz file. It will give the possibility to introduce (by file
    open) in Google Earth the whole site list in "My Places". The database, version
    27 (first version was available in 2002), contains now 13,202 site forms, (most
    of them with their geographical coordinates), comprising 17,022 radiometric data:
    Conv. 14C and AMS 14C (13,144 items), TL (678 items), OSL (1050 items), ESR, Th/U
    and AAR (2150 items) from the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. All 14C dates
    are conventional dates BP. This improved version 27 replaces the older version
    26.}'
  :month_numeric: "{8}"
---
:bibtex_key: CALPAL
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'J. Svoboda Czech Republic: Projects of the Centre for Palaeolith and
  Paleoethnological Research XIVÔøΩme congrÔøΩs UISPP LiÔøΩge ERALIL 97 73-88. Joris
  O. 2010. In New aspects of the central and Eastern European Upper palaeolithic.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Larsson 2019
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lanting/Mook 1977 42; Breunig 1987 129.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Aguire Ruiz de Gopegui 2012. Altamira Monografias 23: 216-228.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Lanting/Mook 1977 95.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Banadora. Delibrias G.  1990. In: Paleolithique moyen recent et Paleolithique
  superieur ancien en Europe. Memoires du Musee de Prehist. d''Ile-de-France 3:39-42.
  Higham  2010. PNAS1007963107. Zilhao  2011. Before Farming 3.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Djindjian F. J. Kozlowski & M. Otte 1999. Le Paleolithique superieur
  en Europe. Armand Colin Paris.  G. Lengyel FOLIA QUATERNARIA 86 KRAKÔøΩW 2018 5ÔøΩ157
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Banadora Higham  2010. PNAS1007963107; Zilhao  2011. Before Farming 3.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Caron  2011. PLoS ONE e21545. Zilhao  2011. Before Farming 3
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Broecker and Kulp 1957: 1329'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: http://pageperso.aol.fr/vdujardin/14C.html
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: CapuzzoEtAl2014
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian
    Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern
    France}"
  :shorttitle: "{EUBAR}"
  :author: "{Capuzzo, Giacomo and Boaretto, Elisabetta and Barceló, Juan A.}"
  :year: "{2014}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Radiocarbon}"
  :volume: "{56}"
  :number: "{2}"
  :pages: "{851–869}"
  :issn: "{0033-8222, 1945-5755}"
  :doi: "{10.2458/56.17453}"
  :abstract: "{The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative
    chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different
    time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between
    different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach
    was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology.
    To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published 14C dates for
    the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle
    Danube Valley (Austria) for the period 1800–750 BC. The available archaeological
    information associated with the 14C dates was organized in a database that totaled
    more than 1600 14C dates. In order to build an accurate and precise chronology,
    quality selection rules have been applied to the 14C dates based on both archaeological
    context and analytical quality. Using the OxCal software and Bayesian analysis,
    several 14C time sequences were created following the archaeological data and
    different possible scenarios were tested in northern Italy and southern France.}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"
---
:bibtex_key: 'Maxim 1999 Dra<U+0219>ovean 2014: 170'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Movius H. L. 1975. Excavation of the Abri Pataud (Eyzies (Dordogne).
  Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: Banadora. Higham  2010. PNAS. Zilhao  2011. Before Farming 3.
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Banadora Higham  2010. PNAS1007963107. Zilhao  2011. Before Farming
  3. Hublin  2012. PNAS 109: 18745.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Jacobi R.M.  2009. QSR 28: 1895-1913.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'White  2012 PNAS 109: 8542.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Zilhao & d''Errico; 1999. Journal of World Prehistory 13: 1-. White  2012
  PNAS 109: 8452.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Movius H. L. 1975. Excavation of the Abri Pataud (Eyzies (Dordogne).
  Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology. Higham T.  2011. JHE 61: 549-563'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Yvorna P.  2003 Antiquity 77: 336-344. Szmidt C.C. 2009 In :The Mediterranean
  from 50000 to 25000 BP Oxbow. Higham T.  2014. Nature 512: 306-309.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Barshay-Szmidt  2018 JAS Reports 17: 809-838'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Archaeometry 38 2 (1996) 391 - 415. Flas D. 2002. Anthropologie et PrÔøΩhistorie
  113: 25-49. Flas D. 2008.Anthropologica et Praehistorica 119: 3-253.  Higham T.F.G.  2006.
  Radiocarbon 48(2): 179-95.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Bailey S.  2006. JHE 503: 1-24 (in press). Hublin   PNAS 109: 18745.'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
:bibtex_key: 'Gowlett J. 1987. Journal of World Prehistory: 127-170. Valentin B. 2007.
  http://lara.inist.fr/bitstream/2332/1360/1/PCRTardi2007.pdf'
:bibtex_type: :misc
---
- :bibtex_key: p3k14c
  :bibtex_type: :article
  :title: "{P3k14c, a Synthetic Global Database of Archaeological Radiocarbon Dates}"
  :author: "{Bird, Darcy and Miranda, Lux and Vander Linden, Marc and Robinson, Erick
    and Bocinsky, R. Kyle and Nicholson, Chris and Capriles, José M. and Finley, Judson
    Byrd and Gayo, Eugenia M. and Gil, Adolfo and d’Alpoim Guedes, Jade and Hoggarth,
    Julie A. and Kay, Andrea and Loftus, Emma and Lombardo, Umberto and Mackie, Madeline
    and Palmisano, Alessio and Solheim, Steinar and Kelly, Robert L. and Freeman,
    Jacob}"
  :year: "{2022}"
  :month: "{jan}"
  :journal: "{Scientific Data}"
  :volume: "{9}"
  :number: "{1}"
  :pages: "{27}"
  :publisher: "{Nature Publishing Group}"
  :issn: "{2052-4463}"
  :doi: "{10.1038/s41597-022-01118-7}"
  :abstract: "{Archaeologists increasingly use large radiocarbon databases to model
    prehistoric human demography (also termed paleo-demography). Numerous independent
    projects, funded over the past decade, have assembled such databases from multiple
    regions of the world. These data provide unprecedented potential for comparative
    research on human population ecology and the evolution of social-ecological systems
    across the Earth. However, these databases have been developed using different
    sample selection criteria, which has resulted in interoperability issues for global-scale,
    comparative paleo-demographic research and integration with paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental
    data. We present a synthetic, global-scale archaeological radiocarbon database
    composed of 180,070 radiocarbon dates that have been cleaned according to a standardized
    sample selection criteria. This database increases the reusability of archaeological
    radiocarbon data and streamlines quality control assessments for various types
    of paleo-demographic research. As part of an assessment of data quality, we conduct
    two analyses of sampling bias in the global database at multiple scales. This
    database is ideal for paleo-demographic research focused on dates-as-data, bayesian
    modeling, or summed probability distribution methodologies.}"
  :copyright: "{2022 The Author(s)}"
  :langid: "{english}"
  :keywords: "{Archaeology,Chemistry}"
  :month_numeric: "{1}"

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